Child DevelopmentPhysical, Intellectual, Emotional,
and Social Changes from Conception to Age 3
Prenatal Health
• A mother’s lifestyle choices during pregnancy affect her child’s health and abilities for life.
• Healthful practices during pregnancy lead to healthy babies and healthy adults: exercise, regular sleep, doctor check-ups, good diet.
• No alcohol, drugs or tobaccowhich can lead to various developmental disorders.
Newborn – Birth to 2 Weeks
• Completely dependent on others for meeting its needs.
Newborn Needs• Sleep 16-20 hours, varying
degree of heaviness• Awake and alert 4-6 hours,
interacts with family http://vimeo.com/4383304 awake http://vimeo.com/670005 Stretch
• Cry 1-2 hours throughout day, Why? http://vimeo.com/3321770 crying
Newborn Needs Continued
• Feed 4-6 oz. breast milk or formula every 2-4 hours
• Change diapers every 2-4 hours• Bath every few days http://vimeo.com/4386973
https://vimeo.com/83432277 happy bath
Infants 2 Weeks to 1 Year
• Most rapid period of growth during life.• Care during first year can affect life long
health.
One Month
Six Months 12 Months
Infant Needs
• Sleep 10-12 hours and 1or 2 naps.• Only breast milk or formula first 4 months. • Food in small portions, soft mushy texture.
http://vimeo.com/5159583 spoon feeding
• People to “talk” to and play with. • Play – soft safe toys. Enjoy noises, textures,
colors and patterns. • “Child Proof” home.
Physical Development
• Triple birth weight by first birthday.• Ability to control body develops from torso to
limbs and from head to feet.• Body proportion different from
others: high body fat %, large head & torso, small limbs
Motor Development Milestones
• 2 months – lifts head with arms http://vimeo.com/34242099 lifts head
• 4 m. – roll from back to side http://vimeo.com/17778430
• 6 m. – sit without supporthttp://vimeo.com/9971273
• 7 m. – crawl http://vimeo.com/20205846 first crawl
http://vimeo.com/2336069 fast crawl
• 11 m. – walk http://vimeo.com/4085671 first walking
Infant Senses
• In Piaget’s sensorimotor stage children learn by exploring the world through their senses.
• Have fuzzy vision at birth.• Smell, touch, hearing,
and taste stronger senses.
• Baby exploring wax paper through senses: http://vimeo.com/9131327
Intellectual Changes
• At birth recognize mother’s voice and scent• By 4 m. understand object permanence
Piaget – objects do not disappear whenout of sight
• By 5 m. imitate adult facial expressions• By 8 m. improved understanding of gravity
http://vimeo.com/1670314 too many toys
• By 8 m. imitate adult actions on objectshttp://vimeo.com/932719 bead track
Intellectual Changes• By 9 m. grasp and manipulate objects in novel
ways. • By 10 m. recognize and imitate sounds of own
language http://vimeo.com/25369416 early sounds
• By 12 m. engage in intentional behaviors, begin categorizing objects. http://vimeo.com/19587555 wipes 1/2
Attachment - Bonding
• Erikson’s basic trust vs. mistrust• Critical for infant to bond with and form a
strong attachment to at least one adult in the first two months of life.
• By 6 months infants have a strong preference for mom.
• By 8 months begin to fear strangers.
Toddlers from 1 to 3
• Children from their first to their third birthday are called toddlers.
Kathleen and Calvin at 20 months.
Cognitive Changes from 1 to 2
• 18 m. use objects in novel ways, group objects, repeat behavior in different environments, more experimental play. http://vimeo.com/96471 (plays with dog) - http://vimeo.com/9764762 (toddlers play in tunnel), http://vimeo.com/9685720 cat
• 24 m. able to find lost object, puts objects into two groups, begin make believe play.
Beginning Language 1 to 2
• 15 m. begin making simple sounds in own language – mama, dada, ball, milk etc. http://vimeo.com/4139473 first words 1/2
• Enjoy songs and begin to imitate words. Twinkle twinkle little star http://vimeo.com/46198017
• By 24 m. can say between 60 – 400 words.• By 24 m. may say 2 word phrases
http://vimeo.com/9685428 Shovel
Physical Growth 1 to 2• By 14 m. can run and walk well. Can walk up
stairs with help. Scribbles. https://vimeo.com/110383760 scribbling http://vimeo.com/9945548 steps
• Can build tower with cubes.• Begin to feed self. http://vimeo.com/7156002 yogurt
• By 2 years can jump and climb well.http://vimeo.com/842646 jumping
Emotional Development 1 to 2• Self awareness and self recognition: 18 m.
recognizes self in picture or mirror, 24 m. can describe self as “little”, “boy”, “brown hair.”
• Desire for autonomy: want to complete tasks on own, stubborn, may have tantrums. http://vimeo.com/38038356 frustrated, http://vimeo.com/46678926 want s cookie,
Socialization from 1 to 2
• Socialization is the process by which children learn to interact with people in their culture.
• Family most important social group. http://vimeo.com/21425 love you siblings
• Piaget’s egocentric view on life (self-centered).• Enjoy repetition of behavior, copying others.
http://vimeo.com/911723 piano, http://vimeo.com/8636686 exercising
• Begin to imitate social behaviors of others. • Begin to play alongside and
with other children.http://vimeo.com/26141902 screaming http://vimeo.com/27990569 holding hands
Toddlers from 2 to 3
• Language and physical advancements make 2 year olds less like babies and more like children.
Daniel at Halloween 2010 2.1 years old
Physical Growth 2 to 3
• Overall growth rate slows down. Less body fat.
• Can run, kick, jump, and climb well.http://vimeo.com/818366 kicking ball
• Throws ball with poor accuracy.• Usually cannot catch ball.• Can feed self with minimal mess.• Needs help to get dressed.• May be toilet trained.
http://vimeo.com/32427770 potty incentive
Intellectual Development 2 to 3
• Imitate behaviors of older children ( Vygotsky, More Knowledgeable Other MKO).
• Can build puzzle of about 16 pieces.• Recognize and names colors, shapes.• Knows some numbers and letters.• Make believe play becomes more important.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QH2Uu_eqHtU Elmo Doctor
• Curious and interested in experimenting with objects. http://vimeo.com/165691 Stick
Language Development 2 to 3• By 30 m. saying new words daily, understands
words of other’s very well, may make frequent grammatical errors. http://vimeo.com/5135962 PB&J
• By 3 years, says up to 1000 words, 80% intelligible. http://vimeo.com/6216524 talking https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMxCemQVgSU mangos
• Enjoy listening to stories with simple language, bright colors and pictures. Helpsprepare children for learning to read.
• Enjoy songs
Emotional Development 2 to 3
• Need to be independent grows and may lead to frustration when not successful.
• Self regulation improves – ability to know what is right and wrong behavior and choose the right behavior. https://vimeo.com/810433 ask nicely
• Curiosity may be stronger than self regulation.
Socialization 2 to 3• Play may be rough. May still push and take
toys away from others. https://vimeo.com/1434042 robot
• Begin to understand social rules and roles.• Some desire to please adults. http://vimeo.com/348275 cinnamon
• Enjoys playing with other children and older siblings. https://vimeo.com/5078860 trucks http://vimeo.com/17461196 dinner
Review
• Any empty lines on handout? • More questions about newborns, infants or
toddlers?• First quiz will cover this information and
Theories of Development PowerPoint.• Notes will be checked and graded.
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