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Dental Handpiecesand Accessories
Chapter 35
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Chapter 35
Lesson 35.1
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Learning Objectives
Pronounce, define, and spell the Key Terms.
Discuss the historical importance of the
dental handpiece.
Describe the low-speed handpiece and itsuse in dentistry.
Describe the attachments used on the low-
speed handpiece.
Describe the high-speed handpiece and its
uses.
Review other handpieces used in dentistry.
(Contd)
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Learning Objectives
Contd)
Identify dental handpieces and correctly attach them
to the dental unit.
Describe rotary instruments and how they are used.
List the parts of a bur. Give the composition, shape, and use of the carbide
and diamond burs.
Identify accessories and correctly attach them to the
low-speed handpiece. Identify rotary cutting instruments and correctly attach
them to the appropriate dental handpiece or
attachment.
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IntroductionRotary instruments are used to complete
different functions in the cutting, polishing,and finishing of tooth structure
and the restoration process
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The Evolution of Rotary Equipment
1940s
Introduction of rotary instruments
Belt-driven handpiece
Development of diamond cutting burs 1950s
Invention of tungsten carbide
Development of the air-driven turbine handpiece
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Dental HandpieceThe handpiece is the most frequently used
piece of machinery in dentistry. It provides
power to a rotary instrument that is used tocomplete the actual cutting or
polishing of tooth structure
and castings.
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Low-Speed Handpiece
Design
Straight in appearance
Standard length and shorty
Speeds range from 10,000 to 30,000 rotations perminute (rpm).
Powers the rotary instrument in both a forward
and a backward motion
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Fig. 35-2 Low-speed handpiece.(From Boyd L: Dental instruments: a pocket guide, ed 3, St Louis, 2009, Saunders.)
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Uses of the Low-Speed Handpiece
Clinical Removal of soft decay and finishing of cavity
preparations
Finishing and polishing of restorations
Coronal polishing and removal of stains Porcelain adjustments
Root canal treatment
Laboratory
Trimming and contouring of temporary crowns
Trimming and relining of removable partials and
dentures
Trimming and contouring of orthodontic
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Low-Speed Attachments
Straight attachments
Long-shank laboratory bur
Prophylaxis angle attachments
Contraangle attachment Latch-type rotary instruments
Mandrel
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Prophylaxis Angle
Used during polishing procedures to hold theprophylaxis cup and bristle brush
Two types
Plastic disposable prophy angle
Metal prophy angle
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Fig. 35-5 Disposable prophy cup and brush.
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High-Speed Handpiece
Design
One-piece unit with a slight curve
Operated by air pressure
Operates at speeds as high as 450,000 rpm Maintains a water-coolant system
Friction-grip locking system for rotary instruments
Fiberoptic lighting
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Fig. 35-6 High-speed handpiece.(From Boyd L: Dental instruments: a pocket guide, ed 3, St Louis, 2009, Saunders.)
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Uses of the High-Speed Handpiece
Removal of decay
Removal of old or faulty restorations
Reduction of the crown portion of a tooth in
preparation for a crown or bridge Preparation of an outline and retention
grooves for a new restoration
Finishing or polishing of a restoration
Sectioning of a tooth during a surgery
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Ultrasonic Handpiece
DesignAttaches to the dental unit
Powered by electricity
Primarily used for prophylaxis appointmentsAttachments similar in appearance to scaling
instruments
Delivers a pulsating spray of water
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Fig. 35-9 Ultrasonic handpiece.(From Boyd L: Dental instruments: a pocket guide, ed 3, St Louis, 2009, Saunders.)
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Uses of the Ultrasonic Handpiece
Removal of calculus
Removal of stains
Removal of bonding materials from the tooth
surface after orthodontic appliances areremoved
Removal of cement after orthodontic bands
are removed
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Laser Handpiece
Design Laser light beam, conducted through a fiberoptic
cable, instead of rotary instruments
Resemblance to a standard handpiece
Water-coolant system
Air-coolant system(Contd)
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Laser Handpiece
(Contd)
Uses
Cauterizing soft tissue
Vaporizing decayed tooth structure
Advantages
Usually painless
Generally no need for anesthesia
Speed of procedure Disadvantage
Cannot be used on teeth with existing restorations
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Air-Abrasion Handpiece
Design Small version of a sandblaster
High-pressure delivery of aluminum oxide particles
through a small probe
Uses Preparation of teeth for sealants
Removal of external stains
Class I through class VI preparations
Endodontic access
Crown margins
Preparation of the a tooth surface for the cementation
of a cast restoration (e.g., crown or veneer)(Contd)
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Air-Abrasion Handpiece
(Contd)
Uses
Preparation of teeth for sealants
Removal of external stains
Class I through class VI preparations
Endodontic access
Crown margins
Preparation of the tooth surface for thecementation of a cast restoration (e.g., a crown or
veneer)
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Laboratory Handpiece
Design Operates at speeds as high as 20,000 rpm
Uses laboratory burs
Greater torque than that of handpieces used
intraorally
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Handpiece Maintenance
General considerations Wear personal protective equipment and follow
universal precautions.
Clean debris from the external surface.
Clean the internal components of the handpiece.
Handpiece must be dry before being packaged.
Wrap the handpiece for sterilization.
Sterilize the handpiece. Wipe the light port on the fiber-optic with an
alcohol swab to remove any excess lubricant.
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Chapter 35
Lesson 35.2
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Learning Objectives
Describe rotary instruments and how they areused.
List the parts of a bur.
Give the composition, shape, and use of thecarbide and diamond burs
Identify accessories and correctly attach them
to the low-speed handpiece.
Identify rotary cutting instruments and
correctly attach them to the appropriate
dental handpiece or attachment.
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Rotary Cutting Instruments
Three basic parts to a rotary instrument Shank: Portion that fits into the handpiece.
Straight shank
Latch type shank
Friction grip shank
Neck: Portion of the rotary instrument that
connects the shank and the head.
Head: The cutting, polishing, or finishing portion.
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Fig. 35-13 Bur parts and types of shanks: A, Long straight lab.
B, Latch-type. C, Friction grip.(From Robinson D, Bird D: Essentials of dental assisting, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2001, Saunders.)
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Dental Burs
Rotary instruments with sharp cutting head.
Uses
Tooth preparation.
Excavation of decay. Finishing cavity walls.
Finishing restoration surfaces.
Taking out old fillings.
Finishing crown preparations. Separating crowns and bridges.
Adjusting and correcting acrylic temporaries.
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Fig. 35-15 Finishing rotary instruments(Courtesy Miltex, Inc, York, Pennsylvania.)
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Fig. 35-16 Abrasive materials for rotary instruments.(D, From Boyd L: Dental Instruments: A Pocket Guide, ed 3, St. Louis, 2009, Saunders.)
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