Cell Chemistry
LPA 2013-2014Week 3
Standard 2.3
Monday Objective
• I will describe cell theory and relate it to the nature of science.
Bell work
• Read pages 120-124.
Reading Questions
• What questions do you have as a result of your reading?
Vocabulary Review
• Make sure you remember the definitions for the following terms from Middle School:– Cell– Microscopes– Bacteria
Vocabulary
• Create vocabulary flashcards for the following terms:– Light Microscope– Electron Microscope
Observing Cells
• 1665 – Robert Hooke created a primitive _________ microscope.
• Many ____________ in a cell are too small to see with a light microscope.
Observing Cells
• 1950s – The powerful electron microscope was created.
• ____________ microscopes show many _________ structures in a cell.
• Electron microscopes may only image _______ cells.
Cell Theory
• Rudolf Virchow – proposed that __________ only come from other ________.
• Theodor Schwann – All ____________ are made of __________.
• Matthias Jakob Schleiden – All _________ are made of __________.
Cell Theory
1. All __________ are composed of cells.2. Cells are ______ and the basic living units of
organization in all organisms.3. All cells come from ______ _______.
Levels of Organization
• ____________ organisms have many types of ____________ cells in their bodies.
Levels of Organization
OrganismOrgan SystemOrganTissueCellOrganelleMoleculeAtom
Monday Objective
• I will describe cell theory and relate it to the nature of science.
Homework
• Complete questions 1-9 on page 125.
• Read pages 126 – 132.
Tuesday Objective
• I will identify different cells.
• I will describe cell structures and their functions.
Bell work
• Complete questions 1-3 on page 133.
Reading Questions
• What questions do you have as a result of your reading?
Vocabulary Review
• Make sure you remember the definitions for the following terms from Middle School:– Cell– Prokaryote– Eukaryote– Nucleus– DNA
Vocabulary
• Create vocabulary flashcards for the following terms:– Organelle– Plasmid– Plasma Membrane– Cytosol– Cytoplasm– Chromosome
Cell Types
• Prokaryotic cells do not contain ___________- __________ organelles like a ____________.
• Eukaryotic cells contain __________ - __________ organelles like a ___________, ___________, or ____________.
Prokaryotes
• Do not have a __________ or other membrane-bound ____________.
• Prokaryotic cells are much ___________ and __________ than eukaryotes.
• DNA is a large ___________ that is coiled up.• May contain smaller circles of DNA called
____________.• Example: ___________ and archaebacteria
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
• Contain a ___________, and other membrane-bound ____________.
• Eukaryotic cells may be _______________.• DNA is contained in a _____________.• Examples: __________, ___________,
___________, and ___________.
Eukaryote
Plasma Membrane
• The plasma membrane is a __________ layer of phospholipids with ___________ randomly placed throughout.
• The plasma membrane is also known as the _______ _______________.
• The plasma membrane controls what goes ________ and _______ of a cell.
Plasma Membrane
Cytosol
• The cytosol is the ___________ fluid-like substance that surrounds all the organelles of a cell.
• The cytosol is composed of ___________ and other __________ (such as ___________).
Cytoplasm
• The cytoplasm is a term that refers to the _________ and all the organelles of a cell except for the __________.
Nucleus
• The nucleus is a ____________ - bound organelle that contains most of the ___________ material of a cell.
• The nuclear membrane controls which molecules go in and out of the ___________.
Chromosomes
• The DNA in a nucleus is wrapped in _________ and then coiled to form _____________.
• The genetic material directs which ____________ are made and then shipped to other parts of the cell or body.
Mitochondria
• Mitochondria generate cellular __________, called __________, needed to power chemical reactions.
• Mitochondria are found in ALL ____________ cells.
Chloroplasts
• Site of ________________.• Found in plants, ________, and some
___________.
Other Eukaryotic Organelles
• ___________ are storage centers.• ___________ contain enzymes that break
down old molecules.• The ____________ gives the cell structure like
your bones.• ___________ interpret RNA and creates
proteins.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• The ____________ ____________ (ER) is a membranous maze surrounding the nucleus.
• ________ ER has ribosomes attached to the membrane and produces ___________.
• ________ ER does not have ribosomes and produces ___________.
ER
Golgi Apparatus
• The golgi apparatus receives the ___________ from the rough ER.
• It packages the proteins by adding a ________ molecule.
• It ships the package to the correct place in the _______.
Golgi Apparatus
Plant Cells
• Plant cells are ____________ cells.• Differ from animal cells in the following ways:– Plant cells contain a large central ___________.• Contains water, nutrients and wastes• Makes up 90% of the cell’s volumes
– Animal cells contain much smaller __________.
Plant Cell
Plant Cells
• Plant cells have a ________ __________ in addition to a cell membrane.
• This _______ ________ provides __________, rigidity and ___________ to the cell.
• Other organisms with a cell wall include:– Fungi– Bacteria
Plant Cells
• Plant cells have ____________ which are the site of photosynthesis. Animals cells do not have these.
Tuesday Objective
• I will identify different cells.
• I will describe cell structures and their functions.
Homework
• Complete questions 4-7 on page 133.
• Read pages 134-139.
Wednesday Objective
• I will describe types of transport across the cell membrane.
Bell work
• Complete questions 3-5 on page 140.
Reading Questions
• What questions do you have as a result of your reading?
Vocabulary Review
• Make sure you remember the definitions for the following terms:– Cell membrane– Concentration
Vocabulary
• Create vocabulary flashcards for the following terms:– Semipermeable Membrane– Passive Transport– Diffusion– Facilitated Diffusion– Active Transport– Vesicle
Quiz
• C =NO communication except with the teacher.• H =Raise your hand and wait to speak.• A =Take the test. Answer every question.• M =Do not get out of your seat or into your bags.• P =Finish the test. When you finish, turn your
paper over and describe the process of photosynthesis.
Wednesday Objective
• I will describe types of transport across the cell membrane.
Homework
• Complete questions 6-8 on page 140.
Thursday Objective
• I will describe types of transport across the cell membrane.
Bell work
• Complete questions 9 & 10 on page 140.
Demonstration
• Create a scientific diagram that records the ingredients of each beaker and each plastic bag.
• Check the beakers at 5 minutes intervals.• Draw new diagrams every time you check the
beakers.
Transport
• The cell membrane is _____________ permeable, or “semipermeable,” which means that only some ___________ can get through the membrane.
• Water and small non-charged molecules such as __________ and CO2 slip around the phospholipids.
• Larger ____________ and _________ molecules cannot slip across the membrane.
Cell Membrane
Passive Transport
• Passive transport is the _____________ of molecules and particles across a cell membrane without the input of __________.
• Types of Passive Transport:– Diffusion– Facilitated Diffusion
Diffusion
• Diffusion is the ______________ of molecules from an area of ________ concentration to an area of ________ concentration.
• Diffusion does not require ___________.• Diffusion occurs by the __________
movement of molecules.
Osmosis
• Osmosis is the diffusion of ____________.– Hypotonic – the external water solution has a
_________ concentration of dissolved material than the cytosol.
– Hypertonic – The external water solution has a _________ concentration of dissolved material than the cytosol.
– Isotonic – the external water solution has the _________ concentration of dissolved material as the cytosol.
Facilitated Diffusion
• Simple diffusion works for ______ molecules and ____-_________ molecules.
• Large molecules and charged molecules cannot slip past the ________________ heads of the cell membrane.
• _______________ diffusion is the use of proteins to transport large molecules and charged molecules into or out of the cell.
Channel Proteins
• __________ or charged molecules move across the cell membrane through ___________ proteins.
• ___________ proteins are always open and act like a _________.
• Channel proteins do not require energy; so they are a form of ___________ transport.
Carrier Proteins
• _______ molecules are ___________ across the cell membranes when they meet a carrier protein.
• Carrier proteins do not require energy; so they are a form of ___________ transport.
Active Transport
• Active transport moves molecules __________ the concentration gradient.– From an area of _______ concentration to an area
of _______ concentration.
• Active transport requires ________ and _________ proteins to move the molecules.
Vesicles
• A vesicle is a small bubble of ___________ that transports a large to the _______ _____________.
• Vesicle formation requires ___________.
– Exocytosis – the vesicle transports a molecule from within the cell to the cell membrane.
– Endocytosis – the vesicle forms at the cell membrane and transports the molecule into the cell.
Thursday Objective
• I will describe types of transport across the cell membrane.
Homework
• Complete questions 1 & 2 on page 140.
Friday Objective
• I will describe osmosis in hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions.
Bell work
• Review the lab instructions. • Record your questions in the margins.
Demonstration
• Create a scientific diagram that records the ingredients of each beaker and each plastic bag.
• Check the beakers at 5 minutes intervals.• Draw new diagrams every time you check the
beakers.
Phet Simulation
• Virtual Membrane Diffusion Lab
• http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/membrane-channels
Friday Objective
• I will describe osmosis in hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions.
Homework
• Complete the worksheet.
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