Chapter 10: Population Dynamics
13
A B
C D
Age Structure
Metapopulation
Dispersal
Survivorship
Nt = Noert
E) Population Growth
Exponential Growth Logistic Growth
1 2
Extreme Population Growth I
3
ZEBRA MUSSELNative to the Streams of Southern Russia
4
Zebra Mussel DistributionFirst Detected in US 1988
Reasons? Consequences?
Extreme Population Growth II
1
Sea Lamprey Invasion
Sea Lamprey Invasion(First Noted in Great Lakes in 1830s)
Erie CanalWeiland Canal
Lamprey and Lake Trout Populations
http://www.nature.com/nchembio/journal/v1/n6/images/nchembio1105-316-F1.gif
Lampricides
Other Invasive Species in North America
“Rock Snot”
Diatom Didymospehnia geminata Eurasian Collared Dove
Other Invasive Species in North America
Africanized Honeybee Salt Cedar (Tamarix sp.)
5Chinch Bug (Blissus leucopterus)
Extreme Population Growth III(Native Species)
6
Fig. 14-10 in Ricklefs 2000
Populations are Dynamic!!
7 What factors contribute to changing population size?
Nt+1 = Nt + B + I - D - E
Factors that Influence Population Size
Rates of Population Change
Estimating Rates of Population Change: Nt
N
t
=dN f (b, d, i, e)dt
Quantifying Rates of Population Change (dN / dt)
8
9b
d
Quantifying Rates of Population Change (dN / dt)
10
Quantifying Rates of Population Change (dN / dt)
i
e
Fig. 10.2 in Molles 2008
“The Wild, Wacky World of Dispersal”
Dispersal: Animal Vectors
4
5
5
Dispersal: Explosive7
Zygomycete Fungus: Pilobolus
8
Measuring Dispersal Rates22
23
24
2
Measuring Dispersal Rates26
27
28
Measuring Dispersal Rates
1112
Dispersal: Natal
Fig. 10.3 in Molles 2006
Dispersal: Natal
Eurasian Collared Dove:Spread into Europe from Turkey after 1900
10
11 12
Dispersal: Natal
Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)
13Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
14
Dispersal in Response to Climate Change
North America (~ 20,000 Years Ago)
Fig. 10.8 in Molles 2008
Dispersal in Response to Climate Change
Voles (Microtis sp.)European Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)
DISPERSAL: Response to Short-Term Changes in Food Abundance
Fig. 10.7 in Molles 2006
NUMERICAL RESPONSEChange in Predator Population Density In Response to Prey Population Density
Dispersal: Drift
Fremont Cottonwood
Fig. 10.8 in Molles 2008 Nerita latissima
Pacific Ocean
Dispersal: Drift Why aren’t Populations Depleted?
Fig. 10.9 in Molles 2008
Rio Claro River (Costa Rica)
Pacific Ocean
Upstream Movement:Migrating and Stationary Populations
Fig. 10.9 in Molles 2008
Rio Claro River (Costa Rica)
Pacific Ocean
Nerita latissima
Colonization Cycle
Expanding Populations(Anthropogenic Factors)
12
European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
European Honeybee
African Honeybee Queen
Hybrid: Africanized Honey Bee
Expanding Populations (Anthrogenic Factors)
Apis melifera
Fig. 10.1 in Molles 2008
Expanding Populations (Anthrogenic Factors)
Africanized Honey Bee
Green Alga Pest: Caulerpa
Expanding Populations (Anthrogenic Factors)
Jacques Cousteau Institute (Monaco)
Expanding Populations (Anthrogenic Factors)
Expanding Populations: Anthropogenic Factors
2Eurasian Collared Dove:
Introduction into Bahamas: mid-1970s
Fig. 10.5 in Molles 2006
Rates of Expansion
Voles (Microtis sp.)European Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)
DISPERSAL: Response to Short-Term Changes in Food Abundance
Fig. 10.7 in Molles 2006
NUMERICAL RESPONSEChange in Predator Population Density In Response to Prey Population Density
Voles (Microtis sp.)
European Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus)
1516
Increased Reproduction Increased Dispersal
NUMERICAL RESPONSE MECHANISM:
OR
18
Metapopulation
19
(Subpopulations living on Habitat Patches connected by Exchange of Individuals among Patches)
Rocky Mountain Parnassian Butterfly(Parnassius smintheus)
20
18
Alpine Meadow Habitat
Patch Size and Population Density
22
Fig. 10.11 in Molles 2008
(Butteflies More Likely to Disperse from Large than Small Patches)
(Patch Size has Decreased by 77% since 1952)
Metapopulations and Conservation Management
1 http://www.columbia.edu/itc/cerc/danoff-burg/invasion_bio/inv_spp_summ/petromyzon_marinus5.JPG
2 http://flickr.com/photos/clbrannan/434745581/&usg=__TO6bcIHgjW65pqa XDwW_0acrf2Y=&h=375&w=500&sz=95&hl=en&start=20&tbnid=ohqI0mQF-Py3IM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dturtle%2Bnotched%2Bshell%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG
3 http://www.tiem.utk.edu/~mmfuller/WebDocs/HTMLfiles/collared-dove.html&usg=__TAlqcRFEO2Ln-BJiQeXqY7S6q-w=&h=629&w=579&sz=140&hl=en&start=29&um=1&tbnid=-4in4-eY61RRpM:&tbnh=137&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deurasian%2Bcollared%2Bdistribution%2Bunited%2Bstates%26start%3D20%26ndsp%3D20%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
4 http://parish-wildlife.org.uk/images/Pictures/Visits/Bealsmill/fox%20poo.jpg
5 http://www.ontariowildflower.com/images/common_burdock_seed.jpg
6 http://www.finchester.org/dogs/dog_diary/uploaded_images/CRW_3865BurInFur_cn-797464.jpg
7 http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/31-08-Pilobolus.jpg
8 http://bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/Mycology/images/Topics/Animal_Interactions/ Pilobolus2.jpg
9 http://fungalgenomes.org/blog/wpcontent/uploads/2008/09/pone-03-09-moneycut.jpg
10 http://www.hamiltonnature.org/birds/images/CollaredDove1.jpg
11 http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3122/3122330699_0bb43a42c0.jpg
12 http://www.le.ac.uk/ge/genie/vgec/images/bacteria.jpg
13 http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/42906000/jpg/_42906379_6.jpg
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