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Car Refrigerant for India
HFC 134a
New Age CarRefrigerant for India
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Executive Summary
Unprecedented rise in the demand for Car
Refrigerants in India due to phenomenal growthin the Automobile Industry.
Current Refrigerants used : CFC 12 and otherfluorocarbons and their environmental impact.
Use of newer and eco friendly Refrigerants likeHFC 134a , their advantages and futureprospects.
Indian Scenario in regard to MAC( Mobile Air
Conditioning)
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Indian Automobile Industry 03 -04
Landmark Year - 1 Million mark achieved. *
Sales grew 32.20 % in 03 - 04(9,00,752 units indomestic sales and 129,316 units of exports)
Growth expected to inundate the market in theforthcoming years.
Tremendous boost to Indian economic growth. Increased demand for mobile air conditioning
(MAC) units.
*Source : Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers {SIAM})
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Repercussions of Growth
Excessive usage of CFCs contributing to
Global Warming , damage to stratosphericozone layer.
CFCs used in the MAC units in India are notregulated for their release ,when the carsare scrapped & junked.
CFCs released have a long atmosphericshell life of around 100 years.
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Fluorocarbons
CFCs , HCFCs , HFCs
Excellent Thermodynamic properties , non flammable .
Ozone Depletion Potential (ODPs) of the fluorocarbons :
Ozone Dep et on Potent a s
1 0
0 11
0 065
0 055
0 0
Fuorocarbons
F -134a
F -22
F -142b
F -141b
F -12
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Destruction of Ozone
CFCs absorb the UV rays , and then disintegrate
through photochemical reactions releasing freeChlorine atoms.
CFCl3 (g) + hv CFCl2 (g) +Cl(g)CF2Cl2 (g) + hv CF2Cl (g) +Cl(g)
The Final Reaction thus :
203 (g) 302 (g)
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Destruction of Ozone(Cont..)
Fluorocarbon
Atmospheric Life
(Years)
HFC-134a 14
HCFC-22 13.3CFC-12 102
Ozone Distribution in the Atmosphere
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CFC 12 v HFC 134a
High ODP of 1.0
Much Higher GlobalWarming Potential thanHFC 134a
Longer Atmospheric Life 100 years
Not affected by naturalprocesses thus tend toaccumulate.
Negligible ODP of 0.0
Weak greenhouse gas Short atmospheric life
14 years
Easily destroyed bynatural processes , does
not accumulate
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Production Data
Production o uorocar on
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Ti
ar
E
i
ion
'
M
trictonn
CFC - 12
HFC - 134a
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Emissions Data
Emissions o oro ar ons
0.0
25.0
50.0
75.0
100.0
125.0
150.0
175.0
200.0
225.0
250.0
275.0
300.0
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
im
ars
Emissions
M
tri
!
tonn
s"
C C 12
H C 134a
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Global Conventions Fluorocarbons
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in
1976 Issue of Ozone Depletion was tackled. The 1985 Vienna Convention Systematic
observation of the ozone layer, monitoring of CFCs.
The Montreal protocol on substances that depletethe ozone layer September 1987 Phase out till2000.
The Kyoto Protocol aims at reducing Greenhousegases emissions including CFCs.
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HFC 134a Car Refrigerant
The HFC-134a refrigerant has replaced CFC-12 in the
western countries.
US EPA has recommended HFC 134a as a eco friendly
refrigerant , promoting it as a replacement for CFCs.
HFC 134a has met with the desired performance and
system durability.
Global giants like Honda , Toyota , Mitsubishi , Audi ,
Hyundai have embraced HFC 134a .
Smaller units due to smaller molecular size of HFCs
Higher efficiency units which require lesser parts , tubes
etc
Cost effective in the long run.
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Indian Scenario
The heavy usage of local a/c , in various small towns.
Scrapping & Junking.
Excessive leakages and poor efficiency units .
Bright Prospects:
Arrival of multinationals bringing in HFC 134atechnologies.
Emergence of Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs)authorized service agents, a/c manufactured and fitted inthe factories.
The World Bank has decided to give India $ 82 millioncompensation for phase out of CFCs , if India meets the2010 deadline.
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Review
The colossal growth of Indian Car Industry and therelated environmental impacts with regard to a/cunits.
Introduction to fluorocarbons ,ozone depletion , thedetrimental effects of CFCs.
Evaluation of HFC 134a as a car refrigerant in
India. The benefits of using HFC 134a units especially in
India.
Good solutions exist today if chosen wisely!!!!
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References
Websites :
www.afeas.orgwww.indiacar.net
www.eia.doe.gov
www.autocar.com
www.epa.gov
Reports :
Chemical Economic Handbook(CEH) on Fluorocarbonsby SRI International Limited.
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Thanking you!!!
Presented By :
Abhishek Srivastava , Mukul Pathak
3rd Year , Environmental Engg.
Delhi College ofEngineering.
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