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Chapter 17 - Solubility and Complex-Ion Equilibria
1. Cation C and anion A form an ionic compound for whichKsp=s2, wheresis the molar
solubility of the ionic compound. Which of Figures IIII represent!s" possible results of the
mi#ing of an a$ueous solution containing cation C with an a$ueous solution containing
anion A%
A" only I
&" only IIIC" both I and III
'" both I and II(" only II
A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Write solubility product e#pressions. !(#ample 1/.1"-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ solubility product constant
5*C+ general chemistry
2. Cation C and anion A form an ionic compound for whichKsp= 6s7, wheresis the molar
solubility of the ionic compound. Which of Figures IIII represent!s" possible results of the
mi#ing of an a$ueous solution containing cation C with an a$ueous solution containing
anion A%
A" only III&" only II
C" both I and II
'" only I(" both I and III
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Write solubility product e#pressions. !(#ample 1/.1"
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-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ solubility product constant
5*C+ general chemistry
7. Which of the following particulate 8iews is9are consistent with a heterogeneous
e$uilibrium%
I II III
A" I only
&" II onlyC" III only
'" II and III
(" I, II, and III
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Write solubility product e#pressions. !(#ample 1/.1"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
6. What is the solubility product e#pression for Al!0:"7%
A" Ksp= ;Al7
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&" Ksp= ;7@n2
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(" Ksp= ;*n2
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A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.1
0&+ 'efine molar solubility. -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria3(4+ solubility product constant 5*C+ general chemistry
17. Figures IIE represent ionic compounds formed upon the mi#ing of an a$ueous solutioncontaining cation C with an a$ueous solution containing anion A. Identify the figure!s" that
represent!s" products for whichKsp= 1Ds>, wheresis the molar solubility of the ionic
compound.
A" only II
&" both I and IIC" only IE
'" only III
(" only I
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.1
0&+ 'efine molar solubility. -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ solubility product constant 5*C+ general chemistry
16. What is the relationship between molar solubility !s" andKspfor calcium fluoride%
A"
&"
C"
'"
("
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.1
0&+ 'efine molar solubility. -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria3(4+ solubility product constant 5*C+ general chemistry
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1>. What is the correct mathematical e#pression for finding the molar solubility !s" of *n!0:"2%
A" 2s7=Ksp&" 6s7=KspC" 1Ds>=Ksp'" 2s2=Ksp(" s7=Ksp
A)*+ & -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.1
0&+ 'efine molar solubility. -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria3(4+ solubility product constant 5*C+ general chemistry
1?. -he concentration of calcium carbonate in a saturated a$ueous solution of the salt at 2>C is
?./1 1D>
M. What is theKspof this sparingly soluble salt%
A" 6.>D 1D
&" 1.21 1D12
C" >.6/ 1D1?
'" .1 1D7
(" 6.D? 1D2
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.10&+ Calculate 3sp from the solubility !simple e#ample". !(#ample 1/.2"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
1/. -he solubility of strontium carbonate in water at 2>C is 6.>D 1D7
g9B. What is theKspof
this sparingly soluble salt%
A" .7D 1D1D
&" 1.17 1D17
C" 2.76 1D1/
'" >.>2 1D7
("7.12
1D
2
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate 3sp from the solubility !simple e#ample". !(#ample 1/.2"-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
1. After mi#ing an e#cess bCl2with a fi#ed amount of water, it is found that the e$uilibrium
concentration of b2
C" 2.> 1D6
'" 6.
1D
2
(" 1.D 1D?
A)*+ & -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate 3sp from the solubility !more complicated e#ample".!(#ample 1/.7"-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ solubility product constant
5*C+ general chemistry
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1. -he solubility of lead!II" sulfate is 6.D 1D2g9B. What is the solubility product constant
for lead!II" sulfate%A" 1./ 1D
&" 1.7 1D6
C" 1.? 1D7
'" 6.? 1D1>
(" . 1D12
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate 3sp from the solubility !more complicated e#ample".!(#ample 1/.7"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ solubility product constant5*C+ general chemistry
2D. -he solubility of sil8er!I" carbonate is 7.? 1D2g9B. What is the solubility product
constant for sil8er!I" carbonate%
A" 6.6 1D1>
&" . 1D12
C" 1./ 1D
'" 1.7 1D6
(" 1.7 1D7
A)*+ & -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.10&+ Calculate 3sp from the solubility !more complicated e#ample".!(#ample 1/.7"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ solubility product constant
5*C+ general chemistry
21. -he hydro#ide ion concentration of a saturated solution of Fe!0:"2is 1.1? 1D>
M. What
is the solubility product constant for Fe!0:"2%
A" /.D 1D1?
&" ?.26 1D1>
C" 1.>? 1D1>
'" 7.61 1D7
(" 2.2? 1D2
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate 3sp from the solubility !more complicated e#ample".!(#ample 1/.7"-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria )0-+ (EI*('
22. -he sil8erGion concentration in a saturated solution of sil8er!I" chromate is 1.7 1D6M.
What isKspfor sil8er!I" chromate%
A" 2. 1D1?
&" 6.2 1D
C" . 1D12
'" 1.1 1D12
(" 1./ 1D
A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ difficult (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate 3sp from the solubility !more complicated e#ample".!(#ample 1/.7"
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-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ solubility product constant
5*C+ general chemistry
27. Which of the following salts has the highest molar solubility in water%
A" *rC07!Ksp= .7 1D1D"
&" &a*06 !Ksp= 1.1 1D1D"
C" b* !Ksp= 2.> 1D2/"
'"&aCr0
6
!Ksp
= 1.2
1D
1D
"(" AgCl !Ksp= 1. 1D1D"
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria3(4+ solubility product constant relati8e solubilities 5*C+ general chemistry
26. Which of the following salts has the lowest molar solubility%
A" *rC07!Ksp= .7 1D1D"
&" 5n* !Ksp= 2.> 1D1D"
C"&aF2!Ksp= 1.D
1D
?
"'" &a*06!Ksp= 1.1 1D1D"
(" AgCl !Ksp= 1. 1D1D"
A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.10&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ solubility product constant relati8e solubilities 5*C+ general chemistry
2>. anH the following salts in order of increasing molar solubility.
*alt Ksp
&a*06 1.1 1D1D
AgCl 1. 1D1D
&aC07 .1 1D
Cd* 1D2/
b*06 1. 1D
A" Cd* AgCl &a*06 &aC07 b*06&" Cd* AgCl &aC07 &a*06 b*06C" Cd* &a*06 AgCl &aC07 b*06'" b*06 &aC07 AgCl &a*06 Cd*
(" b*06 &aC07 &a*06 AgCl Cd*
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria3(4+ solubility product constant relati8e solubilities 5*C+ general chemistry
2?. A saturated solution of which of the following salts will ha8e the lowest molar concentrationof chromate ion%
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A" &aCr06!Ksp= 2.1 1DG1D"
&" CuCr06!Ksp= 7.? 1DG?"
C" Ag2Cr06!Ksp= 1.2 1DG12"
'" :g2Cr06!Ksp= 2.D 1DG"
(" -l2Cr06!Ksp= . 1DG17"
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.10&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
2/. A saturated solution of which of the following salts will ha8e the greatest molar
concentration of sil8er ion%
A" Ag2* !Ksp= 1DG>1"
&" AgCl !Ksp= 1. 1DG1D"
C" Ag2Cr06!Ksp= 1.2 1DG12"
'" Ag2C07!Ksp= .1 1DG12"
(" Ag6Fe!C)"? !Ksp= .> 1DG6>"
A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.10&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
2. What is the solubility !in g9B" of aluminum hydro#ide at 2>C% -he solubility product
constant for aluminum hydro#ide is 6.? 1D77at 2>C.
A" 7.? 1D71g9B
&" .2 1D1Dg9B
C" 2. 1D/g9B
'" >.7 1D1>g9B
(" 1.
1D
71
g9BA)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ solubility product constant
5*C+ general chemistry
2. What is the solubility !in g9B" of sil8er!I" bromide at 2>C% -he solubility product constant
for sil8er!I" bromide is >.D 1D17at 2>C.
A" .6 1D7g9B
&" .6 1D11g9B
C" 1.7
1D
6
g9B'" 6./ 1D11g9B
(" /. 1D2g9B
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ solubility product constant
5*C+ general chemistry
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7D. anH the following metal sulfides in order of increasing molar solubility in water.
*alt KspCo* 6 1D21
Cu* ? 1D7?
Fe* ? 1D1
:g* 1.? 1D>2
5n* 2.> 1D1D
A" 5n* Fe* Co* Cu* :g*
&" Fe* :g* Co* Cu* 5n*C" :g* Cu* Co* Fe* 5n*
'" Cu* Co* Fe* 5n* :g*
(" Co* Cu* Fe* :g* 5n*
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ solubility product constant relati8e solubilities 5*C+ general chemistry
71. What is the molar solubility of sil8er!I" bromide at 2>C% -he solubility product constant
for sil8er!I" bromide is >.D 1D17at 2>C.
A" /.1 1D/M
&" 2.> 1D17M
C" 6.2 1D6M
'" >.D 1D>M
(" >.D 1D17M
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ solubility product constant
5*C+ general chemistry
72. What is the molar solubility of calcium sulfate at 2>C% -he solubility product constant for
calcium sulfate is 2.6 1D>at 2>C.
A" 2.6 1D>M
&" 7.> 1D2M
C" 1.2 1D>M
'" 1. 1D2M
(" 6.
1D7
M
A)*+ ( -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.10&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ solubility product constant
5*C+ general chemistry
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77. What is the molar solubility of barium fluoride at 2>C% -he solubility product constant for
barium fluoride is 1.D 1D?at 2>C.
A" ?.7 1D7M
&" 1.D 1D?M
C" >.D 1D/M
'" 1.D 1D7M
(" 1.? 1D2M
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ solubility product constant5*C+ general chemistry
76. What is the molar solubility of aluminum hydro#ide at 2>C% -he solubility product
constant for aluminum hydro#ide is 6.? 1D77at 2>C.
A" 2.7 1D77M
&" ?. 1D1/M
C" 6.? 1D77M
'" 7.? 1DM(" 1.D 1D11M
A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ solubility product constant
5*C+ general chemistry
7>. What is the solubility !in g9B" of barium chromate at 2>C% -he solubility product constant
for barium chromate is 1.2 1D1Dat 2>C.
A" D.62 g9B
&" 7.D 1D
g9BC" 1.> 1Dg9B
'" D.D/ g9B
(" D.DD2 g9B
A)*+ ( -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ solubility product constant5*C+ general chemistry
7?. What is the solubility !in g9B" of calcium fluoride at 2>C% -he solubility product constant
for calcium fluoride is 7.6
1D11
at 2>C.A" D.DDD6? g9B&" 2./ 1Dg9B
C" D.D1? g9B
'" 1.7 1Dg9B
(" D.D6 g9B
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.1
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0&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ solubility product constant5*C+ general chemistry
7/. ure water is saturated with slightly soluble calcium fluoride, CaF2. Which of the followingis true concerning the e$uilibrium concentration of Ca2"
&" Fe!0:"2!Ksp= 1D1?"
C" bI2!Ksp= ?.> 1D"
'" *rC07!Ksp= .7 1D1D"
(" Ag&r !Ksp= >.D 1D17"
A)*+ ( -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria3(4+ solubility product constant relati8e solubilities 5*C+ general chemistry
7. Which of the following salts has the highest molar solubility in water%
A" CaC07!Ksp= 7. 1D"
&" )i!0:"2!Ksp= 2.D 1D1>"
C" Fe!0:"2!Ksp= 1D1?"
'" Ag&r !Ksp= >.D 1D17"
(" bI2!Ksp= ?.> 1D"
A)*+ ( -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.10&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ precipitation calculations5*C+ general chemistry
6D. Which salt has the highest molar solubility in pure water%
*alt KspCd!0:"2 >.7 1D1>
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Fe!0:"2 .D 1D1?
bCr06 1. 1D16
CdC07 ?.2 1D12
5n!0:"2 2.D 1D17
A" CdC07&" Cd!0:"2
C" 5n!0:"2'" bCr06(" Fe!0:"2
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ solubility product constant relati8e solubilities 5*C+ general chemistry
61. Which salt has the lowest molar solubility in pure water%
*alt Ksp
Cd!0:"2 >.7
1D
1>
Fe!0:"2 .D 1D1?
bCr06 1. 1D16
CdC07 ?.2 1D12
5n!0:"2 2.D 1D17
A" bCr06&" Fe!0:"2C" CdC07'" Cd!0:"2(" 5n!0:"2
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ solubility product constant relati8e solubilities 5*C+ general chemistry
62. What is the hydro#ideGion concentration of a saturated solution of )i!0:"2% For )i!0:"2,
Ksp= 2.D 1D1>.
A" 2. 1D7M
&" /. 1D?M
C" 1.D 1D/M
'" 2./ 1D2M
(" 1.? 1D>M
A)*+ ( -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ solubility product constant
5*C+ general chemistry
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67. What is the p: of a saturated solution of )i!0:"2% For )i!0:"2,Ksp= 2.D 1D1>.
A" 6.D&" .D
C" >.1D
'" .2D(" /.DD
A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ solubility product constant
5*C+ general chemistry
66. anH the following salts in order of increasing molar solubility.
*alt KspAg*C) 1.D 1D12
Ag2Cr06 1.1 1D12
Ag706 1.D 1D1?
A" Ag*C) Ag2Cr06 Ag706&" Ag*C) Ag706 Ag2Cr06C" Ag706 Ag2Cr06 Ag*C)'" Ag706 Ag*C) Ag2Cr06(" Ag2Cr06 Ag*C) Ag706
A)*+ & -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.1
0&+ Calculate the solubility from 3sp. !(#ample 1/.6"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria3(4+ solubility product constant relati8e solubilities 5*C+ general chemistry
6>. -he insoluble salts AE, &2W, C2J7, '42, and (@7, which were formed from the metal ions
A
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A)*+ & -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.2
0&+ (#plain how the solubility of a salt is affected by another salt that has the samecation or anion !common ion". -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ solubility and the commonGion effect
5*C+ general chemistry
6/. In which of these solutions would sil8er!I" carbonate ha8e the lowest molar solubility% For
sil8er!I" carbonate,Ksp= .> 1D12.
A" D.D7M:2C07&" D.1MAg)07C" D.D1MAg)07'" D.1M)a2C07(" pure water
A)*+ & -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.20&+ (#plain how the solubility of a salt is affected by another salt that has the same
cation or anion !common ion". -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ solubility and the commonGion effect5*C+ general chemistry
6. -he figure below represents the result of adding which of the following a$ueous solutions to
a filtered, saturated solution of AgCl%
A" only )aCl!aq"&" only :)07!aq"C" :Cl!aq" or )aCl!aq"
'" only :Cl!aq"
(" :Cl!aq" or :)07!aq"
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.2
0&+ (#plain how the solubility of a salt is affected by another salt that has the samecation or anion !common ion". -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ solubility and the commonGion effect
5*C+ general chemistry
6. What is the concentration of sil8er!I" ion in a saturated solution of sil8er!I" carbonate
containing D.DD7DM)a2C07% For Ag2C07,Ksp= .? 1D12.
A" ?.D 1D6M
&" 2.D 1DM
C" .D 1DM
'" >.6 1D>M
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(" .D 1D6M
A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.2
0&+ Calculate the solubility of a slightly soluble salt in a solution of a common ion.
!(#ample 1/.>" -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria3(4+ solubility and the commonGion effect
5*C+ general chemistry
>D. What is the molar solubility of 5gF2in a D.6DM5g!)07"2solution% For 5gF2,Ksp= .6 1D
.
A" .D 1DM
&" 2.7 1D6M
C" 2.D 1DGM
'" 6.? 1D6M
(" 7.2 1D7M
A)*+ & -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.2
0&+ Calculate the solubility of a slightly soluble salt in a solution of a common ion.!(#ample 1/.>" -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ solubility and the commonGion effect5*C+ general chemistry
>1. What is the molar solubility of 5gF2 in a D.6>M)aF solution% For 5gF2,Ksp= .6 1D.
A" 1.D 1D/M
&" 1.6 1D6M
C" 1. 1D/M
'" /.1 1D6M
(" 6.1 1D/M
A)*+ ( -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.20&+ Calculate the solubility of a slightly soluble salt in a solution of a common ion.
!(#ample 1/.>" -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ solubility and the commonGion effect5*C+ general chemistry
>2. Kspfor bF2is 6.D 1D. If a D.D76M)aF solution is saturated with bF2, what is ;b
2
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>7. -he solubility of Ba!I07"7in a D.?2M3I07solution is 1.D 1D/mol9B. CalculateKspfor
Ba!I07"7.
A" ?.2 1D
&" 2.6 1D22
C" 2.6 1D1
'" 2.6 1D
(" none of these
A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.20&+ Calculate the solubility of a slightly soluble salt in a solution of a common ion.
!(#ample 1/.>" -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ solubility and the commonGion effect5*C+ general chemistry
>6. Which of the following, when added to a saturated solution of AgCl, will cause a decrease in
the molar concentration of Ag
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A" both I and II
&" only I
C" only II
'" only III(" only IE
A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.70&+ *tate the criterion for precipitation.
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ precipitation calculations
5*C+ general chemistry
>/. Which Figures IIE represent!s" the result of mi#ing a$ueous solutions of )a0: and CuCl2
in which the ion product QcKKspfor the insoluble product% !C = cation, A = anion"
A" only II
&" both I and II
C" only IE'" only I
(" only III
A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.70&+ *tate the criterion for precipitation.
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ precipitation calculations
5*C+ general chemistry
>. For which of the following will precipitation be e#pected%
A" QcKsp&" Qc= 1
C" Qc=Ksp'" QcKKsp(" Ksp= 1
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A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.7
0&+ *tate the criterion for precipitation.-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ precipitation calculations criterion for precipitation 5*C+ general chemistry
>. Which of the following will apply to a saturated solution of an ionic compound%
A" QcKsp&" QcKKsp
C" Qc=Ksp'" Ksp= 1
(" Qc= 1
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.7
0&+ *tate the criterion for precipitation.
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria3(4+ precipitation calculations criterion for precipitation 5*C+ general chemistry
?D. *uppose >D.DD mB of 2.D 1D?MFe!)07"7is added to >D.DD mB of 2.D 1D6M3I07.
Which of the following statements is true% For Fe!I07"7,Ksp= 1.D 1D16.
A" A precipitate forms because QcKKsp.&" A precipitate forms because QcKsp.
C" )o precipitate forms because QcKsp.'" )o precipitate forms because Qc=Ksp.
(" )o precipitate forms because QcKKsp.
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.70&+ redict whether precipitation will occur !gi8en ion concentrations". !(#ample 1/.?"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ precipitation calculations criterion for precipitation 5*C+ general chemistry
?1. -o 1.D B of water, 7.D 1D?mol of b!)07"2, 6.D 1D?mol of 32Cr06, and 1.D mol of
)aCl are added. What will happen%
*alt Ksp
bCr06 1. 1D16
bCl2 1.? 1D>
A" A precipitate of 3Cl will form.
&" A precipitate of bCr06will form.C" A precipitate of bCl2will form.
'" )o precipitate will form.
(" &oth a precipitate of bCl2and a precipitate of bCr06will form.A)*+ & -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.7
0&+ redict whether precipitation will occur !gi8en ion concentrations". !(#ample 1/.?"-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ precipitation calculations criterion for precipitation 5*C+ general chemistry
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?2. What is the ma#imum *r2
M
sulfideGion concentration without precipitating strontium sulfate% For *r*06,Ksp= 2.> 1D
/.
A" 1.? 1D1D
M
&" 1.? 1D11
MC" 6.D 1D
7M
'" ?.7 1D>
M(" 2.> 1D2M
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.7
0&+ redict whether precipitation will occur !gi8en ion concentrations". !(#ample 1/.?"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria3(4+ precipitation calculations criterion for precipitation 5*C+ general chemistry
?7. What will happen if D.1 mol of solid sil8er!I" nitrate is added to 1.D B of a saturated solution
of sil8er!I" chromate% For Ag2Cr06,Ksp= 2.6 1D12.
A" -he Ag)07will settle to the bottom without dissol8ing.
&" -he concentration of Cr062will increase.
C" *ome Ag2Cr06will precipitate.'" )othing will happen.
(" -he concentration of Ag. What is the minimum concentration of Cu2
A)*+ ( -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.70&+ redict whether precipitation will occur !gi8en ion concentrations". !(#ample 1/.?"
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ precipitation calculations criterion for precipitation 5*C+ general chemistry
?/. If >DD mB of 1.6 1D?MAg)07is mi#ed with >DD mB of 1.6 1D?M)a&r, what will
occur% For Ag&r,Ksp= > 1D17.
A" *il8er!I" bromide will precipitate.
&" -he concentration of AgD.DD mB of a
1 1D?solution of sodium phosphate. Which of the following statements is true% For
lead!II" phosphate,Ksp= 1 1D66.
A" A precipitate forms because QcKsp.
&" )o precipitate forms because QcKKsp.
C" A precipitate forms because QcKKsp.'" )o precipitate forms because Qc=Ksp.
(" )o precipitate forms because QcKsp.
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.7
0&+ redict whether precipitation will occur !gi8en solution 8olumes and
concentrations". !(#ample 1/./" -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria3(4+ precipitation calculations criterion for precipitation 5*C+ general chemistry
?. If 2/D mB of 1 1D/MAg)07is mi#ed with 2/D mB of 1 1DM)aI, what will occur%
For AgI,Ksp= .7 1D1/.
A" *odium nitrate will precipitate.
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&" *il8er!I" nitrate will precipitate.
C" *odium iodide will precipitate.'" *il8er!I" iodide will precipitate.
(" )o precipitate will form.
A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.7
0&+ redict whether precipitation will occur !gi8en solution 8olumes and
concentrations". !(#ample 1/./" -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ precipitation calculations criterion for precipitation 5*C+ general chemistry
/D. If 71> mB of 1 1D6MCa!)07"2is mi#ed with 71> mB of 1 1D6M)aF, what will
occur% For CaF2,Ksp= 7.6 1D11.
A" )o precipitate will form.&" *odium nitrate will precipitate.
C" Calcium nitrate will precipitate.
'" Calcium fluoride will precipitate.(" *odium fluoride will precipitate.
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.70&+ redict whether precipitation will occur !gi8en solution 8olumes and
concentrations". !(#ample 1/./" -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ precipitation calculations criterion for precipitation 5*C+ general chemistry
/1. If 2/D mB of 1 1DMAl!)07"7is mi#ed with 2/D mB of 1 1DM)a0:, what will
occur% For Al!0:"7,Ksp= 6.? 1D77.
A" Aluminum hydro#ide will precipitate.
&" *odium hydro#ide will precipitate.C" Aluminum nitrate will precipitate.
'" *odium nitrate will precipitate.
(" )o precipitate will form.
A)*+ ( -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.70&+ redict whether precipitation will occur !gi8en solution 8olumes andconcentrations". !(#ample 1/./" -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ precipitation calculations criterion for precipitation 5*C+ general chemistry
/2. What is the minimum mass of )a2C07that must be added to 26.? mB of a .> 1D
6MAg)07solution in order for precipitation to occur% For Ag2C07,Ksp= .? 1D12.
A" 2.> 1D7g
&" 7.1 1D6g
C" 1.2 1D7g
'" 2.6 1D
g(" 2.> 1D>g
A)*+ ( -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.7
0&+ redict whether precipitation will occur !gi8en solution 8olumes andconcentrations". !(#ample 1/./" -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ precipitation calculations criterion for precipitation 5*C+ general chemistry
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/7. What is the ma#imum 8olume of 6. 1D>M32Cr06that, added to 1/.D mB of a solution
that is .? 1D>M&a!)07"2and >.6 1D?Mb!)07"2, will precipitate bCr06but not
&aCr06% For bCr06,Ksp= 1. 1D16, and for &aCr06,Ksp= 1.2 1D
1D.
A" 1/ mB
&" D.>1 mB
C" D.6 mB'" D.DD12 mB
(" /./ mB
A)*+ & -*+ 1 'IF+ difficult (F+ 1/.7
0&+ redict whether precipitation will occur !gi8en solution 8olumes and
concentrations". !(#ample 1/./" -0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ precipitation calculations fractional precipitation 5*C+ general chemistry
/6. A solution is D.D1DM in each of b!)07"2, 5n!)07"2, and @n!)07"2. *olid )a0: is added
until the p: of the solution is .>D. Which of the following statements is true%
*alt Kspb!0:"2 1.6 1D2D
5n!0:"2 2.D
1D
17
@n!0:"2 2.1 1D1?
A" 0nly 5n!0:"2will precipitate.&" All three hydro#ides will precipitate.
C" 0nly b!0:"2will precipitate.
'" )o precipitate will form.(" 0nly @n!0:"2and b!0:"2will precipitate.
A)*+ ( -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.70&+ (#plain how two ions can be separated using fractional precipitation.
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ precipitation calculations fractional precipitation 5*C+ general chemistry
/>. What is the ma#imum concentration of carbonate ions that will precipitate &aC07but not
5gC07from a solution that is 2./ 1D7
Meach in 5g2
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/?. Which of the following solutions should be added to a solution containing both copper!II"
ions and sil8er!I" ions in order to precipitate only one of the ions%A" :Cl!aq"
&" :2*!aq"
C" :)07!aq"'" :2*!aq" < :Cl!aq"
(" :2*!aq" < :)07!aq"
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.70&+ (#plain how two ions can be separated using fractional precipitation.
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ precipitation calculations fractional precipitation 5*C+ general chemistry
//. For which pair of cations would the addition of dilute hydrobromic acid precipitate one but
not the other%A" Ag
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0&+ (#plain how two ions can be separated using fractional precipitation.
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
D. *il8er nitrate !Ag)07" is slowly added to a solution containing D.1DD 5 &rand D.D>D 5
FeC)?6until a precipitate Lust forms. What is the molar concentration of Ag.D 1DG17and Ag6FeC)?Ksp= .> 1D
G6>.
A" 2.D 1DG11M Ag.D g&" 7.7 g
C" 2.? g
'" D.D g(" 1./ g
A)*+ ( -*+ 1 'IF+ difficult (F+ 1/.7
0&+ (#plain how two ions can be separated using fractional precipitation.-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ precipitation calculations fractional precipitation 5*C+ general chemistry
2. -he best e#planation for the dissolution of @n* in dilute :Cl is that
A" the Minc ion is amphoteric.
&" the sulfide ion concentration is decreased by the formation of :2*.C" the solubility product of @nCl2is less than that of @n*.
'" the Minc ion concentration is decreased by the formation of a chloro comple#.
(" the sulfide ion concentration is decreased by o#idation to sulfur.
A)*+ & -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.6
0&+ (#plain the $ualitati8e effect of p: on solubility of a slightly soluble salt.-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ effect of p: on solubility $ualitati8e effect of p: 5*C+ general chemistry
7. 4ou ha8e two salts, AgJ and Ag4, with 8ery similarKsp8alues. 4ou Hnow thatKafor :J ismuch greater thanKafor :4. Which statement will be true%
A" AgJ and Ag4 are less soluble in acidic solution than in pure water.
&" AgJ is more soluble in acidic solution.
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C" AgJ and Ag4 are e$ually soluble in acidic solution.
'" Ag4 is more soluble in acidic solution.(" none of these
A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.60&+ (#plain the $ualitati8e effect of p: on solubility of a slightly soluble salt.
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ effect of p: on solubility $ualitati8e effect of p: 5*C+ general chemistry
6. For which of the following salts would the addition of nitric acid increase its solubility%
A" AgI
&" Ag)07C" AgCl
'" Ag2*06(" Ag&r
A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.6
0&+ 'etermine the $ualitati8e effect of p: on solubility. !(#ample 1/."-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ effect of p: on solubility $ualitati8e effect of p: 5*C+ general chemistry
>. Which of the following substances will increase the molar solubility of nicHel!II" phosphate
in a saturated solution%
A" AgCl
&" :)07C" 30:
'" Al06(" )a706
A)*+ & -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.6
0&+ 'etermine the $ualitati8e effect of p: on solubility. !(#ample 1/."
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria3(4+ effect of p: on solubility $ualitati8e effect of p: 5*C+ general chemistry
?. In which of the following solutions would CaC206ha8e the highest molar solubility%A" D.D1M)a2C206&" D.D1M)aCl
C" D.D1M:Cl'" D.D1MCa!)07"2(" D.D1M)a:C206
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.6
0&+ 'etermine the $ualitati8e effect of p: on solubility. !(#ample 1/."
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria3(4+ effect of p: on solubility $ualitati8e effect of p: 5*C+ general chemistry
/. -he figure below represents the results of adding a strong acid to a saturated solution of an
ionic compound. Which of the following could be the ionic compound%
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A" AgCl06&" AgF
C" AgI
'" AgCl(" Ag&r
A)*+ & -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.60&+ 'etermine the $ualitati8e effect of p: on solubility. !(#ample 1/."
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ effect of p: on solubility $ualitati8e effect of p: 5*C+ general chemistry
. What is the best way to ensure complete precipitation of *n* from a saturated :2* solution%
A" Add a strong acid.
&" Add a weaH acid.C" Add a strong base.
'" Add a weaH base.
(" Add more :2*.
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.6
0&+ (#plain the basis for the sulfide scheme to separate a mi#ture of metal ions.-0+ solubility applications of solubility e$uilibria 5*C+ general chemistry
. *uppose hydrogen sulfide is added to a solution that is D.1DMin Cu2*alt Ksp
Cu* ?.D 1D7?
b* 2.> 1D2/
)i* 7.D 1D1
A" Cu* only
&" b* and )i*C" Cu* and b*
'" )i* only
(" Cu*, b*, and )i*
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ difficult (F+ 1/.6
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0&+ (#plain the basis for the sulfide scheme to separate a mi#ture of metal ions.
-0+ solubility solubility e$uilibria 3(4+ effect of p: on solubility5*C+ general chemistry
D. *uppose hydrogen sulfide is added to a solution that is D.DD1DMin Fe20&+ 'efine formation constant or stability constant, 3f, and dissociation constant, 3d.
-0+ solubility comple# ion e$uilibria 3(4+ comple# ion formation
5*C+ general chemistry
2. Which of the following is not liHely to form a comple# ion with Al7
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-0+ solubility comple# ion e$uilibria
7. Which of the following statements concerning amphoteric hydro#ides is9are correct%
1. -he amphoteric hydro#ide of aluminum!III" is commercially used to separatealuminum!III" o#ide from impurities in the aluminum ore bau#ite.
2. Amphoteric hydro#ides form soluble comple# ions at high p:Os.
7. -he amphoteric hydro#ide, @n!0:"2, can be precipitated by increasing the p:
of a solution containing @n2
2.
A" 1 only&" 2 only
C" 7 only
'" 1 and 2(" 1, 2, and 7
A)*+ ( -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.>
0&+ 'efine formation constant or stability constant, 3f, and dissociation constant, 3d.
-0+ solubility comple# ion e$uilibria
6. Calculate the molar concentration of uncomple#ed @n2
2
0&+ Calculate the concentration of a metal ion in e$uilibrium with a comple# ion.!(#ample 1/." -0+ solubility comple# ion e$uilibria
>. Cyanide ion forms 8ery stable comple# ions with a 8ariety of metal ions. What is the molare$uilibrium concentration of uncomple#ed Cu2
M
&" 7.? 1D?
M
C" 6.6 1D>
M'" 7.6 1D
M
(" 1.2 1D1/
M
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.>0&+ Calculate the concentration of a metal ion in e$uilibrium with a comple# ion.
!(#ample 1/." -0+ solubility comple# ion e$uilibria
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?. What is the molar e$uilibrium concentration of uncomple#ed Ag
M
&" >.2 1D11
MC" .D 1D
M
'" 2.6 1D1D
M(" 1.1 1D>
M
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.>
0&+ Calculate the concentration of a metal ion in e$uilibrium with a comple# ion.
!(#ample 1/." -0+ solubility comple# ion e$uilibria
/. An a$ueous solution of Ag!C)"2 is made by combining D.D1DD moles Ag)07with 1.DD
mole )aC) and diluting to 1.DDD B. What is the molar concentration of Ag
1
A" 1. 1DG21
M
&" >.7 1D2DM
C" >. 1D1?M
'" 1./ 1DG1/M
(" D.D1DM
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.>
0&+ Calculate the concentration of a metal ion in e$uilibrium with a comple# ion.
!(#ample 1/." -0+ solubility comple# ion e$uilibria3(4+ comple# ion formation e$uilibrium calculations with 3f 5*C+ general chemistry
. *uppose sodium hydro#ide is added to a D.DD1?Msolution of Minc nitrate such that the p:
of the solution is 17.62. What is the e$uilibrium concentration of @n21>
A" 2.2 1D1M
&" 1.? 1D7M
C" ?.? 1D2M
'" 1.2 1D1?M
(" 2.2 1D1M
A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ moderate (F+ 1/.>
0&+ Calculate the concentration of a metal ion in e$uilibrium with a comple# ion.!(#ample 1/." -0+ solubility comple# ion e$uilibria
3(4+ comple# ion formation e$uilibrium calculations with 3f 5*C+ general chemistry
. What is the concentration of Cd2
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'" AgCl
(" *rC07
A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.?
0&+ redict whether a precipitate will form in the presence of the comple# ion. !(#ample1/.1D" -0+ solubility comple# ion e$uilibria
3(4+ comple# ions and solubility 5*C+ general chemistry
1D7. What will happen if >D.D mB of D.D22M)a2*207, >D.D mB of D.D1DMAg)07, and >D.D mBof D.D/M3Cl are mi#ed together% For AgCl,Ksp= 1. 1D
1DN for Ag!*207"27,
Kf= 2. 1D17.
A" A precipitate of Ag2*207will form.
&" A precipitate of 3)07will form.C" )o precipitate will form because sil8er!I" ion e#ists predominantly as Ag. 1D
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.?0&+ Calculate the solubility of a slightly soluble ionic compound in a solution of the
comple# ion. !(#ample 1/.11" -0+ solubility comple# ion e$uilibria
1D>. Pi8en the following e$uilibrium constants,
AgI07 Ksp = 7.1 1D
Ag!):7"2
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AgI07!s" < 2):7!aq" Ag!):7"2
C" >.> 1D16
'" 1.
(" 1./ 1D/
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/.?
0&+ Calculate the solubility of a slightly soluble ionic compound in a solution of thecomple# ion. !(#ample 1/.11" -0+ solubility comple# ion e$uilibria
1D?. What is the molar solubility of nicHel!II" sulfide in D.D>7M3C)% For )i*,Ksp= 7.D 1D
1N for )i!C)"62,Kf= 1.D 1D
71.
A" >.> 1D1DM
&" >.7 1D2M
C" 1.> 1D1M
'" 1.7 1D2M
(" 2.2 1D>M
A)*+ ' -*+ 1 'IF+ difficult (F+ 1/.?
0&+ Calculate the solubility of a slightly soluble ionic compound in a solution of the
comple# ion. !(#ample 1/.11" -0+ solubility comple# ion e$uilibria
3(4+ comple# ion formation e$uilibrium calculations with 3f 5*C+ general chemistry
1D/. What is the molar solubility of Minc hydro#ide at p: 12.6D% For @n!0:"2,Ksp= 2.1 1D1?N
for @n!0:"62,Kf= 2. 1D
1>.
A" .6 1D2?M
&" 1.> 1D2M
C" 7./ 1D6M
'" 7./ 1D?M
(" 1.6 1DM
A)*+ C -*+ 1 'IF+ difficult (F+ 1/.?
0&+ Calculate the solubility of a slightly soluble ionic compound in a solution of the
comple# ion. !(#ample 1/.11" -0+ solubility comple# ion e$uilibria3(4+ comple# ion formation e$uilibrium calculations with 3f 5*C+ general chemistry
1D. Which of the following statements concerning the separation of metal ions into AnalyticalProups IGE is9are correct%
1. 0nly the least soluble sulfides will precipitate in an acidic solution of :2*.2. 3
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C" 7 only
'" 1 and 2(" 1, 2, and 7
A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/./0&+ 'escribe the main outline of the sulfide scheme for $ualitati8e analysis.
-0+ solubility applications of solubility e$uilibria
1D. Which of the following statements concerning the separation of metal ions into AnalyticalProups IGE is9are correct%
1. -he substitution of dilute @n!Cl"2for dilute :Cl in step one, the precipitation ofthe Analytical Proup I metal ions as chloride salts, will ha8e no effect on the
rest of the analysis.
2. Proup I ions cannot be precipitated using this scheme.7. In the filtration stages, the filtrate is the solid material that is remo8ed from the
mi#ture by filtration.
A" 1 only
&" 2 only
C" 7 only'" 1 and 2
(" 1, 2, and 7
A)*+ & -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/./
0&+ 'escribe the main outline of the sulfide scheme for $ualitati8e analysis.
-0+ solubility applications of solubility e$uilibria
11D. In the $ualitati8e analysis scheme for metal ions, how are the Analytical Proup III cations
separated from the cations of Analytical Proups IE and E%
A" by addition of :2* in acidic solution, forming insoluble metal sulfides
&" by addition of !):6"2C07or !):6"706, forming insoluble metal carbonates orphosphates
C" by addition of :2*06, forming insoluble metal sulfates'" by addition of :Cl, forming insoluble metal chlorides
(" by addition of :2* in basic solution, forming insoluble metal sulfides or hydro#ides
A)*+ ( -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/./0&+ 'escribe the main outline of the sulfide scheme for $ualitati8e analysis.
-0+ solubility applications of solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ $ualitati8e analysis of metal ions 5*C+ general chemistry
111. What is the effect of substituting soluble metal salts such as )aCl and 32C07for :Cl or
!):6"2C07in the $ualitati8e analysis scheme for separating the fi8e Analytical Proups%A" 4ou can no longer tell if your original sample contained )a
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A)*+ A -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/./
0&+ 'escribe the main outline of the sulfide scheme for $ualitati8e analysis.-0+ solubility applications of solubility e$uilibria
112. In the sulfide scheme for $ualitati8e analysis, the cations of Analytical Proup IE areprecipitated as phosphates or carbonates. Analytical Proup IE consists of
A" alHaline earth elements.
&" the halogens.
C" alHali metals.'" transition metals ha8ing
A)*+ & -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/./0&+ 'escribe the main outline of the sulfide scheme for $ualitati8e analysis.
-0+ solubility applications of solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ $ualitati8e analysis of metal ions 5*C+ general chemistry
11>. -he following reaction represents a step in the separation of which analytical group of
cations%
Cu2
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A"Analytical Proup I
&" Analytical Proup III
C" Analytical Proup E'" Analytical Proup IE
(" Analytical Proup II
A)*+ ( -*+ 1 'IF+ easy (F+ 1/./
0&+ 'escribe the main outline of the sulfide scheme for $ualitati8e analysis.
-0+ solubility applications of solubility e$uilibria
3(4+ $ualitati8e analysis of metal ions 5*C+ general chemistry
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