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CHAPTER III
HYDROLOGY
3.1. THE HYDROLOGY DATA
The hydrological data that was available are as follows:
(1) Daily rainfall data at Noilmina catchment area:
Station of rainfallrecorder
No. Sta Elevation Long of data
ebobo !1" TTS # $ years (1$%& ' 1$$ )
*etalan !!+ TTS # 1% years (1$,, ' 1$$ )
Nif*-ani !! TTS # 1% years (1$,, ' 1$$ )
Source : Data 1994 up to 1999 taken from Climatological Station, Lasiana-Kupang
(") limatological data
Data ty/e 0eteorology Sta eriod
0onthly solar radiation ebobo "! years (1$,& 2 1$$&)
0onthly wind velocity ebobo "! years (1$,& 2 1$$&)
0onthly h*midity ebobo "! years (1$,& 2 1$$&)
0onthly tem/erat*re ebobo "! years (1$,& 2 1$$&)
Source : Hidrological eport, !"# $asapatria %unatama, 1999&'(((
This data is *sed for calc*lation of eva/otrans/iration with enman 0ethod.
(3) 4ct*al Discharge
4ct*al discharge got by co*nting discharge which overflow of Linamn*t* 5eir6 /assing
of sco*ring gate and inta-e gate at the time of field visit. alc*lation of discharge based
on water level at the */stream of weir6 geometry of sco*ring gate and geometry of inta-e
gate.
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4s for the discharge data7s shall be as follows:
Date "'8*li'"!!3
1!'4*g*st'"!!3
",'4*g*st'"!!3
" 'Se/tm'"!!3
1,' ctbr '"!!3
11'Nov'"!!3
Discharge(m3/s)
3.+" 1. 1. , 1.+, ".33 3.+&
(+) 9*/ab*mi 0a/
9*/a *mi 0a/ by a-os*rtanal6 Scale 1 : " !!!
Descri/tions N*mber of sheet Ty/e of ma/
atchment 4rea Noilmina 13 sheets ard co/y and Digital file
ena D1 ;rrigation Scheme 3 sheets rint and Digital file
( ) atchment area
Data of catchment area Noilmina 9iver on Linamn*t* 5eir are as follows:
9iver : Noilmina
5idth of catchment area : 1&1%63, -m "
Length of main river : ,$.!! -m
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LUAS CATCHMENT AREA
- INTAKE LINAMNUTU = 1618 Km2
INTAKETAEKOLA
LINAMNUTUINTAKE
1.618 Km
LEGENDA
STASIUN HUJAN
JALAN
SUNGAI
U
Figur 3.1 . atchment 4rea Noilmina 9iver in Linamn*t* 5eir
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3.2. WATER REQUIREMENT
5ater re=*irement for /addy is determined ta-ing into acco*nt several factors mentioned
bellow: Land /re/aration ons*m/tive *se ercolation and infiltration 5ater layer re/lacement Effective rainfall ;rrigation efficiency ro//ing /attern
a) La ! "re"ara#i$
;n ena irrigation scheme6 water layer re=*irement for land /re/aration is ass*med to be
" ! mm in total6 incl*ding "!! mm for sat*ration and /lo*ghing and ! mm for standing
water immediately after trans/lanting.
%) C$ &u'"#i(e u&e
ons*m/tive *se was calc*lated by the modified enman method
) Per $*a#i$ a ! i +i*#ra#i$
ercolation rate in general de/ends on soil characteristic> normally /ercolation rate after
in*ndated is aro*nd 1'3 mm?day. @or ena irrigation scheme6 the val*e of /ercolation
ass*med to be " mm?day.
!) Wa#er *a,er re"*a e'e #
5ater layer re/lacement is ! mm (or 3.3 mm?day for half month) at one month and two
month after the trans/lantation res/ectively.
e) E++e #i(e Rai +a**
The calc*lation of effective rainfall for /addy is based on ,!A from a half'month rainfall
with "! A no f*lfilled /ossibility (9 %!)6 while /alawiBa ,!A from a half'month rainfallwith !A no f*lfilled /ossibility (9 !). 9ainfall data that is *sed for ena irrigation area is
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9ainfall data ebobo station6 beca*se that is nearest station and re/resented rainfall
condition in ena irrigation area.
9ainfall data ebobo station from 1$%& *ntil 1$$ are ta-en from CLa/oran idrologi 6T. 8asa/atria *natama6 1$$$?"!!!.
Effective rainfall for ebobo station as fallows:
Descripti1on Sat Jan Peb ar !pr ei J"nR#$% mm &'#% $' '$#' %#' & #' *3#% 1 #% %#% %#% '#% %#%R#'% mm 1&3# 1'$#% $% +1# $+#% *#% &*#' % #' #% %#%%# % x R#$% (Pa,,-) mm 31#' '+#* &1#% &*#& 33#3 1 #1 11#+ %#% %#% 3#' %#%%# % x R#'% (Pa.awi a) mm 1%%# 11%# '$#$ *#3 &3#& *+#$ *#$ + %
Sat J". !gt Sep 0 t 2op DesR#$% mm %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% +#%R#'% mm 1#% %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% $#*%# % x R#$% (Pa,,-) mm %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% #3%# % x R#'% (Pa.awi a) mm %# %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% %#% &
+) Irriga#i$ e++i ie ,
efore irrigation water reaches /addy field thro*gh canal systems6 a =*arter */ to one'
third of water in general is lost d*e to /ercolation6 management losses6 and illegal *se.
;rrigation efficiency eF/resses as ratio between water reach to /addy fields and water
inta-e.
Loss of irrigation water by canal system is generally considered as follows:
1 2 "". A at tertiary system
,. 2 1". A at secondary canal
,. 2 1". A at /rimary canal
Th*s6 total efficiency is:
G Eff. Tertiary system F Eff. Secondary system F Eff. rimary canal.
Hal*e of totally efficiency is aro*nd !. $ 2 !.,3. @or ena irrigation scheme6 losses in
each canal system are considered as follows:
%!A at tertiary system
$!A at secondary canal
$!A at /rimary canal
Th*s6 total efficiency is !.& .
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g) Cr$""i g "a##er
ro/osed cro//ing /attern for ena irrigation scheme is C addy ;2 addy ;; and alawiBa
starting from the firs half of November 1.
3.3. WATER A-AILA ILITY
The water availability for farming is *s*ally *sed on de/endable discharge %!A6 or failed
level "!A. The analyse res*lt of water availability of Noimina 9iver which based on the
calc*lation res*lt from Ni//on Ioei6 is shown on Ta%*e 3.1.
Ta%*e 3.1. De/endable Discharge %!A
Unit : m 3 /sec
8an*ary @ebr*ary 0arch 4/ril 0ay 8*ne
; ;; ; ;; ; ;; ; ;; ; ;; ; ;;
$#+% 13# $# % **#1% 11# % +#*% $# % $#*% #3% #1% '#$% +%
8*ly 4*g*st*s Se/tember ctober November December
; ;; ; ;; ; ;; ; ;; ; ;; ; ;;
&% 3# % 3#'% *#+% *#$% *#'% *#*% 1#$% 1#+% 1#$% 3#3% 3#'% Source: Analysis by Nippon Koei
3./. WATER ALANCE
;rrigation area is determined based on the water balance analysis6 *sing the following
form*la:
A 0 Q DR
5here:
4 G 4rea to irrigated ( a)
J G De/endable discharge (m 3?sec)
D9 G Diversion 9e=*irement (l?sec?ha)
n ena irrigation scheme6 cro//ing /attern addy ; 2 addy ;; 2 alawiBa is done with
calc*lation of irrigation water diversion needed with fo*r alternatives /lanting starting Nov'16
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Nov'"6 Des'16 Des'". The detail calc*lation can be seen on A##a 'e #& 6 and the calc*lation
res*lt is shown on Ta%*e 3.2 */ to Ta%*e 3. .
Ta%*e 3.2. 5ater alance for Nov'1
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Ta%*e 3.3. 5ater alance for Nov'"
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Ta%*e 3./. 5ater alance for Dec'1
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Ta%*e 3. . 5ater alance for Dec'"
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ase on the calc*lation res*lt6 that is choose alternative the first /lanting on Dec'1 with water
diversion needed ena irrigation scheme is 1.+1 lt?sec?ha ( Ta%*e 3./ ). 5idth of the irrigation
area that will be design is 36 !! ha6 so that will get the cro/ intensity is "$1A. The gra/hic of water balance ena 5eir is shown on Figure 3.2 .
3. . DRAINAGE MODUL
The drainage of ena irrigation scheme will be /rovided by a system which incor/orates a
collector drain and an internal drainage net wor- discharging to the nat*ral water co*rsescrossing the irrigation area. The drainage re=*irements are estimated for two -inds of area6 i.e.
the rice field area and the non'rice field area.
a. Ri e Fie*! Area
;n order to assess the drainage re=*irement in rice field6 the D 59D7s Design riteria was
ado/ted. The drainage water re=*irement for rice field area is estimated base on the maFim*m
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3'day rainfall with a ret*rn /eriod of years. Drainage water re=*irement of &.!! l?sec?ha was
*sed for designing drainage canal.
b. N$ Ri e Fie*! Area
The drainage water re=*irement for non'rice area is divided into two drainage re=*irements6
namely6 the /ea- drainage re=*irement and the design drainage re=*irement. The /ea-
drainage water re=*irement is estimated by the Der 5ed*wen or 9ational @orm*la7s by *sing
maFim*m daily rainfall with a years ret*rn /eriod.
The design drainage re=*irement is estimated by the following form*la *sing the maFim*m
one day rainfall with a 'years ret*rn /eriod.
Q! 0 4.115 a R6 ) A 4.72
Jd : Design drainage re=*irement (l?se)
4 : 9*noff coefficient
9( ) : 0aFim*m one day rainfall with a 'years ret*rn /eriod
4 : Drainage area (ha)
The design drainage discharge with a 'years ret*rn /eriod is:
Q! 0 1.52 8 .3 8 A 4.72
3.5. PEA9 DI:CHARGE
There are many nat*ral drains ? river from hill at the left side of irrigation area. The nat*ral
drain crossing with main canal6 so that need crossing str*ct*re i.e. a=*ed*ct6 cross drain6 andover ch*te. a/acity of its str*ct*re was designed with /ea- discharge. The catchment area
fig*re of nat*ral drain ? river is shown on A##a 'e #&.
4nalysis /ea- discharge for the eFternal drainage *se 9ational method6 that is method of
5ed*wen6 as/er6 and 0ononobe. ;n general method of 9ational can be written down as
follows:
Jn G K . ; . 4 or Jn G K . . = n . 4
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5here :
Jn G flood discharge for ret*rn /eriod n (m 3?s)>
M G catchment area (-m ")>
; G rainfall intensity (mm?ho*r)>
K G r*noff coefficient (')>
G red*ction coefficient of rainfall area>
=n G rainfall in m 3?s.-m " for ret*rn /eriod n
L G length of river (-m)
4ccording to 0ononobe7s method6 rainfall intensity can be calc*lated by the form*la as
follows :
; G ( 9n ? "+ ) ("+ ? t) "?3
5here :
t G L ? (," slo/e !.&)
4ccording to 5ed*wen and as/er6 r*noff coefficient can be eF/ressed:
' 5ed*wen : K G 1 2 (+.1?( . = n # ,))
' as/er : K G (1#!.!1".4 !., ) ? ( 1# !.!, 4 !., )
9*noff coefficient of the methods corres/onding to r*noff coefficient in the /roBect area that
re/resenting res*lt of the calibration and sim*lation rainfall'r*noff model (1$,,'1$$ ) from
the Tan- and Nreca model li-e as follows:
' on the ena basin : K G !." 2 !.+ >' on the 0ala-a basin : K G !.+%, 2 !.&>
Data of eFternal drainage on the ena irrigation area co*ld be seen on the Ta%*e 3.5 . and
9eca/it*lation for design of eFternal /ea- discharge co*ld be seen on the Ta%*e 3.; .
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Ta%*e 3.5. atchment 4rea data for eFternal drain
No. of .4
5idth of .4
(-m ")
Length of 9iver (-m)
Elevation
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eneraliOation of eFternal drainage flood discharge on ena ;rrigation area based on the
com/*tation flood discharge by 9ational method for vario*s ret*rn /eriod as the following
4=*etion.
J " G %.""!$ 4!. $,
6 9 "
G !.$%!&J G 1!.1%$ 4 !.&"&" 6 9 " G !.$%+!
J 1! G 11.""$ 4 !.&3, 6 9 " G !.$% "
J " G 1".3!3 4 !.&+%1 6 9 " G !.$%&3
J ! G 1".$,+ 4 !.& +! 6 9 " G !.$%&%
J 1!! G 13. &! 4 !.& %+ 6 9 " G !.$%,"5here J is flood discharge in m 3?s and 4 is atchment area in -m " .
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