Cellular Respiration: Phase 1Glycolysis: It takes 10 enzymes, it takes 10 steps…
Essential Question(s)
1. How does cellular respiration enable heterotrophs to harvest free energy from simple carbohydrates?
Harvesting Stored Energy
Glucose
Redox in Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 6O2 ATP 6H2O 6CO2+ + +
glucose + oxygen energy + water + carbondioxide
resp
iratio
n
+ heat
oxidation
reduction
Overview of Cellular Respiration
Overview of Cellular Respiration
Overview of Cellular Respiration
Evolutionary Perspective of Glycolysis
Glycolysis
Glycolysis: Glucose Priming
Pi
3
6
4,5
ADP
NAD+
Glucose
hexokinase
phosphoglucoseisomerase
phosphofructokinase
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)
Dihydroxyacetonephosphate
Glucose 6-phosphate
Fructose 6-phosphate
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
isomerase
glyceraldehyde3-phosphatedehydrogenase
aldolase
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate(BPG)
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate(BPG)
1
2
ATP
ADP
ATP
NADHNAD+
NADHPi
CH2
C OCH2OH
P O
CH2 O P
OCHOH
C
CH2 O P
OCHOH
CH2 O POCH2OP
O
PO
CH2
H
CH2OHO
CH2 POO
CH2OH
P O
Glycolysis: Energy Harvest
7
8
H2O9
10
ADP
ATP3-Phosphoglycerate(3PG)
3-Phosphoglycerate(3PG)
2-Phosphoglycerate(2PG)
2-Phosphoglycerate(2PG)
Phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)
Phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)
Pyruvate Pyruvate
phosphoglyceratekinase
phosphoglycero-mutase
enolase
pyruvate kinase
ADP
ATP
ADP
ATP
ADP
ATP
H2O
CH2OH
CH3
CH2
O-
OC
PH
CHOH
O-
O-
O-
C
C
C
C
C
C
P
P
O
OO
OO
O
CH2
NAD+
NADHNAD+
NADH
G3PC-C-C-P
PiPi 6
DHAPP-C-C-C
Glycolysis: Electron Shuttles
Substrate-Level PhosphorylationH2O
9
10
Phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)
Phosphoenolpyruvate(PEP)
Pyruvate Pyruvate
enolase
pyruvate kinaseADP
ATP
ADP
ATP
H2O
CH3
O-
OC
O-
CC
C
POO
O
CH2
Glycolysis: SummaryEndergonicInvest some ATP
ExergonicHarvest a little ATP and NADH
Net Yield+ 2 ATP+ 2 NADH
Energy Accounting of Glycolysis
2 ATP 2 ADP
4 ADP ATP4
2 NAD+ 2
glucose pyruvate2x6C 3C
Enduring Understandings1. Heterotrophs capture free energy present in carbon compounds
produced by other animals, and metabolize carbs, lipids, and proteins by hydrolysis.
2. Cellular respiration in eukaryotes involves a series of coordinated enzyme-catalyzed reactions that harvest free energy from simple carbohydrates.
3. Glycolysis rearranges the bonds in glucose molecules, releasing free energy to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, and resulting in the production of pyruvate.
4. Different energy-capturing processes use different types of electron acceptors
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