China's Industrial Revolution: 1949 to the Present by Stephen AndorsReview by: Donald S. ZagoriaForeign Affairs, Vol. 56, No. 1 (Oct., 1977), pp. 242-243Published by: Council on Foreign RelationsStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20039842 .

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242 FOREIGN AFFAIRS

IN THE DIRECTION OF THE GULF: THE SOVIET UNION AND THE PERSIAN GULF. By A. Yodfat and M. Abir. London: Cass, 1977, 167 pp. (Totowa, N.J.: Biblio, distributor, $19.50).

This book demonstrates the competence and thorough knowledge of the

published material one would expect from these authors and also the extraordi nary interest Israeli scholars have taken in Soviet policy and in making known to the West their views on the subject.

Asia and the Pacific Donald S. Zagoria

"TWO BILLION PEOPLE: A SURVEY OF ASIA." By Norman Macrae. London: The Economist, May 7, 1977.

The deputy editor of The Economist has written a stunning tour de force on Asian economic development. Its major theme is that, in the past decade and a

half, after many centuries during which the real problem of poverty in Asia has been rural underemployment, two different sorts of societies have begun to break through to creating full employment in the countryside. One of them is communist China, which has been following a policy which Macrae calls "rural Keynesianism." The others are "capitalist roaders" such as South Korea and Taiwan, following the trail blazed by Japan.

On the mostly authoritarian governments in Asia, Macrae has some heretical conclusions that will pain Western liberals and conservatives alike. Of the 16 non-communist governments in the area, he says, there are only two for which

he could in no circumstance vote. Of the seven communist countries in the area,

only two have a really rotten ruling system. Most Asian leaders, opines Macrae, are in politics because they have a genuine desire to see their peoples advance in income and happiness.

Although such a broad scope and such sweeping conclusions may bring upon him scholarly wrath, Macrae has done what desperately needed to be done ?to look upon East Asia as a whole, to identify the major problems and the most successful responses, and to put it all into an historical and cultural framework.

No one could fail to profit from this essay.

THE ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR IN ASIA. Edited by Yonosuke Nagai and Akira Iriye. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977, 448 pp. $20.00.

A useful collection of Japanese, British and American views on the genesis of the cold war in Asia. Among the most interesting essays are Nakajima's on the Sino-Soviet split, Slusser's on Soviet policy in Korea (which hypothesizes that Stalin aimed during World War II and immediately thereafter at obtaining a warm-water port on the Korean peninsula), and D. C. Watt's on British wartime

policy in the Far East. Watt describes the contempt with which Far Eastern

specialists in the British Foreign Office viewed American naivete. The British

presciently feared that American expectations for democracy in China would

eventually fuel cynicism and disillusionment great enough to overturn the course of events in the Far East. It could be argued that the United States had

similarly unrealistic expectations about other Asian countries and that these excessive expectations will fuel a new disillusionment with the American pres ence in Asia.

CHINA'S INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: 1949 TO THE PRESENT. By Ste

phen Andors. New York: Pantheon, 1977, 344 pp. $17.95 (Paper, $6.95) A substantial and original account of industrial organization in China which

is, however, seriously flawed by the author's ideological biases. Most questiona ble are his views that China has discovered a new path to modernization without

relying on a technocratic or bureaucratic elite and that China is the harbinger of

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RECENT BOOKS 243

a* "new global socialist civilization." In fact, since the end of the Cultural Revolution, as Andors himself makes clear, there has been "far greater stress

. . . on the importance of control, discipline and leadership, and much less

emphasis on worker innovation and spontaneity. It is also clear that the technical

personnel who had been so thoroughly criticized during the Cultural Revolution were once again wielding significant authority in many factories, and that great importance was placed on statistics, on efficient and productive quotas and

norms. . . . and on technical controls in general."

CHINA AFTER THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION. By J?rgen Domes. Berke

ley: University of California Press, 1977, 293 pp. $15.00. CHINESE POLITICS AND THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION. By Byung joon Ahn. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1977, 406 pp. $15.00. LAW AND POLITICS IN CHINA'S FOREIGN TRADE. Edited by Victor H. Li. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1977, 488 pp. $20.00.

Domes' book is a very competent analysis of Chinese politics between 1969 and 1973. Ahn focuses on the period between 1958 and 1966. Li's book consists of

papers presented at a conference in 1971, some of which have been updated to 1972 or 1973. But, as Li himself notes, some very important changes took place in

China's foreign trade patterns between 1973 and 1976. (For those developments the reader should see the annual survey of the Far Eastern Economic Review.)

CHINA'S ECONOMIC REVOLUTION. By Alexander Eckstein. New York:

Cambridge University Press, 1977, 340 pp. $19.95 (Paper, $6.95). The last work of a brilliant pioneer in the study of the Chinese economy.

Eckstein concludes that, barring a

repetition of the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, or similar inanities, China should be able to sustain a six

percent rate of growth to the end of this century. This would quadruple the

gross domestic product and make China one of the five largest economies in the world.

DIMENSIONS OF CHINA'S FOREIGN RELATIONS. Edited by Chun-tu Hsueh. New York: Praeger, 1977, 293 pp.

The two best essays in this uneven collection are A.M. Halpern on Sino

Japanese relations since normalization and Steven Levine on Soviet-American

rivalry in Manchuria between 1945 and 1949.

ECONOMIC GROWTH AND STRUCTURE IN THE REPUBLIC OF KO REA. By Paul W. Kuznets. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977, 238 pp. $16.50. KOREAN PHEONIX: A NATION FROM THE ASHES. By Michael Keon.

Englewood Cliffs (N.J.): Prentice-Hall, 1977, 234 pp. Kuznets is scholarly, cautious and detached. Keon is an Australian journalist

enraged at what he considers to be the superficial American reporting on South

Korea, and he has written a hard-hitting brief for the Park government which deserves to be widely read. He paints a vivid picture of the South Korean

president who sounds more like a puritan than a fascist and whose model seems to be the Meiji emperors of Japan, not Charles I. Kuznets, the son of the famous

development economist, points out that the South Korean growth rates under the present regime have been among the world's highest. Also, as others have

observed, growth in South Korea has been unusually equitable.

WITHDRAWAL OF U.S. TROOPS FROM KOREA? AEI Defense Review, No. 2. Washington: American Enterprise Institute, 1977, 28 pp. $1.50.

A good statement of the issues involved in the projected U.S. withdrawal from Korea. Senator George McGovern defends the policy; General Richard

Stilwell, recently retired as commander of the U.N. forces in Korea, presents the case for maintaining the status quo.

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