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Sequence the formation of sedimentary rocks
Explain the process of lithification Describe features of sedimentary rocks
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Mechanical/Physical
Breakdown of rock
Does not change therocks composition
Only changes size andshape
Chemical
Changes the chemical
composition of rocks Acid rain, rust, calcite*
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Weathering and Erosion
Breakdown of rocks = weathering
Small particles of rocks = sediments
Particles range from really small to very large
Movement of sediments = erosion
Deposition Sediments have been carried then deposited
Larger sediments deposit first
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Lithification
Sediments are turned into sedimentary rocks
Compaction
Particles pushed together due to more and more deposition
Water and air gets squeezed out
Cementation Minerals grow and cement compressed particles together
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Sedimentary Features
Bedding
The making of layers that go horizontal in the rocks
Graded bedding
Small particles layer at the top of a layer
Larger particles layer are at the bottom layer Cross bedding
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Ripple marks
Small ridges made by wind, waves or river current
Sorting and Rounding
Harder minerals generally take long to break apart
When sediments move they break apart and getrounded
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Describe the types of clastic sedimentary rocks
Explain how chemical sedimentary rocks form
Describe biochemical sedimentary rocks
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Types of Sedimentary rocks
Clastic
Rocks made of particles of other rocks
Coarse grained
Gravel sized particles
Medium grained
Sand sized particles
Fine grained
Silt/clay size particles
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Chemical and Biochemical
Result due to evaporation and precipitation of
minerals
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
Crystals precipitate out due to saturation
Crystals settle on the bottom
Called evaporites
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Biochemical
Formed from the remains of once living things
Shells settle on bottom are buried
Lithification then occurs
Water gets pushed out
Rocks like limestone are made
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Compare and Contrast the different types andcauses of metamorphism
Distinguish among metamorphic textures
Explain how mineral and compositional changesoccur during metamorphism
Apply the rock cycle to explain how rocks areclassified
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Recognize metamorphic rocks
Metamorphism = to change
Changes result due to heat and pressure
High heat needed for metamorphism comes from theearths interior
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Metamorphic Textures
Foliated
Rocks that have undergone great pressure
Cause mineral to be compressed
This compression causes rocks to have layers
Non-Foliated
Rocks that have undergone great pressure and heat
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Types of Metamorphism
Regional
High temperatures and pressure affect an entire area
Contact metamorphism
Magma comes into contact with already existing rocks
changes the existing rocks Hydrothermal metamorphism
Hot water reacts with rocks
Gold, copper, zinc, and lead are formed this way
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Economic Importance of Metamorphic Rocks
Trade materialsGold, silver, copper and lead
Building materialsmarble, slate
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