Chapter 12 – Chapter 12 – Section 5: Section 5:
China and the New China and the New Imperialism Imperialism
What did Europe and China trade?◦China traded silk, porcelain, tea◦Europeans gave gold, silver, opium
What was the Opium War?Causes– British grew opium in India and traded to
China for tea–many Chinese became addicted– China use silver to pay for opium → hurt
economy– Chinese govt tried to ban opium, but
Britain claimed free trade– Chinese complained because opium was
illegal in Britain, but still sold – 1839 war → Britain easily won
Results– 1842 Treaty of Nanjing–China paid indemnity → payment of losses in war–Britain received Hong Kong–China opened up 5 ports to foreign trade–British citizens in China got extraterritoriality → the right to live under own laws and be tried in own courts
– one of several unequal treaties that forced China to make concessions to western powers
What was the Taiping Rebellion?◦1850-1864◦peasants rebelled against poverty and
misery◦leader Hong Xiuquan → wanted
Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace◦won control of some parts of China
and almost took over Qing dynasty
How did China begin to reform?Self-Strengthening Movement– 1860s reformers– imported western technology–made factories– developed shipyards, railroads, mining,
industry– translated western works– not supported by govt → little progress
War with Japan– 1868 Japan began to modernize and join
imperialism– 1894 Sino-Japanese War (China vs. Japan)–Japan won and gained Taiwan–showed China’s weakness
Spheres of Influence– an area where outside power has exclusive
investment and trading rights– after China’s loss to Japan, western powers
moved to “carve out” spheres of influence– U.S. did not but wanted to trade → Open
Door Policy
What was the Boxer Rebellion?Causes– 1899 secret society Righteous Harmonious
Fists (used martial arts → called “Boxers”– wanted to get rid of foreigners in China– 1900 Boxers attacked foreigners– western powers and Japan made
multinational force and crushed revolt
Results / Effects– with defeat China had to make
concessions– China realized need to westernize– New Reforms:–women allowed to attend school– taught science and math–expanded economy
– nationalism spread
Who was Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian)?◦ Chinese nationalist who studied
in West◦ made Revolutionary Alliance◦ Goal: rebuild China on
“Three Principles of the People” Nationalism Democracy Livelihood – economic security
◦ Chinese Revolution 1910-1911◦ 1911 became president of new
Chinese Republic
Sun Yat-sen
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