Cells
Advanced Animal Science
Questions to ponder (sgpt)
• 1. What is a cell?
• 2. Are cells alive?
• 3. Where do cells come from?
Cell Theory
• A. All organisms are made of one or more cells• B. Cells are alike in their structure and
composition• C. All cells carry out similar functions that
keep them alive• D. New cells arise only from old cells, usually
by dividing into two equal parts at regular intervals
• Have you ever seen a cell? • Describe what you remember about it.
• Most cells are very, very small, so tiny that they can only be seen with the aid of a microscope. Your body is composed of billions of cells!
• Within your body, cells have different functions. We have blood cells, skin cells, brain cells...the list goes on. Despite their differences, cells in living organisms for the most part have similar structures and functions.
What are cells made of?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_937748&feature=iv&src_vid=LP7xAr2FDFU&v=fKEaTt9heNM
• You may want to take notes!!
Handout
• Color the Plant and Animal Cells and give the function of each of the organelles listed.
Plant Cells
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASYG1JQy7K4
The differences between plant and animal cells
PLANT CELLS1. Cell wall
a. Made of celluloseb. Gives support and shape
2. Plastidsa. Leucoplasts
(1) Colorless structures where glucose is changed into starch
(2) Storage for starch, lipids or proteinsb. Chromoplasts (1) Manufacture and store pigments
(2) Give fruits, vegetables and leaves their bright color
c. Chloroplasts (1) Contain green chlorophyll pigment (2) Site of photosynthesis (food
production) in the plant cell
ANIMAL CELLS1. Microtubules give the
cell its shape
2. Centriolesa. Located near nucleus
b. Function in cell division for reproduction
Specialized Animal Cells
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8uXewS9dJU
Blood cells
1. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin to carry oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide from cells
2. White blood cells--important in body defense
– a. Phagocytic leukocytes flow to the infection site and engulf the bacteria
– b. Lymphocytes attack foreign cells directly or secrete an enzyme that immobilizes foreign substances
– c. Many white blood cells die while defending the body and make up pus
3. Platelets--important in blood clotting
Nerve Cells
• Carry messages and direction throughout the nervous system
Muscle Cells
1.Striated--Skeletal or voluntary muscle cells (controlled by conscious choice)
2. Smooth--Involuntary muscle cells found in
the walls of the digestive tract, blood vessels, urinary organs and reproductive organs
3.Cardiac--Conduct impulses within the heart
Bone Cells
Make up most of the skeleton on vertebrate animals
Fat Cells
1.Make up fat (adipose tissue) which is deposited around internal organs, between muscle branches and under the skin
2.Supplies reserve energy when food supply is scarce or sporadic
Gamete (Sex Cells)
• 1. Reproductive cell
• 2. An egg or sperm
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