© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Lisa EdwardsSr. Program Manager, Nuclear Chemistry,
Radiation Safety, and HLW Programs
Wednesday, August 31, 2016
Chemistry & Radiation Safety
Action Plan Committee
Meeting
August 22, 2016
Pre Meeting Materials
2© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Antitrust Guidelines for EPRI
Meetings and Conferences
The antitrust laws and other business laws apply to EPRI, its Members, participants, funders, and advisers;
violations can lead to civil and criminal liability. EPRI is committed to both full compliance and maintaining the
highest ethical standards in all of our operations and activities.
These guidelines apply to all occasions: before, during, and after EPRI meetings, including in the hallways,
over lunch, during breaks and at dinner.
…is to conduct research and development relating to the generation, delivery
and use of electricity for the benefit of the public. EPRI advisory meetings are
conducted to further that purpose.
…is to follow the meeting agenda and provide advice on EPRI’s R&D program
and how to make EPRI results most useful. Consult with your company counsel if
at any time you believe discussions are touching on sensitive antitrust subjects
such as pricing, bids, allocation of customers or territories, boycotts, tying
arrangements and the like.
EPRI’S PRIMARY PURPOSE
YOUR ROLE AT EPRI
ADVISORY MEETINGS
3© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Antitrust Guidelines for EPRI
Meetings and Conferences (continued)
…pricing, production capacity, or cost information which is not publicly available;
confidential market strategies or business plans; or other competitively sensitive
information. Do not disparage suppliers and/or competitors of EPRI, technology
providers and/or EPRI Members and participants.
…the use of particular vendors, contractors or consultants for non-EPRI projects.
EPRI will not promote or endorse commercial products or services of third parties.
You must draw your own conclusions and make your own choices independently.
…in any discussions of goods and services offered in the market by others,
including your competitors, suppliers, and customers.
DO NOT DISCUSS
EPRI DOES NOT
RECOMMEND
BE ACCURATE, OBJECTIVE,
AND FACTUAL
4© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Antitrust Guidelines for EPRI
Meetings and Conferences (continued)
…to discriminate against or refuse to deal with (i.e., “boycott”) a supplier; or to do
business only on certain terms and conditions; or to set price, divide markets, or
allocate customers.
…or advise others on their business decisions, and do not discuss yours (except
to the extent that they are already public).
…for advice from your own legal department, if you have questions about any
aspect of these guidelines or about a particular situation or activity at EPRI; or
ask the responsible EPRI manager to contact EPRI’s Legal Department.
DO NOT AGREE WITH
OTHERS
DO NOT TRY TO
INFLUENCE
ASK
6© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Emergency Exits: Chamber Rms. 1- 4 (Mayor’s Suite Level)
NOTE: ALL
RED DOORSARE EMERGENCY
EXIT DOORS
CHAMBERS 1-4
2© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Emergency Exits: Crescent City BR (Mezzanine Level)
NOTE: ALL
RED DOORSARE EMERGENCY
EXIT DOORS
Crescent City Ballroom
(Lunch Location)
8© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chemistry and Radiation Safety Action Plan Committee Meeting
Wednesday, August 31 - Room Location: Chamber 2 & 4 (MSL)
Time Topic Lead
8:00 am Welcoming Remarks and Introductions D. Koehl, STP
8:05 amChemistry and Radiation Safety Program
Overview L. Edwards, EPRI
8:15 am Member Satisfaction Survey C. Olexik, EPRI
8:30 am
Chemistry and Radiation Safety TAC Report
• Chemistry
• Radiation Safety
J. Goldstein, Entergy
W. Harris, Exelon
9:45 am NEI Update E. Anderson, NEI
10:00 am Break
10:30 am KOH DiscussionL. Edwards
All
10:45 am Delivering the Nuclear PromiseL. Edwards
All
11:45 am Review of Actions/Recommendations for NPC D. Koehl, STP
12:00 pm Adjourn
© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Lisa Edwards
Senior Program Manager
Chemistry and Radiation Safety
Action Plan Committee Meeting
August 31, 2016
Program Overview Chemistry and Radiation
Safety
08/04/2016
2© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chemistry & Radiation Safety Technical Advisory Committee (TAC)
January/February: Technical Meeting
• Review Results of Previous Year’s Work
August/September: Business Meeting
• Review and Finalize Upcoming 2 Year Portfolio
• Make Recommendations to APC for Final Funding
Jeff Goldstein and Willie Harris will provide the TAC report to the Chemistry & Radiation
Safety APC on Wednesday morning
TAC Leadership (2016-2018)
TAC Chair: Jeff Goldstein, Entergy
Past Chair: Miguel Azar, Exelon
Vice-Chair: Willie Harris, Exelon
Meeting Objectives
APC Chair: Dennis Koehl, STP transitioning to Tim Powell in January
APC Vice- Chair: Kimberly Cook, Entergy
Senior Technical Advisor: Larry Haynes, Duke
3© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Member Satisfaction Survey
4© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2015 Nuclear Member Satisfaction Scores, By Area
≤86% 87%-90% ≥91%
Program AreaSurveyed
Co's
%
Response
Overall
Performance
Technical
Program
Value
Ease of
Doing
Business
Overall
SatisfactionTotal
Nuclear Sector Council 19/39 48.7% 94.4% 96.6% 81.1% 93.3% 91.3%
Materials Degradation / Aging 18/40 45.0% 91.5% 92.1% 84.2% 92.1% 90.0%
Fuel Reliability 15/40 37.5% 89.5% 91.4% 89.5% 89.5% 90.0%
Used Fuel and High-Level Waste
Management16/40 40.0% 96.8% 96.0% 90.5% 97.8% 95.3%
Nondestructive Evaluation 13/40 32.5% 90.0% 92.7% 81.8% 90.0% 88.6%
Equipment Reliability 30/40 75.0% 91.0% 91.2% 83.8% 90.7% 89.2%
Risk and Safety Management 16/40 40.0% 92.2% 94.4% 91.1% 91.1% 92.2%
Strategic Initiatives (ANT and LTO) 20/40 50.0% 95.0% 95.7% 90.7% 95.7% 94.2%
Chemistry and Radiation
Safety15/40 37.5% 94.4% 94.4% 88.8% 95.8% 93.3%
Total 92.3% 93.2% 86.1% 92.4% 91.0%
5© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Current Improvement Actions (Program)
Member Satisfaction – Chemistry & Radiation Safety ProgramFocus on Continuous Improvement
Program Results: 2014 2015
99%Overall Performance
Ease of Doing Business
Technical Program Value
Overall Satisfaction With EPRI
95%
94%
94%
88%
• Research/ Standardize Project Prioritization
• Research Focus Areas –• Added step to prioritization process to
request project ideas from members • Business case included where applicable• Executive Summary – quick reference for
key take-aways, target audience, where in the document to find critical information
• Emails sent when new reports are released• ADD: Quality Management Program• ADD: Target Cost Saving Projects
• Training
• New Advisor training every NPC• Include discussion of advisor roles in TAC• Develop overview of EPRI, place on
cockpit• Training RFA had very low prioritization
• Cockpits
• Feedback to sector level on search engine• Hands-on tour through the program
cockpits in August
99% 96%
98%
2015 Member Feedback (Program)• Members want products that are:
• Timely, detailed, and of high quality• Relevant to plant operation• Positive economic impact• Easily implementable
• Training:
• For new advisors• On how EPRI works & how to work with the
program
• Website/Cockpits:
• Easier Access• State-of-the-Art Search Engine
6© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Executive Summary Implementation
Objectives
Facilitate knowledge transfer
Get results to right people more quickly
Succinct
Consistent EPRI branding
Key Features
Consistent format and content
Key findings!
Directs readers to pertinent areas within the report
DOES NOT replace the Abstract, which is public facing Incorporated into deliverable templates and a stand-alone document
Important for Technology Transfer and Engagement!
7© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chemistry & Radiation Safety Base Funding
Expect base funding to be flat
for 2017 & 2018
– Includes special funds for
decommissioning
– $ for CWUG are included in
base funding for 2017 & 2018
Supplemental programs
enhance R&D scope
Future funding may change
from current $-
$0.500
$1.000
$1.500
$2.000
$2.500
$3.000
$3.500
$4.000
$4.500
2016 2017 2018
Fu
nd
ing
($M
)
Year
Chemistry and Radiation Safety Funding
Chemistry Base Radiation Safety Base Decommisioning Base
8© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
$-
$2.000
$4.000
$6.000
$8.000
$10.000
$12.000
2016 2017 2018
Fu
nd
ing
($M
)
Year
Chemistry and Radiation Safety Funding
Chemistry Base Radiation Safety Base
Decommisioning Base Decommissioning Supplemental
Technical Strategy Groups Leveraged
Supplemental Program Funders Technology Innovation
Strategic Gap Funds
Chemistry & Radiation Safety Overall Funding
Significant impact to research
portfolio due to
– Decommissioning
– Technical Strategy Groups
– Leveraged
– Program
– Technology Innovation
– Strategic Gap Funds
Supplemental programs
enhance R&D scope
Future funding may change
from current
9© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chuck Olexik, EPRI
Chemistry and Radiation Safety APC Meeting
August 31, 2016
Member Satisfaction
Survey
August 11, 2016
2© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Member Satisfaction - Background
EPRI has captured member satisfaction
feedback in various forms for many years
Current member satisfaction survey
adopted by Board in 2006
Results reviewed regularly with Board
– one of Corporate Performance Indices (CPIs)
Member feedback used to drive
continuous improvement across EPRI
Helps prioritize efforts
– focus on areas with greatest impact on
satisfaction
3© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Nuclear Member Satisfaction Survey Results
Overall Performance
Ease of Doing Business
Technical Program Value
Overall Satisfaction
2015 Results
2010-2015 Trend
92.3%
Overall
PerformanceEase of Doing
BusinessTechnical
Program Value
86.1%
93.2%
92.4%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
• Impact of research on improving my business
• The program's strategic priorities and directions
• Quality of research results
• Relevance of research carried out by the program
• Technical staff expertise
Top ranked aspects of EPRI Experience
Who completed the Survey
4© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Category Initiative Timeframe
Research and
Development
• Research Focus Areas
• Project Overview Forms
• Quality Management ProgramImplemented 2016
Tech Transfer
• Executive Summary
• Onsite EPRI updates/regional meetings
• International workshops
• International NPC
• Digital Strategy (ongoing)
Implemented 2016
Simplification
• On-line Pricing
• Invoice Review
• New Pricing Model
Implemented 2016
Website• New Search Engine
• Member Center ImprovementsImplemented 2016
Improvement Initiatives
Listening and Responding to the Feedback of our Members
5© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Digital Delivery Enhancements
Becomes
6© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Becomes
Digital Delivery Enhancements
7© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
New Search Engine
The search engine gets smarter over
time based on use.
It tracks what people search and where
they go with the results.
The more the search engine is used, the
faster it learns.
As it learns, features such as relevance
and search term recognition will
dramatically improve, and as a result
improve your search experience.
You make the search engine better by
using it!
8© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Survey instrument
Key components …
1. Who you arewithout a name and organization, we can’t
count your input!
2. Number of years you have been an Advisor
3. How we’re doing
4. How you assess EPRI value
5. Key improvement in ease of doing business
6. Value you have received from this Program
9© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Survey instrument
Key components
7. Rate each statement based on how
satisfied you are
8. Rank the top 5 statements as
indicated in the instructions
9. Would you recommend EPRI
10.If you are not satisfied with us in any
area, please tell us why
9
10
7
8
© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
11© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2015 Nuclear Member Satisfaction Scores, By Area≤86% 87%-90% ≥91%
Program AreaSurveyed
Co's% Response
Overall
Performance
Technical
Program Value
Ease of Doing
Business
Overall
SatisfactionTotal
Nuclear Sector Council 19/39 48.7% 94.4% 96.6% 81.1% 93.3% 91.3%
Materials Degradation / Aging 18/40 45.0% 91.5% 92.1% 84.2% 92.1% 90.0%
Fuel Reliability 15/40 37.5% 89.5% 91.4% 89.5% 89.5% 90.0%
Used Fuel and High-Level Waste Management 16/40 40.0% 96.8% 96.0% 90.5% 97.8% 95.3%
Nondestructive Evaluation 13/40 32.5% 90.0% 92.7% 81.8% 90.0% 88.6%
Equipment Reliability 30/40 75.0% 91.0% 91.2% 83.8% 90.7% 89.2%
Risk and Safety Management 16/40 40.0% 92.2% 94.4% 91.1% 91.1% 92.2%
Strategic Initiatives (ANT and LTO) 20/40 50.0% 95.0% 95.7% 90.7% 95.7% 94.2%
Chemistry, Low-Level Waste and Radiation
Management15/40 37.5% 94.4% 94.4% 88.8% 95.8% 93.3%
Total 92.3% 93.2% 86.1% 92.4% 91.0%
12© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Jeff Goldstein, Entergy
Chemistry and Radiation Safety APC Meeting
31 August 2016
Water Chemistry Program2017-2018 Work Plan Update
Submitted 15 August 2016, Rev. 1
2© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2017-2018 Water Chemistry PortfolioIncluding TSG and Non-Chemistry Program Funded Work
Chemistry Guidance (Guidelines,
Sourcebooks)
PWR Secondary Chemistry Guidelines Revision 8
(2015-2017)
Revision to the Condensate Polishing Guidelines
(2016-2018)
BWR Water Chemistry Guidelines Rev. 8
(2018-2019)*
Open Cooling Water Guidelines Review (2017)*
Risk Informed Chemistry Control (2017-2018)*
Chemistry Control for Flexible Power Operation
(2015-2018)
Chemical Mitigation
Effect of Amine Decomposition Products on
Crack Growth Rates (2017-2019)*
Hydrazine Alternatives: Demo (2018-2019)*
Qualification of KOH for Plant Trial (2017)*
Li-7 Recovery Technology (2015-2017)
Hydrazine Alternatives: Current Tech Assessment
(2016-2017)
Management of Corrosion Product
Deposition and Transport
PWR Secondary Side Filming Amine (FA)
Application (2016-2017)
Dispersants: SG Deposit Evaluation (2017-2018)*
Filming Amine Qualification Testing (2018-2019)*
Impact of Fuel Materials Changes
(2018-2019)*
Radioactivity Generation and
Control (Source Term Reduction)
Micro-Environment Effects(2015-2017)
Surface Passivation of Primary Components
(2015-2018)
Hydrophobic Coatings for Contamination Control in
NPP (2016-2017)
Behavior of Ag and Sb(2016-2018)
Optimization of Zinc for Benefits and Cost
(2018-2019)*
Davis-Besse Gamma Scan Following Zinc (-2017)
Chemistry Monitoring and Control
On-Line Monitoring of Anions
(2016-2017)
On-Line Iron Analysis: Demo (2018)*
On-Line Iron Analysis: Tech Assessment (2016-2017)
Modeling of Multiple Alkali Chemistry (KOH)
(2016-2017)
Evaluation of Optimized Sample Frequency
(2015-2017)
Silica Quantification in BWRs: Demo (2015-2017)
Base Funded Work Base Fund with Modification New* TSG Funding Other Funding
Near-term Cost Savings
Longer-term Cost Savings
3© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Near Term Cost Saving Work
4© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Risk Informed Water Chemistry ControlGuidance for Short Term Operation (STO) and Economic Constraints
Current water chemistry control guidance based on:– Base load, full power operation
– Long Term Operation (LTO)
What if operation for an additional 20 years isn’t an objective?– How should a plant operate if they know they will
shutdown in 2 years?
Could costs be reduced with alternate chemistry control under prerogative of STO or economic hardship?
What does guidance for Short Term Operation (STO) look like?
D. Wells
5© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Objectives
– Provide a technical evaluation of chemistry control areas where risk and economics can be considered
– Support ‘Delivering the Nuclear Promise’ (DNP) initiatives through evaluation of flexibility in chemistry control
– Support plants that have changed from LTO to STO and want to manage cost going into decommissioning
Risk Informed Water Chemistry Control
Scope of Work
– Evaluate chemistry control guidance (technical basis) for potential modifications when risk, economics, and time till shutdown are considered
Chemistry holds, sampling frequency, analysis type, chemical additions, etc.
– Evaluate the impact of applying advanced analysis/sampling technologies
Evaluate the potential savings (and cost) associated of online monitoring technologies
What technologies (which analysis) will have the largest impact on plant economics
– Evaluate for plants heading to decommissioning
Can or should they sell equipment and consumables?
Can or should they run systems to empty
system shutting down…
STO = short term operation
6© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Risk Informed Water Chemistry ControlConsideration of Cost Minimization and Time till Shutdown
Careful, detailed evaluation of the risk
associated with not meeting current chemistry
control programs, systems, monitoring can
help utilities meet economic demands and
reduce cost
Industry Use and Schedule
PWR Chemistry TSG started work in 2015 on
evaluating sample frequency and potentials
for reduced frequencies – this will be
leveraged
2017 will focus on BWR in order to provide
input to Guideline revision starting in 2018
and current round of plant closures
Without a revision of PWR Primary or
Secondary, information could be used to
support any necessary Guideline deviations
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2017-2018 (20 mo.)
7© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Demonstration of Enhanced Online Monitoring of
Anionic Species in BWRs and PWRs (2016-2017 Project)Background/Need
Chemistry Guidelines now require more frequent analysis of ionic
species such as chloride and sulfate
Current grab sampling process increases technician radiation dose
and the potential for sample contamination
Current analytical techniques are time consuming…many require
hours for results
Accuracy and precision of current techniques is limited for some
water streams (sub-ppb concentrations difficult to attain)
Project Objectives
•Provide more immediate indication of out-of-specification conditions
or adverse trends, allowing for more timely corrective actions
•Improve the accuracy and precision of results
•Maintain ALARA goals and optimize chemistry technician workloads
Lab on a Chip
S. Garcia
8© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Demonstration of Enhanced Online Monitoring of Anionic
Species in BWRs and PWRs (2016-2017 Project)
Workscope
1. Select analytical technique from current 2015 base-funded Chemistry Project
2. Identify host plant site(s) for demonstrations
3. Develop test matrix
4. Coordinate and support plant demonstration(s)
5. Compile Technical Report of results
Benefits
•Allows for rapid identification of adverse trends and rapid response for water treatment or
system isolation
•Potentially improve precision of analytical results using an on-line method that eliminates
sample handling, sample contamination and reduces technician exposure
Schedule
2016 -2017 Project
9© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Online Iron AnalysisAn Assessment of Possible Technologies (TSG), In-Plant Demonstration (Base)
Description & Objectives
Measurement of feedwater iron is required for all BWRs and
PWRs (secondary)
Currently, plants manually collect corrosion product filters from
an integrated feedwater sampler, and then have those filters
analyzed
– Current analytical techniques are time consuming
Online measurement could significantly reduce resources
Two Phase Project
– Phase 1: Comprehensive technology assessment of online iron
analyses technologies (2016-2017 PWR TSG Project)
– Phase 2: Perform field trial to compare current technology with most
promising on-line monitoring technology (this project, 2018-2019)
S. Choi
10© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Applicable for all power plants
(PWRs, BWRs, and Fossil
Units)
Online Iron AnalysisAn Assessment of Possible Technologies (TSG), In-Plant Demonstration (Base)
Online measurements
– Save personnel time and cost
– Provides for more actionable
measurements
A successful plant demonstration will
allow utilities to realize these benefits
and provide technical data to support
replacement of integrated sampling
with online measurements
Global Applicability
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2018-2019 (18 mo.)
11© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Long Term Cost Saving Work
12© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Corrosion Product Mitigation Technologies
Fe2+
Filming Amine (FA) Technology
N
H HCH
N
H HCH
N
H HCH
N
H HCH
N
H HCH
N
H HCH
N
H HCH
N
H HCH
N
H HCH
N
H HCH
N
H HCH
N
H HCH
Full Secondary System
H2O
Base Metal
CS, SS, Ni-based alloys
coolant Fe2+X
loosely adherent Fe deposits
Dispersant (PAA) Technology
SGBalance of Plant
FexOyFexOy
13© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of Dispersant Impacts on Steam Generator Tube Deposits
Background & Objective
Issue
– Significant benefit in reducing SG fouling rate, but effect
on plant-specific SG thermal performance is not well
understood.
Action
– A careful assessment of SG deposit characteristics,
deposit spatial profiles, and cumulative PAA exposure
Goals
– Confirmatory evidence that interactions between PAA and
SG tube deposits lead to partial removal of SG deposits.
– Greater insight concerning the relationship between PAA
exposure and changes in deposit properties and SG
thermal performance trends.
– Added input to plant-specific SG deposit management
strategies. -40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
McGuire 2(LTT - 1 yr)
Byron 1(4.9 yrs)
Byron 2(3.7 yrs)
Braidwood 1(4.5 yrs)
Braidwood 2(3.5 yrs)
STP 1(2.7 yrs)
STP 2(2.4 yrs)
Ginna(1.7 yrs)
Estim
ate
d P
AA
Effe
ct o
n S
G F
ou
ling
Fa
cto
r(µ
h-f
t2-F
/Btu
)
Max Change
Change as of Most Recent Data
(0) (0)(0)(0) (0)(0)
~ 4 psi
(28 kPa)
increase
~ 4 psi
(28 kPa)
decrease
~ 4 psi
(28 kPa)
increase
~ 1 psi
(7 kPa)
increase
< 1 psi
(< 7 kPa)
decrease
~ 1 psi
(7 kPa)
increase
Lower is
Better
K. Fruzzetti
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
McGuire 2(LTT - 1 yr)
Byron 1(4.8 yrs)
Byron 2(3.5 yrs)
Braidwood 1(4.4 yrs)
Braidwood 2(3.4 yrs)
STP 1(2.8 yrs)
STP 2(2.5 yrs)
Ginna(1.7 yrs)
Ste
ad
y S
tate
Blo
wd
ow
n I
ron
Re
mo
va
l Eff
icie
ncy
Before PAA
With Online PAA
Not
eval.
Blowdown Removal Efficiency
SG Fouling Factor Analysis
Higher is
Better
14© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of Dispersant Impacts on Steam Generator Tube Deposits
Project Approach
– Optical microscopy of tube scale samples to identify any changes in physical properties
that might be associated with PAA exposure
– Analysis of routinely collected low-frequency eddy-current signals (to evaluate any change in
SG tube deposit spatial distribution with PAA exposure)
– Calculations of the integrated PAA exposure (to understand impacts of time
and concentration)
– Quantification of the total blowdown iron oxide mass removals (to estimate
removal from SG tubes)
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2017-2018 (20 mo.)
Approved for 2017 funding in 2016-2017 Portfolio
Value: Provide improved prediction of PAA impact on SG thermal
performance to guide plant-specific SG management strategies
15© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
PWR Filming Amine Qualification TestingFollow on to 2015-2017 Scoping and Plan Development
Description & Objectives
Filming amines have been applied at fossil plants for over 25
years as a means of protecting carbon and low alloy steel
components, especially during periods of long layup
Recently, a filming amine has been applied at the Almaraz
Nuclear Power Plant in Spain and tested at Embalse in Argentina
S. Choi
Condenser Hotwell Inspection
Condenser Hotwell (close-up view)
Phase 1: Scoping and Plan Development
•Funded project
•2015-2017
Phase 2: Qualification Testing
•Current Proposal
•2018-2019
Phase 3: Plant Demo
•Future proposal if promising
• Identify 3-5 candidate
materials*
• Develop qualification
program
*Collaborative license agreement with AREVA Gmbh
16© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
PWR Filming Amine Qualification Testing2018-2019 Project
Phase 2 Objectives
Complete technical tasks in preparation for conducting a plant trial to demonstration safe use of the FA on the PWR secondary system
Phase 2 Scope: Qualification Testing
Identify a (1) commercial FA for qualification testing and eventual plant trial
– Based on selection criteria: state of commercialization, existing qualification work, similarity to other molecules, etc.
Complete qualification testing
– Purity, Stability, Efficacy, Material Compatibility, Effects on Chemistry, Thermal Performance, Effects on Flow Measurement Device
Qualify a new technology, FAs, to aid in minimizing release, generation, and accumulation of corrosion products in PWR steam generators
Assist utilities for generation of a generic 50.59 safety evaluation
Global Applicability
– Applicable for global PWRs and fossil units
– An active collaboration is under development with COG
– Working on potential collaboration from MAI
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2018-2019 (18 mo.)
Approved co-funding with SGMP (2018) and Potential Generation being evaluated
17© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Plan for Full Qualification of KOH – Shortest Timeline
“Plan A” (Reasonably Conservative)• Detailed project scopes developed for each technical item• 8 – 10 years• $8M - $10M
What is truly
necessary in the
face of no Li
availability?
“Plan B”
Phase 1: Qualification ahead of the PWR plant trial
Phase 2: PWR plant trial
Start of Phase 2
18© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Next Step for KOH Qualification: Investigate a “Plan B”
Can we eliminate CGR Testing?
Can we reduce the time/scope of initiation testing?
Motivation/Scenario
• All Li-7 supply is gone.
• Operate plant with
alternate pH control
chemistry, or shutdown.
• What is the absolute
minimum to have been
completed to allow
operation with KOH?
“Plan B” Effort
• Work directly with a
utility willing to consider
this premise.
• Include 3 – 5 utility
experts
• Requires executive
level input.
Can we eliminate these evaluations from the qualification
process, and simply evaluate as part of the trial application?
Work with fuel vendors to define acceptable risks
19© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2017-2018 Water Chemistry PortfolioIncluding TSG and Non-Chemistry Program Funded Work
Chemistry Guidance (Guidelines,
Sourcebooks)
PWR Secondary Chemistry Guidelines Revision 8
(2015-2017)
Revision to the Condensate Polishing Guidelines
(2016-2018)
BWR Water Chemistry Guidelines Rev. 8
(2018-2019)*
Open Cooling Water Guidelines Review (2017)*
Risk Informed Chemistry Control (2017-2018)*
Chemistry Control for Flexible Power Operation
(2015-2018)
Chemical Mitigation
Effect of Amine Decomposition Products on
Crack Growth Rates (2017-2019)*
Hydrazine Alternatives: Demo (2018-2019)*
Qualification of KOH for Plant Trial (2017)*
Li-7 Recovery Technology (2015-2017)
Hydrazine Alternatives: Current Tech Assessment
(2016-2017)
Management of Corrosion Product
Deposition and Transport
PWR Secondary Side Filming Amine (FA)
Application (2016-2017)
Dispersants: SG Deposit Evaluation (2017-2018)*
Filming Amine Qualification Testing (2018-2019)*
Impact of Fuel Materials Changes
(2018-2019)*
Radioactivity Generation and
Control (Source Term Reduction)
Micro-Environment Effects(2015-2017)
Surface Passivation of Primary Components
(2015-2018)
Hydrophobic Coatings for Contamination Control in
NPP (2016-2017)
Behavior of Ag and Sb(2016-2018)
Optimization of Zinc for Benefits and Cost
(2018-2019)*
Davis-Besse Gamma Scan Following Zinc (-2017)
Chemistry Monitoring and Control
On-Line Monitoring of Anions
(2016-2017)
On-Line Iron Analysis: Demo (2018)*
On-Line Iron Analysis: Tech Assessment (2016-2017)
Modeling of Multiple Alkali Chemistry (KOH)
(2016-2017)
Evaluation of Optimized Sample Frequency
(2015-2017)
Silica Quantification in BWRs: Demo (2015-2017)
Base Funded Work Base Fund with Modification New* TSG Funding Other Funding
Near-term Cost Savings
Longer-term Cost Savings
Covered in
RS Slides
20© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
21© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
BACKUP SLIDES
22© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2017-2018 Water Chemistry Recommended Portfolio
Chemistry Guidance (Guidelines,
Sourcebooks)
PWR Secondary Chemistry Guidelines Revision 8
(2015-2017)
Revision to the Condensate Polishing Guidelines
(2016-2018)
BWR Water Chemistry Guidelines Rev. 8
(2018-2019)*
Open Cooling Water Guidelines Review (2017)*
Risk Informed Chemistry Control (2017-2018)*
Chemical Mitigation
Effect of Amine Decomposition Products on
Crack Growth Rates (2017-2019)*
Hydrazine Alternatives (2018-2019)*
Qualification of KOH for Plant Trial (2017)*
High-Concentration Dispersant Corrosion Testing
Management of Corrosion Product
Deposition and Transport
PWR Secondary Side Filming Amine (FA)
Application (2016-2017)
Dispersants: SG Deposit Evaluation (2017-2018)*
Filming Amine Qualification Testing (2018-2019)*
Impact of Fuel Materials Changes (2018-2019)*
Gap Assessment of Boric Acid and Silica
PWR Primary Crud Reaction Kinetics
Dispersants Beyond Secondary
Radioactivity Generation and
Control (Source Term Reduction)
Micro-Environment Effects(2015-2017)
Surface Passivation of Primary Components
(2015-2018)
Hydrophobic Coatings for Contamination Control in
NPP (2016-2017)
Behavior of Ag and Sb(2016-2018)
Optimization of Zinc for Benefits and Cost
(2018-2019)*
Impact of BWR Ultra-low Iron and Reducing Conditions
Chemistry Monitoring and Control
On-Line Monitoring of Anions (2016-2017)
On-Line Iron Analysis (2018)*
High Efficiency Purification Media
X-ray Fluorescence Analysis
Plant Experience with CoSeq®
Improve Quantification of Cobalt
Mean = 1.5 Mean = 1.7Mean = 1.7 Mean = 1.9 Mean = 2.0
Funded Work Unfunded Fund with Modification *new
23© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2017-2018 Prioritization Feedback BreakdownWater Chemistry Program
40 of 49 Respondents
(82%)
US or Non-US
US20 of 23 (87%)
Non-US20 of 26 (77%)
By Plant Type
PWR (PWR, PHWR, VVER) 23 of 26 (92%)
BWR7 of 10 (88%)
Both10 of 13 (77%)
59 Comments
24© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Incorporating Feedback and Industry Objectives into Portfolio
• Continues to be highest priority RFA
• Recommend to fund “Risk Informed Chemistry Control” Project
Chemistry Guidance (Guidelines, Sourcebooks)
• Significant change in priority; now high
• Fund highest priority work to balance with other objectives
Chemical Mitigation
• Consistently high priority
• Continue high priority technology evaluations
• Co-fund fuel materials project with RS
Management of Corrosion Product Deposition and Transport
• Significant change in priority from previous year
• Recommend reduction in scope where possible
Radioactivity Generation and Control (Source Term Reduction)
• Medium priority
• Opportunity to support utilities in DNP objectives
• Only fund online monitoring work
Chemistry Monitoring and Control
A significant shift in RFA priorities– Mainly reduced priority on
Source Term Reduction work
Aiding the industry in Delivering the Nuclear Promise– Opportunities for cost
saving technology from Chemistry are likely associated with sampling and analysis
Risk informed control
Online monitoring
25© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Proposed Base Program Funding Breakdown By RFA
Proposing a gradual transition away from previous prioritization to new prioritization
26© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2017 – 2018 Water Chemistry Budget and Funding Distribution
Funding of new projects based on completion of multi-year projects and current prioritization
Stable funding for long term, strategic projects
– Fundamentals
– Guidelines
– New and promising technologies
© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Willie Harris, Exelon
Chemistry and Radiation Safety APC Meeting
August 31, 2016
Radiation Safety Program2017-2018 Work Plan
APC Report
August 15, 2016
2© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radioactivity Generation and Control (Source
Term Reduction) Surface Passivation
(2015-2018)
Hydrophobic Coatings(2016-2017)
Micro-Environment Effect(2015-2017)
Silver and Antimony (2016-2018)
Optimized Zn(2018)*
PWR Shutdown Releases
RCP Practices during Shutdown
Impact of Flex Ops on Source Term
ALARA Strategies and Technologies
Source Term Decision Logic
(2017-2019)*
RMT for Surveys (2017)*
Review of Radiation Field Modeling
Radiation Measurement and Dosimetry
for Workers and Public
Accurate Effluent Public Dose (2015-2017)
Shielding Factors for Lens of the Eye (2017-2018)*
Ex-core Isotopic Monitoring Following Zn
Injection
HTD Radionuclides in Liquid Radwaste and
Effluents
Optimization of Source Checks for Portable
Instruments
Effluent and Radwaste
Minimization
Impacts to Effluents and Radwaste from Non-
Design Basis Materials (2017-2019)*
Fuel Material Changes on Radwaste and Corrosion Behavior (2018-2019)*
LLW Knowledge Transfer Database
GW Knowledge Transfer Database
Lesson Learned and Observations from GW
Assessments
Impact of Flex Ops on Effluents and Radwaste
Radiation Safety
Guidance
Review of Radiation Safety Guidelines for Revision (2016-2018)
PCE Guideline Revision (2017-2018)*
LLW Sampling and Characterization
Guideline Revision
GW Site Conceptual Model Template and
Sourcebook
Funded Work Fund with Modification * New TSG Funded Other Funded
2017-2018 Radiation Safety and Decommissioning PortfolioIncluding TSG and Non-Radiation Safety Program Funded Work
Longer-term Cost Savings
Near-term Cost Savings
3© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2017-2018 Radiation Safety and Decommissioning PortfolioIncluding TSG and Non-Radiation Safety Program Funded Work
Fundamental: Benchmarking and Trending
Standard Radiation Field Monitoring and Characterization (SRMC)
Program(ongoing)
RadBench™ (ongoing)
Low Dose Radiation Health
Effects
Scientific Advisory Committee (ongoing)
International Dose Effect Alliance (IDEA) (ongoing)
Human and Animal Data Analysis for Low Dose Rate Effects
(2017-2019)
Cancer Risk Modeling - Phase 1
(2018-2019)*
Decommissioning Technology and
Strategies
System Automation for Reactor Internals Segmentation
(2017-2019)
DOE Technology Development (2017-2018)
Decommissioning Experience Wiki (ongoing)
Guidance for Mothballing(2017-2019)*
Decommissioning Supplemental
Guidance for Safe Storage
Review of DOE Technologies
Review of Robotic and Automation Technologies
Characterization of HTM Activation Products in Irradiated Metals
Decommissioning Waste Tracking Software Specifications
Management of Hazardous Waste
Geostatistical Approaches to Site Characterization
GW Monitoring During Decommissioning
Use of CZT for Site Characterization
Funded Work Supplemental Funding * New
Longer-term Cost Savings
Near-term Cost Savings
4© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Near Term Cost Savings Projects
5© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Hydrophobic Coatings - Reduce Contamination/Worker Dose
Key Research Question:
Can commercial hydrophobic coatings assist in
decontamination control and dose reduction? Does their degradation introduce detrimental species?
What is their durability?
How effective are they?
Can a standard qualification protocol
be developed?
What are reasonable criteria?
Project Approach:1) Survey globally nuclear and non-nuclear industry – best practices
and utilized hydrophobic coatings. Review chemical and physical
surface modification treatments and technologies for
a. Durability of hydrophobicity,
b. Release of potential detrimental species,
c. Compatibility with materials of construction.
2) Create a state-of-the-art knowledge base
3) Identify gaps and opportunities.
4) Conduct demonstration under plant-like conditions.
5) Develop criteria for plant demonstration, verification and
validation.
Objective:
Assess hydrophobic coatings effectiveness
and durability
Evaluate formation/release of species
detrimental to asset protection and fuel
reliability
Develop criteria of performance
acceptance
Value:
Assist plants in coatings selection
Improve contamination control –
fewer PCEs and lower dose
Saves cost – reduces
qualification testing
decontamination and
contamination control efforts
Particulate Surface Contamination Causes Radiation Fields & PCE’s, i.e. Worker Dose
2016
2017
6© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Updated Evaluation of the Effect of Zinc
Background:
– EPRI published 1021111, “PWR Zinc Application: Data Analysis
and Evaluation of Primary Chemistry Responses” in 2010
– Since 2009, 30 additional PWRs have started zinc injection.
– The project will evaluate the new experiences along with changes in
practices such as:
Optimized injection programs
Varying experience with end-of-cycle injection termination
Purpose:
– The results of this project will refine the industries’ understanding of how
zinc affects primary system chemistry, and will allow optimization of zinc
programs to achieve maximum benefit with minimal risk.
J. McElrath
7© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Updated Evaluation of the Effect of Zinc
Research Value:
This project will provide utilities with information to better optimize the zinc
injection regime and to better predict plant behavior when implementing and
continuing zinc injection (i.e., both long and short term), including:
– Estimating impact upon radiation fields
– Estimating impact upon PWSCC mitigation
– Assess concerns such as release of nickel, increased radiocobalt
concentrations, shutdown cobalt releases, etc.
– Assess potential causes for dose rates reduction outliers
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2017-2018 (18 mo.)
8© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Optimization of the Frequency of Source Checks of
Portable Radiation Survey Instruments
Objectives:
– Determine if a technical basis can
be developed to optimize the
frequency of portable radiation
survey meter source checks.
– This technical basis will be based
on review of:
Existing standards / guidance
Current practices - meter testing,
maintenance, and calibration
Operational performance history
and maintenance logs.
Project Tasks:
– Review regulations and guidance
documents.
– Develop data collection protocol
– Collect utility data
An ion chamber survey meter
Provide a summary report of the
results of the data collection.
– Provide recommendations and
develop technical basis to support
the optimized frequency of source
checks.
Need Help
K. Kim
9© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Remote Monitoring for Routine Surveys
Background:– Member feedback suggests that developing a basis document for
using remote monitoring equipment to reduce or eliminate certain
types of routine surveys could be a significant efficiency.
– EPRI started initial examination of issues in 2007.
– Significant technological advancements have occurred.
– Technical and regulatory hurdles need to be addressed.
Instrument checks and calibration
Area of validity
Transients
D. Cool & K. Kim
10© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Value for Remote Monitoring
Approach:– Brainstorming during 2016 RMT Workshop
– Initial development with RMST TSG
– Base and TSG support proposed for 2017
Research Value:– Answer the question of if, and when, remote monitoring can be used to reduce routine
surveys
– Improve radiation protection operational efficiency and reduce occupational exposures
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2016-2018 (18 mo.)
Develop basis to reduce routine monitoring, increase efficiency, reduce dose
11© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Shielding Factors of Protective Equipment for Lens of the Eye
Background:– Global Issue, Right Now
– Follow on to EPRI work on Lens of the Eye.
– EPRI Lens of Eye Workshop identified need for efforts in area.
– There is no methodology or quantification of protection factors for typical protective equipment used by workers in member facilities
– There are no standard phantoms or calibration protocols available, although progress is being made.
Purpose:– Develop and document a consistent approach for testing of equipment
for protection of the lens of the eye for use by industry and vendors.
– Provide a generic set of protection factors for use in planning and implementing radiation protection for lens of the eye.
D. Cool
12© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Value of Shielding Factors
Research Value:– Provide tools and methodologies for the industry to meet new
regulatory requirements
– Consistent approach facilitates acceptance and use
– Provide a generic set of factors for protection of the lens of the eye
that could be used in a manner similar to the protection factors
found in regulations for respiratory protection.
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2017-2018 (24 mo.)
Develop consistent approach to address Global Issue
13© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
PCE Guidelines Update
Background:– The EPRI Guidelines for Industry Response to Personal
Contaminations (Product 1011740) as last revised in
November, 2005.
– The Guidelines are a key piece of implementing an effective and protective radiation
protection program.
– Requests to assess action levels, measurement locations, further actions for facial
and wound contamination, communication of risk.
– NRC concern that the EPRI guidelines might have mischaracterized NRC
requirements1.
– A Delivering the Nuclear Promise Efficiency Bulletin2 has resulted in additional focus
on use of the guidelines.
D. Cool
1 ADAMS ML15187A388
2 NEI Efficiency Bulletin 16-03, Align Personnel Contamination
Event Response to Industry Guidance, February 2, 2016
14© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Value of PCE Guidelines Update
Approach– Short term action to address NRC concern
– Working Group to develop revision
Research Value:
– Guidance clearly consistent with regulatory requirements and
interpretations
– Clarification of special issues not previously addressed
– Communication tools for sensitive public and worker topics
– Availability of OE and Lessons Learned on prevention, mitigation,
and response
– Increase efficiency, reduce cost while maintaining safety
Up to date guidelines address issues, facilitate communications
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2017-2018 (24 mo.)
15© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Decommissioning Database (2016 to 2018)
A wealth of experience is available from completed and ongoing decommissioning projects
Experience largely captured in more than 35 EPRI reports
There is a need for a searchable database for decommissioning experience covering all areas (planning, execution, site characterization and release)
Began development of Wiki-format database in 2016
– Include EPRI data and other data sources
– Database roll out in 2016
– Adding functionality and content in 2017 and 2018
R. Reid
Proposed Duration and Timing: ongoing
16© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
NEI Update - APC
Ellen AndersonDirector, Radiation Safety &
International LiaisonEPRI APC Meeting
31 August 2016 New Orleans, LA
1
Topics
• Low Dose Radiation Act
• DNP
• Prompt Remediation
• EPA PAGS for Drinking Water After a Radiological Incident
2
Low Dose Radiation Research 18-month Program
• (A) identify current scientific challenges for understanding the long-term effects of ionizing radiation;
• (B) assess the status of current low dose radiation research in the United States and internationally;
• (C) formulate overall scientific goals for the future of low-dose radiation research in the United States;
• (D) recommend a long-term strategic and prioritized research agenda to address scientific research goals for overcoming the identified scientific challenges in coordination with other research efforts;
• (E) define the essential components of a research program that would address this research agenda within the universities and the National Laboratories; and
• (F) assess the cost-benefit effectiveness of such a program.
3
DNP
• 4 RP Efficiency Bulletins (EB) published
• 6 EBs under development
- EPRI currently assisting with technical basis for IO RP-8 “Source Check Frequency for Field Instruments”
• More EBs and opportunities for EPRI assistance in the months to come…
4
Background: Prompt Remediation
• Outgrowth of 2013 Decommissioning Planning Rule (DPR) which added:
- Minimization of contamination -- added language to §20.1406(c)
- Site surveys and monitoring - Modified §20.1501(a) regarding subsurface surveys
- Retention of records of residual radioactivity and other surveys -- section §20.1501(b)
- Update financial assurances
5
Prompt Remediation Draft Technical Basis Is Inadequate
• Neither 2011 or 2013 Versions of Draft Technical Basis Support Rulemaking:
- Assumes Rulemaking is Needed
- Fails to Identify a Generic Issue; Lacked Specificity on Safety Issue
- Fails to Adequately Address Backfit Implications
• NEI Letters Document Industry’s Opposition
- Sept 16, 2011 & Aug 2, 2013
6
Prompt Remediation in 2016
• In 2013 NRC Commission directed Staff to obtain data for two years on effectiveness of DPR
• FRN published on July 6th seeking comments
• Industry will response as in 2013: No regulation needed
- Firmly Committed to Planning, Funding and Conducting Safe and Efficient Facility Decommissioning
- NRC Regulations Contain Appropriate Requirements to Prevent Legacy Sites
- Industry Continues Groundwater Protection Initiative
• Objective 1.4.a requires procedure to assess prompt remediation
7
Groundwater Protection Initiative & NRC Review
NEI 07-07 Criteria 1.4:
Establish remediation protocol to prevent migration of licensed material off-site and minimize decommissioning impacts
• Establish written procedures outlining the decision making process for remediation of leaks and spills or other instances of inadvertent releases.
NRC TI 2515/173: evaluated adherence to NEI 07-07
NRC memo 4/14/2011: Roll-up Results of TI ”Follow-up on the Industry’s Groundwater Protection Initiative” documented that all but one site met this criteria and that this site was addressing the issue.
8
EPRI’s Projects & Products
• Provide technical guidance on implementation of groundwater protection and remediation programs. - Groundwater Protection Guidelines for Nuclear Power Plants, Revision 1
(3002000546) and
- Soil and Groundwater Remediation Guidelines for Nuclear Power Plants(1021104)
• Perform groundwater protection assessments
• Investigate groundwater monitoring and remediation technologies for use at nuclear power plants.
9
EPA Draft PAG for Drinking Water After a Radiological Accident - 2013
• 2013 EPA published interim “Protective Action Guides and Planning Guidance for Radiological Incidents” (2013 Interim PAG Manual)• drinking water PAGS based upon the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR) per
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).
• 4 mrem/yr and lifetime exposure criteria of 70 years of continued exposure
• In light of the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident “…the Agency recognizes a short-term emergency drinking water guide may by useful for public health protection”• Industry/NEI comments on 2013 draft echoed the same rationale
10
EPA Draft PAG for Drinking Water - 2016EPA proposed revision -- 81 Fed. Reg. 37,589 (June 10, 2016)
• Two-tier drinking water PAG to be used during the intermediate phase of emergencies • 500 millirem/year (5 mSv/yr) projected dose for the general population (i.e., anyone over 15
years old,
• 100 millirem/year (1 mSv/yr) projected dose for children under the age of 15, pregnant women and nursing mothers
• NEI July 25, 2016 letter:• Acknowledges improvement over original 2013 draft
• Suggest setting a range of 2-10 rem per for all anticipated pathways of exposure (inclusive of consumption of food or drinking water)
• Consistent with ICRP Publications 103 & 37
11
Conclusions
• Low Dose Research: Congratulations and thanks to EPRI for assistance on this important legislation!
• DNP: Industry will continue to rely on EPRI for technical assistance relating to DNP improvement opportunities;
• Prompt Remediation: Industry/NEI continues to Recommend Withdrawal of Prompt Remediation Rulemaking;
• EPA PAGS: Industry/NEI continues to suggest setting a range of 2-10 rem per for all anticipated pathways of exposure (inclusive of consumption of food or drinking water).
12
Questions
13
© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Lisa Edwards, Sr. Program Manager
Chemistry and Radiation Safety APC Meeting
31 August 2016
Li-7 Usage, Supply,
Recovery and
Alternatives (KOH)Status Update
Submitted 11 August 2016
2© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Li-7 for PWR Primary pH Control
The Threat: Li-7 Supply
– Some utilities were challenged to procure Li-7
in 2015
Production now back up in China and
Russia
Supply is back, but at increased price
Dependability of current supply routes
unknown
– Molten salt reactors would
greatly increase demand
– Operational considerations
Flex power ops
GREATLY increases
Li-7 demand
– Growing PWR fleet
Molten Salt Reactor (LiF-BeF2-ThF4-UF4)
Approximately 26,500 kg LiOH•H2O / yr / unit *
More Li-7 than would be used by 750 PWRs
* Based on information from: Engel, J.R. et al., “Molten-Salt Reactors for Efficient
Nuclear Fuel Utilization Without Plutonium Separation”, ORNL/TM-6413, Aug
1978. Basis: 1000 MWe.**Source: IAEA PRIS Database. Updated 29 Sept 2015
**
3© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Two Paths to Maintaining pH Control Capabilities
Stay with Li-7 Qualify KOH
Optimized
UsageLi-7
Recovery
Alternative
Enrichment
Processes
Stockpile
How long would stockpiles last, if usage is optimized? Is FULL qualification necessary if there is no supply?
Higher upfront research costs, Lower operational costsLower upfront research costs, Higher operational costs
Materials
Chemistry
Control
Fuels
Radiation
Safety
4© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
L-7 Stockpiles
US Department of Energy (DOE)– 500 kg as LiOH
Partially purified
– Approximately enough for 28 PWR operating cycles (does not include that necessary for CVCS bed lithiation)
– Contains 3100 ppm SO4
DOE understands this is unacceptable
DOE is considering means for purification
– NEI will prepare process for dissemination
Utility Stockpiles– May provide some flexibility in supply
– Cost approaching $2,500/kg
5© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Benefits of KOH
Lower Operational Costs
– LiOH•H2O: Approximately $2,500/kg
– KOH: Approximately $25/kg (Reagent Grade)
– Standard vs Lithium saturated CVCS bed (approx. $300 vs $6000 per ft3)
– Estimated savings per yearEach PWR unit: $140kU.S. Fleet (65 PWR units): $9.1M
May be more beneficial for Fuel
– Data indicates much lower corrosion rates
May mitigate IASCC* initiation (e.g. baffle-former bolts)
– Much lower lithium concentrations possible with KOH
*IASCC: Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking
10
100
1000
10000
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
Co
rro
sio
n R
ate
(mg/
dm
2)
Concentration of Cations (ppm)
Zircaloy 2
NaOH
LiOH
KOH
Co
rro
sio
n R
ate
(m
g/d
m2)
Corrosion Rate of
Zircaloy 2 at 360°C
Concentration of Cation (ppm)
H. Coriou, L. Grall, J. Neunier, M.
Pelras, and H. Willermoz, “The
Corrosion of Zircaloy in Various
Alkaline Media at High Temperature”,
Corrosion of Reactor Materials, Vol. II,
193, IAEA, Vienna (1962).
NaOH
LiOH
KOH
6© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Full Qualification Plan – Shortest Timeline
“Plan A” (Reasonably Conservative)• Detailed project scopes developed for each technical item• 8 – 10 years• $8M - $10M
What is truly
necessary in the
face of no Li
availability?
“Plan B”
Phase 1: Qualification ahead of the PWR plant trial
Phase 2: PWR plant trial
Start of Phase 2
7© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Qualification Plan – Next Step: Investigate a “Plan B”
Can we eliminate CGR Testing?
Can we reduce the time/scope of initiation testing?
Motivation/Scenario
• All Li-7 supply is gone.
• Operate plant with
alternate pH control
chemistry, or shutdown.
• What is the absolute
minimum to have been
completed to allow
operation with KOH?
“Plan B” Effort
• Work directly with a
utility willing to consider
this premise.
• Include 3 – 5 utility
experts
• Requires executive
level input.
Can we eliminate these evaluations from the qualification
process, and simply evaluate as part of the trial application?
Work with fuel vendors to define acceptable risks
8© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Questions Where We Need Help
How long will stockpiles last?
What does the emergency KOH plan “B” look like?
What is this APC’s position on pursuit of this work?
9© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Lisa Edwards, EPRI
Chemistry and Radiation Safety APC Meeting
August 31, 2016
Delivering the Nuclear Promise:
EPRI Balance Between
Strategic Research and Near
Cost Savings
August 11, 2016
2© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2017-2018 Water Chemistry PortfolioIncluding TSG and Non-Chemistry Program Funded Work
Chemistry Guidance (Guidelines,
Sourcebooks)
PWR Secondary Chemistry Guidelines Revision 8
(2015-2017)
Revision to the Condensate Polishing Guidelines
(2016-2018)
BWR Water Chemistry Guidelines Rev. 8
(2018-2019)*
Open Cooling Water Guidelines Review (2017)*
Risk Informed Chemistry Control (2017-2018)*
Chemistry Control for Flexible Power Operation
(2015-2018)
Chemical Mitigation
Effect of Amine Decomposition Products on
Crack Growth Rates (2017-2019)*
Hydrazine Alternatives: Demo (2018-2019)*
Qualification of KOH for Plant Trial (2017)*
Li-7 Recovery Technology (2015-2017)
Hydrazine Alternatives: Current Tech Assessment
(2016-2017)
Management of Corrosion Product
Deposition and Transport
PWR Secondary Side Filming Amine (FA)
Application (2016-2017)
Dispersants: SG Deposit Evaluation (2017-2018)*
Filming Amine Qualification Testing (2018-2019)*
Impact of Fuel Materials Changes
(2018-2019)*
Radioactivity Generation and
Control (Source Term Reduction)
Micro-Environment Effects(2015-2017)
Surface Passivation of Primary Components
(2015-2018)
Hydrophobic Coatings for Contamination Control in
NPP (2016-2017)
Behavior of Ag and Sb(2016-2018)
Optimization of Zinc for Benefits and Cost
(2018-2019)*
Davis-Besse Gamma Scan Following Zinc (-2017)
Chemistry Monitoring and Control
On-Line Monitoring of Anions
(2016-2017)
On-Line Iron Analysis: Demo (2018)*
On-Line Iron Analysis: Tech Assessment (2016-2017)
Modeling of Multiple Alkali Chemistry (KOH)
(2016-2017)
Evaluation of Optimized Sample Frequency
(2015-2017)
Silica Quantification in BWRs: Demo (2015-2017)
Base Funded Work Base Fund with Modification New* TSG Funding Other Funding
Near-Term Cost Savings
Longer-Term Cost Savings
3© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radioactivity Generation and Control (Source
Term Reduction) Surface Passivation
(2015-2018)
Hydrophobic Coatings(2016-2017)
Micro-Environment Effect(2015-2017)
Silver and Antimony (2016-2018)
Optimized Zn(2018)*
PWR Shutdown Releases
RCP Practices during Shutdown
Impact of Flex Ops on Source Term
ALARA Strategies and Technologies
Source Term Decision Logic
(2017-2019)*
Use of RMT for Reduced Survey Frequency
(2017)*
Review of Radiation Field Modeling
Radiation Measurement and Dosimetry
for Workers and Public
Accurate Effluent Public Dose (2015-2017)
Shielding Factors for Lens of the Eye (2017-2018)*
Ex-core Isotopic Monitoring Following Zn
Injection
HTD Radionuclides in Liquid Radwaste and
Effluents
Optimization of Source Checks for Portable
Instruments
Effluent and Radwaste
Minimization
Impacts to Effluents and Radwaste from Non-
Design Basis Materials (2017-2019)*
Fuel Material Changes on Radwaste and Corrosion Behavior (2018-2019)*
LLW Knowledge Transfer Database
GW Knowledge Transfer Database
Lesson Learned and Observations from GW
Assessments
Impact of Flex Ops on Effluents and Radwaste
Radiation Safety
Guidance
Review of Radiation Safety Guidelines for Revision (2016-2018)
PCE Guideline Revision (2017-2018)*
LLW Sampling and Characterization
Guideline Revision
GW Site Conceptual Model Template and
Sourcebook
Funded Work Fund with Modification * New TSG Funded Other Funded
2017-2018 Radiation Safety and Decommissioning PortfolioIncluding TSG and Non-Radiation Safety Program Funded Work
Longer-Term Cost Savings
Near-Term Cost Savings
4© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2017-2018 Radiation Safety and Decommissioning PortfolioIncluding TSG and Non-Radiation Safety Program Funded Work
Fundamental: Benchmarking and Trending
Standard Radiation Field Monitoring and Characterization (SRMC)
Program(ongoing)
RadBench™ (ongoing)
Low Dose Radiation Health
Effects
Scientific Advisory Committee (ongoing)
International Dose Effect Alliance (IDEA) (ongoing)
Human and Animal Data Analysis for Low Dose Rate Effects
(2017-2019)
Cancer Risk Modeling - Phase 1
(2018-2019)*
Decommissioning Technology and
Strategies
System Automation for Reactor Internals Segmentation
(2017-2019)
DOE Technology Development (2017-2018)
Decommissioning Experience Wiki (ongoing)
Guidance for Mothballing(2017-2019)*
Decommissioning Supplemental
Guidance for Safe Storage
Review of DOE Technologies
Review of Robotic and Automation Technologies
Characterization of HTM Activation Products in Irradiated Metals
Decommissioning Waste Tracking Software Specifications
Management of Hazardous Waste
Geostatistical Approaches to Site Characterization
GW Monitoring During Decommissioning
Use of CZT for Site Characterization
Funded Work Supplemental Funding * New
Longer-Term Cost Savings
Near-Term Cost Savings
5© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Top 10 Cost Savings Projects
Short Term Realization
Longer Term
Below the Line • KOH Qualification
• PCE Guidelines
• Source Check frequency for RP Instrumentation
• RMT to Reduce Routine Survey Frequency
• Shielding Factors for Lens of the Eye
• On Line Monitoring for Anions
• On Line Monitoring for Fe
• Risk Informed Chemistry Control
• Optimized Zinc
• On Line Monitoring for Chemistry
6© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
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