Lights! Camera! A
ction!
Video Modeling
Cindy Nankee
www.cindynankee.wikisp
aces.com
Objectives
• This session will share information, research, resources,
and case examples to develop knowledge of video
modeling.
• Participants will learn important strategies for
successful implementation of video modeling in the
classroom, in therapy, in the home and in the
community.
• Define/case examples/research/tools
Upcoming Workshops
• March 8, 2011: CESA 4 West Salem, WI
• April 13, 2011: CESA 2 Milton, WI
• April 19, 2011 CESA 5 Portage, WI
What is VSM?
• Video self modeling (VSM) is a form
of observational learning in which
videos are manipulated so that a
person is able to watch themselves
performing a behavior correctly or at
an advanced level. (Tom Buggey)
Resource
• Tom Buggey Ph.D.
• Seeing Is Believing
• http://www.utc.edu/Faculty/Tom-Buggey/
What is VSM?• Observational learning is social
learning or modeling
• Behavior changes after viewing a model. (peer models/role models)
• SLPs use self modeling with mirrors• Software products and apps using
modeling of behaviors and life skills
Historically
• Self Observation using video has
been used for years by the Military
and Professional Sports
• View unedited video and learn from
the good and the bad
What is VSM?
–The subject is the model
–Focus on positive
–Video is edited so that only the
best examples of the behavior or
task are viewed.
Why VSM?• Success and maintenance
• Easy video capture with most cameras and mobile devices
• Easy and free video editing on most computers and mobile devices
Ally Case Example
Ally• CDS classroom / one on one aid
• Screamer/ runner/30 seconds attention span
• Non-verbal
• Reportedly no interests
• Occupational Therapy goals –string 4 beads and
get her to stop screaming!
AllyJanuary
• Environment – small confined work area
• Scream, bang on window to classroom
• Picture schedule
• 30 seconds per activity max
AllyFebruary
• Current lunch routine
–Assistant gets tray
–Assistant sits with Ally
–Assistant preps food, verbal cue to take
each bite, never finishes lunch, never gets
out for recess
AllyFebruary
• OT starts with carrying tray with dry
items in classroom - lots of spills,
sitting on the floor, screams, running
• Picture schedule added to assist Ally
in loading tray
AllyFebruary
• Initiated Video modeling
• Day 2 - walks quietly in hallway
carrying tray, minimal spills.
Lunch Routine Prep
AllyMarch
• Lunchroom debut
• Video is edited to show only best behavior
• Collaboration with assistant and assistant
training /benefit from watching video
• Ally now carries tray, loads tray, carries to
table, completes meal and goes out for recess
Lunch Routine Edited
Ally• Began video taping everything and
providing immediate feedback from
camera screen
• Amazingly engaged in learning
• Not screaming
• Not running
AllyMay
• Attends to task for 10-15 minutes
–Computer/iTouch
–Manipulative
–Writing/tracing her name
The Who What
Where of it
Who Benefits from VSM?
• Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
• Developmental Disorders
• ADHD
• Downs Syndrome
• Significant Cognitive Disabilities
Who Benefits from VSM?• Prerequisites
–Self recognition (ages 18-24 months)
–Attention span (2-3 minutes)
What is VSM being used for?
• Social Skills
• Behavioral skills
• Communication
• Motor skills
• Academic skills
• Computer skills
• Activities of daily
Living
• Vocational skills
Where is VSM being used?
Therapy
• Motor skills
• Perceptual skills
• Direction
following
• ADLs
• Communication
skills
• Gait training
Classroom
• Writing skills
• Reading Fluency
Home
• ADL routines–Dressing–Hygiene–Cooking–Cleaning–Transitions
Community
• Life Skills–Safety–Leisure–Job –Shopping–Money management
Lunch room
Therapy
Classroom
Classroom
Computer
Computer
Recreation
Research
• Research began in the 1970s
• Focused on children with autism
• Dr. Tom Buggey
• Albert Bandura
Research
• Research indicates that VSM is an
effective means for :
–Improving academic skills and behaviors
–Generalize to other persons and setting
–Maintain for months
Baseline VSM Maintenance
David
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Days
Acquisition and MaintenanceDr. Tom Buggy
Research
• Research indicates that VSM is an
effective means for teaching :
• Behavioral functioning
• Social Communication Skills
• Functional skills
ResearchBandera 1997
The more similar somebody is to the model
he is watching, the more closely that person
will pay attention to the model (gender, age,
race, ability)
People are more likely to attempt a skill if they
feel confident they can do it.
ResearchiPod
• The Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions found that
teaching autistic students desired behaviors with
instructional demonstrations via the iPod, also known as
video modeling, improved their ability to move between
classrooms without wandering off or hitting each other. The
study found the iPod was optimal because video clips could
be easily repeated, widely distributed, and watched
anywhere.
Getting Started
• Video/Photo Release
• IEP
• Tools
• Methods/Procedures
Tools: Cameras
• Flip
• Cannon
• Nikon• Batteries – replaceable /rechargeable
• My priority is a camera with zoom
capabilities in video
Tools
• SD Cards
• USB card reader
• Cables (included)
• Tripod
Tools
• Computer
• Video editing software
• Video playback application
–TV/VCR/DVD/Smart board/iThings
–Audio Visual cable
Tools: Video Editing Software
• Windows Movie Maker
• Windows Live Movie Maker
• iMovies
• Roxio
• RCA Memory Manager
Windows Movie Maker
• Menu
• Import
• Edit
• Publish
• Timeline
Tools: Video Playback
• Windows Media player
• Quicktime Player
• RealPlayer
• Portable playback
• iThings/camera screen
Implementation Video Playback
• Prior to activity
• Designated time in class schedule
• As frequently as they want to view
• Mobile, on the fly
Planning Your Video
Video Prep
• Assessment
–Determine behavior to change
–Determine replacement behavior
Video Prep
• Skill developmentally appropriate
–Skill within child’s ability
–Slightly above function level
Video Prep
• Task analysis
• Develop storyboard and or script
Video Prep
• Imitation
• Role Playing (scripted)
• Peer model, hand and mouth models
• Short video clips vs. extended video
Hand Model
Video EditingUsing Windows Movie Maker
Windows Movie Maker
• PC• Start• Programs• Windows Movie Maker
Windows Movie Maker
• Menu
• Import
• Edit
• Publish
• Timeline
Windows Movie Maker
• Import
• Video
• Navigate
• Select
• Import
Windows Movie Maker
• Select videos
• View
• Drag to timeline
• Edit
– Crop/split
– Effects
– Transitions
– Title slides
Windows Movie Maker
• Edit
–Effects/Transitions/Title Slides
Windows Movie Maker
• Publish
• This
computer
• Browse to
file location
• Next
• Publish
File Formats
• .wmv – Window movie video
• .mov – Apple, Quicktime
• AVI – Audio Video Interleave
• Mp4 – lower quality (mobile technologies)
• Proprietary – RCA Memory Manager
Why Convert File Formats
• Loading video on other devices such as
an iTouch or iPad
• Using video in other programs such as
Clicker, Classroom Suite, Power Point,
My Own Bookshelf
• Save online videos for presentations
Video Converters
• Any Video Converter
http://www.any-video-converter.com/products/for_video_free/
• WinFX Video Converter http://download.cnet.com/WinFX-Free-Video-Converter/3000-2194_4-75211419.html
Any Video Converter
• Add video
• Select Profile
MP4
• Convert
• Stored in
Documents/Any
video
converter file
• Move file to
iTunes video http://www.any-video-converter.com/products/for_video_free/
Format for ITouch
• iTouch/iPhone 4th generation
– Video recorder
– Editing apps
• iTouch/iPhone 3rd generation (no video)
• Download free converter
– Any Video Converter
– Convert to mp4 movie
– Move to iTunes video
– Sync with iTouch
Beyond VSM
• Video modeling is a valuable tool for
self improvement
• Staff training
• Motivation tool
• Visual schedule
Beyond VSM
• Assessment and progress reporting
stored in the students digital
portfolio
Beyond VSM
• Many Ways to Use Flip Video in the
Classroom – Free Tech 4 Teachers,
Richard Bryne
–https://docs.google.com/present/v
iew?id=df6bwk2v_458hfn94kfd
Beyond VSM
• Insert video into other programs
–My Own Bookshelf (make a social
story)
–Classroom Suite
–PPT.
Beyond VSM
• Emailing larger files
–https://www.transferbigfiles.com/
iTouch Visual Video Schedule
Review/Questions
• Video modeling is being used to teach many skills and
behaviors by watching video demonstrations.
• It is being used to teach social skills, communication,
cognitive skills, self care and vocational skills.
• VSM provides only positive feedback that is viewed from
your camera screen, iPod or iPad, TV, computer, Smart
board.
Resources
• Jessica Roberts – Success Stories http://teacherslittlehelper.blog
spot.com/
• Tom Buggey, Ph.D. Seeing Is Believing
• www.siskinvsm.org Siskin Children’s Institute
• A Met-Analysis of Video Modeling and Video Self-Modeling
Interventions Scott Bellini; Jennifer Akullian Exceptional Children;
Spring 2007; 73, 3; Research Library pg. 264
• Storymovie (2007) Carol Gray and Mark Shelley
– 25 social stories on DVD, $150.
Resources• http://www.desktop-video-guide.com
Articles, reviews, tips and tricks on creating
videos, buying cameras and editing software
• Many Ways to Use Flip Video in the
Classroom – Free Tech 4 Teachers, Richard
Bryne
– https://docs.google.com/present/view?id
=df6bwk2v_458hfn94kfd
Web Resources(seen in videos)
• www.literactive.com
• www.helpkidzlearn.com
• www.abcya.com
It’s A W
rap
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