Universitas Indonesia
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1. Background
Reinforced concrete structure is the most widely used structural
material in the world. Famous for being a cheap building material which
components are accessible, it has been used in many structures, such as
bridges and buildings. Reinforced concrete consists of Portland cement
concrete and reinforcing steel bars, which creates such structural properties
which capable in resisting both axial load and bending moment.
Among many structural systems available, structural rigid frame is
one of the most well-known among engineers and used extensively in many
buildings. Structural frame consists of beams and columns bound together so
it may support the load which is induced to it, along with the weight of the
frame itself. Since the column and beam should be tied together to perform
structural function, beam-column connection is used.
In reinforced concrete beam-column connection in rigid frames, it is
usually assumed that the connection itself is rigid; that means the beam
rotation is restrained in respect to the connection. In fact, the connection
between the beam and column itself may not always behave that way. Semi-
rigid behavior may occur to the connection due to loss of stiffness, which is
caused by crackling of the concrete, which may be caused by many reasons;
such as repeated loading or earthquake. If the connection behaves semi-
rigidly, the beam may rotate to a certain degree in respect to the whole
connection, depending on the stiffness of the connection. Unfortunately,
unlike semi-rigid connection properties in steel, the semi-rigid behavior in
reinforced-concrete beam-column connection is yet not known well,
especially due to a wide range of combinations between reinforcement and
the dimension of the beam and column itself.
This paper is written based study which is done in order to
comprehend the semi-rigid behavior in reinforced concrete beam-column
1Christopher Kevinly
Universitas Indonesia
joins. To understand the semi-rigid properties in the beam-column
connection, exterior beam-column connections with different reinforcement
configuration and dimension are taken into analysis. Hopefully, by doing this
research, the behavior of reinforced concrete beam-column joint can be
comprehended better.
1.2. Aim and Objective
The aim of this research is to study the semi-rigidity of reinforced
concrete beam-column connection designed to withstand earthquake forces
based on SNI 1728:2012 and SNI 1728:2002 seismic code in accordance to
SNI 2847:2013 and SNI 2847:2002 structural concrete code respectively due
to bending moment through the moment-rotation relationship of the
connection. The result of this research can be gained by doing laboratory-
scale experiment or finite-element modeling by using software, depending on
the availability of funds. The objectives of this research are:
Planning the model of the connection sample, along with its
dimension and reinforcement configuration.
Modeling the connection through Drain-2DX software
Constructing the laboratory-scale sample.
Analyzing the results to get the rotational stiffness of the
connection modeled and tested.
Comparing the numerical result with the experimental results
1.3. Scope of Assessment
In this assessment, the problem is limited to the analysis the semi-
rigidity of beam-column external connection due to the bending moment
caused by semi-cyclic loading. The rotation of the beam due to shear and
axial force is not assessed in this paper.
The beam-column connections which are assessed are taken from a 6-
story building, which design complies with indonesian building codes (SNI
2847:2013 and SNI 2847:2002 for concrete structures, along with SNI
1726:2012 and SNI 1726:2002 for seismic design)
2Christopher Kevinly
Universitas Indonesia
1.4. Problem Statement
How will reinforced concrete beam-column joint behave
against the loading?
How will be the function of rotational stiffness of the concrete
beam-column joint built to withstand seismic force according
to SNI 1728:2012 and SNI 1728:2002 by using SNI 2847:2013
and SNI 2847:2002?
How will the numerical result and the experimental result
differ?
1.5. Presentation Outline
The result of the research will be presented in five chapters. The
chapters which will be written along with its details are:
Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter contains the general view of the research, along
with its aim, scope and hypotesis.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
This chapter contains the overview of the theorem used in
order to do this research.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
This chapter explains the methodology which is used in this
research. The methodology itself may be numerical finite-
element modeling or laboratory-scale experiment.
Chapter 4: Analysis and Discussion
This chapter contains the result of the experiment and
numerical modeling, along with their data processing. The
results from both of them are then compared.
Chapter 5: Conclusion
This chapter concludes all the process which has been done in
this research, along with the results and conclusion. This
chapter also contains the suggestion for future researchers.
3Christopher Kevinly
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