Chapter 6
Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and
Madison
What was the Judiciary Act of 1789?
• Established a national court system.
• Allowed state courts to appeal to federal courts.
• Set up both federal appellate and district courts.
What were the precedents (examples) Washington set for
future presidents?• Created a cabinet
(group of presidential advisors)
• Served only two terms which will eventually become a constitutional amendment
• Neutrality in foreign affairs
Who was in Washington’s first presidential cabinet?
• Vice President- John Adams
• Thomas Jefferson-Secretary of State
• Alexander Hamilton-Secretary of Treasury
• Henry Knox- Secretary of War (now Secretary of Defense)
• Ben Franklin – Post Master General
What were Hamilton and the Federalists beliefs of
government?• Strong central government
• Backed by North
• Wanted to help trade and industry
• Wanted Bank of the United States
• Supported by wealthy and merchants
What were Jefferson and the Democratic Republican beliefs?
• Weak central government (states’ rights)
• Supported by farmers• Backed by the South• Against the Bank of
the United States
How was the Bank of the United States started?
• Funded by federal government and wealthy investors
• Issue paper money and handle tax receipts and government funds
• Won support of the South by agreeing to build new capitol in South for passage of the Bank.
• Hamilton creates our financial system.
What were the nations first political parties?
• Federalists- led by Alexander Hamilton. Wanted a strong central government
• Democratic-Republicans- believed in states’rights led by Jefferson
• Two party system- two main political parties compete for power.
What is a protective tariff?
• Placed taxes on goods imported from Europe.
• Brought in revenue to federal government.
Why was the Whiskey Rebellion important?
• Small farmers did not want to pay an excise or sales tax on Whiskey.
• The whiskey farmers attacked the tax collectors.
• Washington brought in federal troops to enforce the law.
• Washington showed that the federal government and the Constitution were here to stay.
What were America’s earliest foreign policy problems?
• French Revolution
• Should the U.S. side with Britain or France in European conflicts?
• Washington believed in neutrality in foreign affairs.
• Edmond Genet- sent to get support for France. Washington stays neutral.
What was Pinckney’s Treaty (1795)?
• Treaty over the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains.
• Spain gave up lands east of the Mississippi River.
• Gave U.S. right of deposit or trade in New Orleans.
How did U.S. expansion affect American Indians?
• Americans began to settle in the Northwest Territory (Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, Illinois, and Michigan)
• Battle with Little Turtle at the Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)
• American Indians continued to be pushed westward.
What was Jay’s Treaty?
• Treaty with Britain.• British agreed to give
up their forts in the Northwest Territory.
• However, the British navy continued to harass American ships.
What do you need to know about John Adams’ presidency?
• 2nd President (1797-1801)• Avoided war with France• Created the American navy• XYZ Affair- French
officials attempt to bribe American officials.
• Alien and Sedition Acts- Made it harder for immigrants to become American citizens. People were punished for criticizing the government.
What is sectionalism?
• Placing the interests of one region over the nation as a whole.
• Each section of the country wanted their own interests represented.
What is nullification?
• States could refuse to obey federal laws they thought were unconstitutional.
• Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions- Madison and Jefferson voice the policy of nullification in response to the Alien and Sedition Act
What was the importance of the Election of 1800?
• Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr, and John Adams ran for President.
• Jefferson defeated Adams by 8 electoral votes.
• The House of Representatives had to decide the winner.
• Jefferson won the election.• First peaceful transition
from one political party to another.
What was the importance of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?
• Court decision with John Marshall as chief justice.
• Established judicial review. (The court could declare a law unconstitutional is this case the Judiciary Act of 1801.
• Sets up the power of the judicial branch used today.
What was important about Thomas Jefferson’s presidency?
• 3rd President (1801-1809)
• Bought the Louisiana Purchase that doubled the size of the U.S. for 15 million dollars from France.
• Financed the Lewis and Clark expedition with Sacajawea.
• Trouble with impressment from the British
• Embargo Act (1807)- stopped trade, hurt American businesses
Who was William Henry Harrison?
• Governor of Indiana Territory
• Fought against Tecumseh for American Indian lands.
• The British supplied American Indians with arms which angered Americans.
Who were the war hawks?
• John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay wanted war with Britain.
• Adams and Jefferson were able to avoid war, but Madison gave into the pressure.
What were the accomplishments of James Madison’s presidency
(1809-1817)?• 4th President of the U.S.
• War of 1812 with Great Britain
• American System- Bank of the United States, Tariff of 1816 and internal improvements like the Erie Canal and National Road.
What do you need to know about the War of 1812?
• James Madison was president.
• 2nd war of independence
• British burned Washington D.C.
• Treaty of Ghent- ended the war.
• Star-Spangled Banner written by Francis Scott Key at Ft. McHenry
• Battle of New Orleans- after Treaty of Ghent led by General
Andrew Jackson
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