Intro to Anatomy and Physiology
Organization of the Human Body
Chapter 1
What is anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy is the science of body parts and the relationships among structures.
Physiology is the science of body functions and how the body parts work.
Because function can never be separated from structure, these are both studied together.
Each structure of the body is designed for a specific function.
Levels of Organization and Body Systems
The structures of the human body are organized on several levels.
Smallest to largest:Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system,
and organism.
ChemicalIncludes atoms and moleculesCertain atoms are essential for
maintaining life.Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
calcium are the main ones.DNA is responsible for all the genetic
material in our bodies.
Cellular
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of an organism.
Each cell contains organelles which perform specific functions.
Tissues
Tissues are groups of specialized cells that get together to perform a specific function.
There are 4 basic types of tissues.Epithelial, connective, muscle and
nervous
Organ
Organs usually have a recognizable shape, are composed or two or more specific types of tissues, and have a specific function.
Organ systemA system consists of related organs that
have a common function. The organs work together.
Organism
All systems in the body join together to create the organism.
Vocabulary Cards
AnatomyPhysiologyAtomMoleculeCellTissueOrgansystem
What processes do all living organisms have in common?
Life ProcessAll living organisms
Metabolism: sum of all chemical processes
Responsiveness or adaptation: detect and respond to changes in internal or external body
Movement
GrowthDifferentiation: cells become
specialized for specific functionsReproduction
Homeostasis
Maintaining a stable environmentBalance constantly adjusted at all
levelsInteraction of systems
Feedback SystemsNegative
Reverses
change
in controlled
system
Positive feedbackStrengthens a change in a controlled
condition
What type of cut is this?
Sagittal cut
What type of cut is this?
transverse
Frontal
What type of cut is this?
What type of cut is this?
oblique
Vocabulary CardsSuperiorInferiorAnteriorPosteriorMedial HomeostasisFeedback
system/loop
LateralProximalDistalSuperficialDeepObliqueSagittalParasagittalFront/coronaltransverse
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