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Challenges in Measuring Challenges in Measuring Governance ImpactGovernance Impact
The Experience of ENCISSThe Experience of ENCISSPrepared and presented byPrepared and presented by
PATRICK E. ROBIN – Main PATRICK E. ROBIN – Main AuthorAuthor
Ahmed Ag Aboubacrine and Ahmed Ag Aboubacrine and Andrew Lavali – Co Authors Andrew Lavali – Co Authors
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This short paper has been This short paper has been divided into three parts.divided into three parts.
Country ContextCountry Context
Review of relevant Review of relevant literartureliterarture
Challenges in Measuring Challenges in Measuring Governance Impact: Case of Governance Impact: Case of ENCISSENCISS
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Country BackgroundCountry Background
Gained independence in 1961Gained independence in 1961
Huge deposits of mineralsHuge deposits of minerals
A vibrant agricultural sectorA vibrant agricultural sector
Referred to as Athens of West AfricaReferred to as Athens of West Africa
Post-independence history marred Post-independence history marred with frustrating absurdity – undermined with frustrating absurdity – undermined this great potential for national this great potential for national developmentdevelopment
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Some StatisticsSome Statistics
Population stands at approx. 5mPopulation stands at approx. 5m
57% live on less than 1 US/day57% live on less than 1 US/day
26% live in extreme poverty26% live in extreme poverty
Over 70% of women and 50% of men Over 70% of women and 50% of men are illiterate are illiterate
Average life expectancy is 42yrs Average life expectancy is 42yrs
A qtr of children die before they reach A qtr of children die before they reach age 5 & mothers have a one in six age 5 & mothers have a one in six chance of dying at child birthchance of dying at child birth
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Political ArenaPolitical Arena After attainment of sovereignty – enjoyed brief multi-party democracy. The decline started.
Coup d’etat after 1967 general elections
One party political dictatorship interspersed with military interregnum
One party rule characterized by neglect of social needs, economic mismanagement and bad governance
Resulting malaise is the rebel uprising in 1991 and the initial popularity of the 1992 coup d’etat
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Challenge for Sierra LeoneChallenge for Sierra Leone Is to move towards sustainable Is to move towards sustainable peace and development. Thanks to peace and development. Thanks to development partners for a development partners for a substantial investment in SL.substantial investment in SL.
For the above to happen better For the above to happen better democratic governance on the part of democratic governance on the part of SL leadership must previal, thereby SL leadership must previal, thereby encouraging dialogue, promoting encouraging dialogue, promoting voice and inclusionvoice and inclusion
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1. Making attribution to the 1. Making attribution to the change in governance change in governance
In evaluating ENCISS’ effectiveness to In evaluating ENCISS’ effectiveness to improving the governance landscape in improving the governance landscape in
Sierra Leone, it faces the problem of Sierra Leone, it faces the problem of attribution —that is of being able to attribution —that is of being able to show a clear causal linkage between show a clear causal linkage between
ENCISS activities and changes in ENCISS activities and changes in governancegovernance.
MajorMajor Stakeholders – PA and CS. Stakeholders – PA and CS.
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1. Making attribution to the 1. Making attribution to the change in governance Cont’dchange in governance Cont’d
E.g. 1. E.g. 1. The achievement of outcome The achievement of outcome indicators like, indicators like, ““effective institutions effective institutions
(state and civil society) of good (state and civil society) of good governance in place promoting governance in place promoting
democratic decision making” and democratic decision making” and “effective pro-poor resource allocation “effective pro-poor resource allocation
at the national and local levels”at the national and local levels” lie lie outside ENCISS’ powers and needs political outside ENCISS’ powers and needs political
willwill
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1. Making attribution to the 1. Making attribution to the change in governance Cont’dchange in governance Cont’d
E.g. 2. Indicators relating to E.g. 2. Indicators relating to behavioural behavioural shifts/changes from citizens i.e. shifts/changes from citizens i.e. “ “60% of citizens in 60% of citizens in
targeted districts know where and how to targeted districts know where and how to access their rights to education, health and access their rights to education, health and food” and “level and quality of response by food” and “level and quality of response by chiefs (in 20 chiefdoms) and five (5) local chiefs (in 20 chiefdoms) and five (5) local
council to concerns of poor and marginalised council to concerns of poor and marginalised people (youths and women’s groups) in 8 people (youths and women’s groups) in 8
targeted districts”targeted districts” . Could be achieved through Could be achieved through multi-scale intervention involving many stakeholders multi-scale intervention involving many stakeholders
and not ENCISS aloneand not ENCISS alone
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2. Indicator Definition – 2. Indicator Definition – Qut&QulQut&Qul
ENCISS faces the challenge of ENCISS faces the challenge of adequately specifying their adequately specifying their
meaning or providing concrete meaning or providing concrete operational definition of these operational definition of these indicators so they do not lend indicators so they do not lend
themselves to easy themselves to easy interpretation of success. interpretation of success.
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3. How can we measure and 3. How can we measure and evaluate ENCISS’ impact evaluate ENCISS’ impact
with regards to its effects with regards to its effects on the two overarching on the two overarching
reform processes: PRS and reform processes: PRS and Decentralization. Linking Decentralization. Linking
governance to development governance to development outcomes is complexoutcomes is complex
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4. Weak Capacity of CSOs and 4. Weak Capacity of CSOs and limited space for engagement.limited space for engagement.
In SL, the capacity of CSOs are In SL, the capacity of CSOs are very weak. The concept of social very weak. The concept of social accountability is also new. The accountability is also new. The
Challenge faced by ENCISS: They Challenge faced by ENCISS: They cannot collectively articulate their cannot collectively articulate their feedback on service delivery. Also feedback on service delivery. Also challenged in using participatory challenged in using participatory monitoring tools i.e. CRC & CSCmonitoring tools i.e. CRC & CSC
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5. 5. Ethnic and political Ethnic and political polarization – this was clearly polarization – this was clearly manifested in the last general manifested in the last general
elections conducted in elections conducted in September 2007. This coupled September 2007. This coupled
with the reluctance of citizens to with the reluctance of citizens to give honest and critical feedback give honest and critical feedback
on government performance.on government performance.
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6. Another challenge is measuring 6. Another challenge is measuring governance in a context where governance in a context where
many are bordered about “Bread many are bordered about “Bread and Butter” issue. Poverty is and Butter” issue. Poverty is widespread in Sierra Leone. widespread in Sierra Leone.
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