Chapter 2Data in Science
Section 1: Tools and Models
Vocabularymass
amount of matter in an objectvolume
amount of space something occupiesmeasure of the size of an object in a 3D space
densityamount of a matter in a given volume
D = mass/volume D= m/v
Vocabularytemperature
measurement of how hot/cold substance ismodel
representation of object or a system
Vocabularytheory
a system of ideas that explains many related observations and is supported by a large body of evidence
Lawdescriptive statement or equation that reliably
predicts events under certain conditions
Tools in ScienceNeed to be accurateuse the proper tool
Making MeasurementsInternational System of Units
aka “metric system”based on multiples of 10
Making MeasurementsLength
meter (m)Mass
kilogram (kg)1 kg = 2.2 lbs
volumeliter ( L )
1 mL = 1 cm³
Densityratio of mass to volume
amount of matter inside
Models in Scienceused to simplify complex conceptsphysical
sketch or scale trainmathematical
weathereconomics
conceptualbig bang theory
Models in scienceRight size
models help to make large items easy to see
models brings to life unseen conceptssound waves
Limitationsonly as good as information put into it
Making Scientific Progress
Models:summarize infotool for communication
Making Scientific Progress
Scientific Theorybased upon repeated tests of a
hypothesisexplainsand predicts
Lawsummary of multiple experimentstells you how things workstronger than theory
Section 2: Organizing Data
Vocabularyindependent variabledependent variableaxis
Vocabularyindependent variable
the factor that is deliberately manipulateddependent variable
the factor that changes as a result of the independent variable being changed
Vocabularyaxis
one of two reference lines that mark the borders of a graph.
Dependent Variable
Independent Variable
Creating a Data Tableorganization is key
gather data from researchdata table with 2 columns
independent variable goes on x-axisfactor that is changed in an experiment
dependent variablesgoes on y axischanges as a result of the independent
variable
Creating a Data TableControlled parameter
factors that stay constant throughout the experiment
variable parameterfactors that change in an experiment
Creating a Graphhighly visual
easy format to see informationAxis
x-axis is horizontal x-axis is independent variabley-axis is verticaly-axis is dependent variable
Creating a tableRange
the extent of each variablesubtract the smallest value from the
largest value
Range:
x axis:
6 days- 1 days = 5 days
y axis
65 deg - 40 deg = 25 degrees
Creating a TableScale
each axis has its own scale factorData Points
plot data points firstthen find line of best fit
captures the most datalinear
Creating a TableLabels!
each axisand a title
Patterns Shown by Graphs
trenddirection or pattern of data
straight line = linearcurved line = non-linear
Patterns Shown by a Graph
Positive or Negative Relationship
Sec 3: Analyzing Your Data
vocabularyMeanMedianModeSlope
Vocabularymean- the number obtained by adding up the data and dividing by the sum of the occurances.
- aka… AVERAGE- median
- middle number when data arranged in order from lowest to highest
Vocabularymode- most frequently occurring value
slope- measure of the steepness of a line
- ratio of rise over run
Why Mathematics?• Math is international language• measures properties• exact• patterns can be seen
Accuracy of Data• make sure tools are functioning
correct• make sure you are using tool
properly
Reproducing Data• data must be reproducible in
future experiments • verifies the results
Describing Data Sets mean
average find the mean of
26, 20, 15, 27
Describing Data Set median
the middle number
Describing Data SetMode
➔number that appears most often
Slope of a Line➔rate of change ➔slant of a line
◆rise over run◆change of y values divided by the change
of x values
Slope of a Line Positive, Negative, or horizontal lines
Top Related