Index
Page numbers followed by “t ” indicates tables and “f ” indicates figures.
abdomenCO2 insufflation of, 12identification of layers, 9introducer cap/introducer sleeve
insertion, 23lower, vascularization of, 47postoperative pain management, 37primary trocar insertion /intestinal
injuries, 49trauma reduction strategy, 47trocar insertion, 11, 23washing of, 33
abdominal hysterectomy, 239, 248, 280, 304,323, 341
complication rates, 356vs. laparoscopic hysterectomy, 341,
356–361vs. vaginal hysterectomy, 356–361
abdominal surgery, during pregnancy,499–507
appendicitis, 499–500gallstone removal, 500laparoscopic surgery, 500–507
abortions. See spontaneous abortions; tubalabortions
abscessesappendiceal/diverticular, 179from ovarian cyst aspiration, 188tubo-ovarian abscesses, 112, 179, 199
Abu-Rustum, N. R., 479accessory trocars, 11, 47–48
complications, 587management, 587prevention, 587recognition, 587
needle introduction through,placement of,sites for, 47–48
actinomycin D, 87tAdamyan, L. V., 419adeno/adenosquamous carcinoma, of
cervix, 90tadhesions. See also intrauterine adhesions;
laparoscopic adhesiolysis;para-ovarian peritubaladhesions
formation of, 305–306minimally invasive surgery value,
305–306
peritoneal instillatescrystalloids, 30732% Dextran 70 (Hyskon), 307–308hyaluronic acid, 308
and carboxymethylcellulose(Sepracoat), 308
with ferric ion (intergel), 308hydrogel (SprayGel), 308viscous gel, 308–309
pharmacologic interventions, 307prevention of, and minilap myomectomy,
329reformation classification, 306risk factors/clinical significance, 304–305solid adhesion barriers
expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(Gore-Tex), 309–310
hyaluronic acid/carboxymethylcellulose(Seprafilm), 310–311
oxidized regenerated cellulose(Interceed), 309
value of adjuvants, 306–307Adiana system, of sterilization, 171adnexal masses. See also ovarian cysts
benign ovarian tumors, 180tclinical presentation/evaluation
history/physical exam, 180–181laboratory studies, 181–182pelvic imaging, role of, 181
differential diagnosis of, 180tetiology
postmenopausal patient, 179–180,190–191
premenarchal patient, 179reproductive-age patient, 179
key points regarding, 185malignant vs. benign, 180tmanagement
indications for surgery, 182–183in pregnancy, 184–185use of laparoscopy, 183–184
preoperative evaluationCT/MRI, 188cyst aspiration, 188physical examination, 187serum markers, 188ultrasound, 187–188
symptoms, 179treatment, 188, 197
medical, 188–189recommendations, 189, 197
tumor markers, 181tadriamycin, 87tadult stem cells (ASCs), 90al-Took, S., 265Alborzi, S., 135Alcazar, J. L., 181Alex, J. C., 447Allardyce, R., 490amenorrhea
and adnexal mass, 179and Asherman’s syndrome, 102causes of, 417gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
inducement of, 266and intrauterine adhesions, 143and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),
244and progestin-containing IUD, 155temporary, in uterine fibroid embolization
(UFE), 339American Society for Reproductive Medicine
(ASRM), 1endometriosis classification, 263nomenclature standardization system,
134polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
diagnostic criteria, 244scoring system, for endometriosis, 263unicornuate uterus classification, 363
Amin, H. K., 173Amos, J. D., 500Amreich, I., 453Anaf, V., 479anatomy. See also intraperitoneal/
retroperitoneal anatomyfor cystoscopy, 539genital, and Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-
Hauser Syndrome, 417of GI tract, 530–531
colon, 530–531small bowel, 530
laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation(LUNA), 430–432
laparoscopic vaginal vault suspension,400–404
of presacral neurectomy, 425–426of rectovaginal fistula, 413
617
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anatomy (Contd.)of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 378of ureters, 527vagina, post-hysterectomy, 400–404
anesthesiachoices of, 37complications, 587–588preoperative evaluation/premedication, 37recovery from, 37
pain management, 37postoperative nausea/vomiting, 37
Animated Endoscopic System for OptimalPositioning (AESOP), 31
anterior surgical repair, for stressincontinence, 379–380
antibiotic prophylaxisand cystoscopic procedures,and operative hysteroscopies, 100and retropubic urethral suspension,and tubo-ovarian abscess, 239
antiestrogen compounds, with in vitrofertilization, 87–88
antral follicles, in vitro maturation of oocytesfrom, 85–86
aortic lymphadenectomy, 466–467indications, 466–467intraoperative complications, 467selection of patients for avoidance,
466–471aorto-bifemoral bypass technique, 517–518appendectomy, laparoscopic, 544–550
for appendicitis, 549for endometriosis, 265incidental, 545–546reasons for, 544–545
appendiceal endometriosis, 284–285appendicitis, in pregnancy, 499–500,
546–549Arikan, G., 579Asherman’s syndrome, 102aspiration
for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 36of gastric contents, protection from, 37of ovarian cysts, 1, 2, 14
aspiration-injection needles, 14, 23assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs)
treatmentanesthesia, 107–112embryo transfer, 112history of, 106luteal support, 112–113patient assessment/ovarian stimulation,
106–107procedure description, 112room setup, 107U.S. data, 106vacuum/needle setup, 107
Atlas of Contract Hysteroscopy and Endoscopy(Baggish), 2, 583t
Atlas of Pelvic Surgery (Wheeless), 2, 583tatraumatic forceps, 14
bacterial peritonitis, 304Baggish, M. S., 2, 583tBagley, C. M., 435
Ball, C. G., 549balloon-catheter system, 96Barat, C., 544Barnes, J., 258Barranger, E., 451Ben-Yehuda, O. M., 577Benassi, L., 322benign cystic teratomas, 179, 192fbenign lesion excision, for pediatric patients,
513–514benign metastasis, theory of, 251Berci, G., 3Berek, J. S., 484, 485Berends, F. J., 489Beretta, P., 275Berry, J. D., 271Bezzi, M., 27Biggerstaff, E. D., 425bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO),
248, 280endometriosis, 265and hormone replacement therapy, 266for thoracic endometriosis syndrome, 261
biliary disease, in pregnant patients, 500bimanual pelvic examination, for myomas,
316Bio-Robotics Group (Stanford University),
562biopsies
endometrial, and hysteroscopy, 577–578of ovaries, 199
biopsy forceps, 15bipolar forceps, 17, 349bipolar needle electrodes, 137bipolar vessel-sealing devices, 17Black, W. T., 425, 427, 428bladder flap development, for hysterectomy,
344–345bladder injuries, complications, 589
management, 589prevention, 589recognition, 589
bleomycin, 87tbody habitus, 48Boitke, G. M., 444Bombard, J., 430borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs), 475–476Bouvy, N. D., 491bowel adhesions, 44, 49, 58, 269–270
bowel distention, 48bowel injury from trocar insertion, 49, 57,
595bowel preparation
one-day, 41tfor ovarian remnant surgery, 212three-day, 41t
complicationslarge, 595
management, 595prevention, 595recognition, 595
small, 592–595management, 593–595prevention, 592recognition, 592–593
lysis of, 269–270radiation complications from, 435
bowel resectionfor endometriosis, 265, 285–287hemostasis during, 17three-day preparation program for, 40
brachial plexus injury, 36Bradley, W. H., 578bradycardia/bradyarrhythmias, 35, 112breast cancer, 86
and adnexal masses, 180and lymphatic mapping, 447mortality, 87and oophorectomy, 199stage I-IV, 90t
Bristow, R. E., 478Brodman, M. L., 277bronchoscopy, for thoracic endometriosis,
259Brosens, I., 272Buist, M. R., 451Burch, J. C., 366, 368Burke, T. W., 447Burkitt lymphoma, 90tBurney, T.L., 443Burton, G., 373Busacca, M., 265Butler, J. C., 582Byron, J. W., 46
CA-125 tumor antigen, 181, 188, 189, 191,482, 485
Cabanas, R., 447Camatte, P., 476cameras, 27–31
equipment for, 29–30parts of
camera control unit (CCU), 27, 31camera head, 27, 28charge coupled device (CCD) sensor,
28, 30coupler (lens), 27–28
resolution, 31scanning formats, 30–31types of
high-definition three chip, 28single chip, 28three chip, 28
Cameron cavicamera, 2cancer. See also specific types
breast cancer, 86and adnexal masses, 180and lymphatic mapping, 447mortality declines, 87and oophorectomy, 199stage I-IV, 90t
cervical cancerearly-stage (stage IA2-IB1), 447,
451laparoscopic sentinel lymph node
identification, 447–451stage IIB, 441stages IA, IB, IIA, 444vaginal radical hysterectomy treatment,
453
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Index — 619
and cryopreservation of immatureoocytes, 85
early-stage cervical cancer (stage IA2-IB1),447, 451
of fallopian tubes, 179, 475, 572gynecological cancer
classification of, 436and operative laparoscopy, 435in postmenopausal women, 239
of ovaries, 179, 182, 184, 187, 248transmission of cells/ovarian
transplantation, 90, 91fand uterine bleeding, 155and in vitro maturation of oocytes, 86
cancer risksof colon, 90tfrom ovarian transplantation
high risk (≥10%), 90tlow risk (≤1%), 90tmoderate risk (1%-10%), 90t
Candiani, G. B., 267capnography, for CO2 emboli detection, 36Capsi, E., 304Carbonell, A. M., 19cardinal ligament, 71, 74, 342Cardoza, L. D., 372Carey, M. R., 373Carter, J. E., 21, 401fCasey, A. C., 486catamenial hemoptysis (CH), 258catamenial hemothorax (CHt), 258catamenial pneumothorax (CP), 258catheters
balloon-catheter system, 96, 97Cook Echo-Tip catheter, 116for embryo transfer, 112, 115
influence of repeat placement, 118Foley catheters, 32, 40, 59, 100, 584insemination catheters, 97intraperitoneal, and second-look
laparoscopy, 478–479intrauterine catheterization, 97, 112reliability/ease of use study, 97soft embryo catheters, 116, 120studies
Frydman vs. Wallace, 116Frydman vs. Wallace vs. TDT, 117reliability/ease of use, 97
in transabdominal ultrasonography,116–117
visualization of, 118Ceana gloves, 24–26cecum, distention of,cervical cancer
early-stage (stage IA2-IB1), 447, 451laparoscopic sentinel lymph node
identification, 447–451radical vaginal hysterectomy treatment,
453stage IIB, 441stages IA, IB, IIA, 444
Cervini, P., 545Cha, K. Y., 84, 85Champault, G., 490Chang, M. C., 106
chemical peritonitis, 304chemotherapy preconditioning, for
autologous hematopoietic stemcell transplantation, 83
Chen, C., 84, 428Chen, F. P., 425Cheon, W., 373Chernobilisky, B., 271Childers, J. M., 439, 444Chin, H. Y., 321Chlamydia trachomatis, 237chlorambucil, 87tcholelithiasis, asymptomatic/symptomatic,
500chronic pelvic pain (CPP)
and appendiceal endometriosis, 284and endometriosis, 251, 254, 263, 291and intraperitoneal adhesions, 304and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),
237, 239and presacral neurectomy/uterosacral
neurectomy, 294cisplatinum, 87tClark, T. J., 578classical intrafascial supracervical
hysterectomy (CISH), 356classification
of endometriosis, 252tof extent/severity of intrauterine
adhesions, 143of genital tract abnormalities, 417of gynecologic cancer, 436of laparoscopically-assisted hysterectomy,
341of malignant ovarian tumors, 183of nomenclature, by American Society for
Reproductive Medicine, 134of rectovaginal fistulas, 413of rudimentary uterine horn, 365of submucous myomas, 316
claw-tooth and spoon forceps, 19clinical touch transfer, of embryos, 117,
118–119and increased ectopic pregnancy rate,
121vs. transvaginal ultrasound-assisted
transfer, 122clomiphene citrate
challenge test, for ovarian reserveassessment, 87
for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),245
for treatment of anovulatory infertility,209
Clough, K. B., 486CO2
abdominal distension via, 12embolism
capnography detection of, 36insufflation during laparoscopy, 35, 43lethal dosage of, 36usage, for pneumoperitoneum, 35
CO2 lasers, 205–206, 212, 264, 265, 269, 287,312, 321, 342, 432
Cohen, C. J., 485
Cohen, M., 2Coleman, R. L., 448Collard, M., 448Collazo, L. M., 264Collete, J., 448colorectal surgery, 531colposuspensions. See Marshall-
Marchetti-Krantz (MMK)colposuspension; retropubicBurch colposuspension
colpotomyavoidance of, 356for benign cystic teratomas, 195–197for ovarian cystectomy, 195risks of, 209rudimentary horn extraction, 364vaginal incision, 321vaginal/laparoscopic closure of, 209
complicationsanesthesia, 587–588bleeding, 588–589, 595–596contraindications, 582–583from DES exposure, 102ectopic pregnancy from in vitro
fertilization, 121electrosurgical injuries, 588from fluid media, 138hysterosalpingography (HSG),hysteroscopic metroplasty, 140–141intraoperative, from aortic
lymphadenectomy, 467intrauterine synechiae, 102laparoscopic, intraoperative, 36–37laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation
(LUNA), 433during late-trimester pregnancy, 101linear stapler, 19lymphadenectomy, 438–444minimally invasive slings (MIS),
389–390oocyte retrieval, 112outpatient laparoscopic sterilizations, 3presacral neurectomy, 428–429prevention of, 582procedural failures, 583reduction of, 45resectoscope use, 173retropubic Burch colposuspension,
371–372trocars, 11, 40, 46, 46t (See also
complications, trocars)sharp trocars vs. blunt, 11
ureteral injuries, 589–592management, 591–592prevention, 589–590recognition, 590–591
uterine injuries, 589Veress needle insertion, 11, 40, 46, 46t
management, 584prevention, 583–584recognition, 584
complications, bladder injuries, 589management, 589prevention, 589recognition, 589
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complications, bowelslarge, 595
management, 595prevention, 595recognition, 595
small, 592–595management, 593–595prevention, 592recognition, 592–593
complications, pneumoperitoneum, 584–585prevention, 584recognition, 584treatment, 585
complications, postoperative, 595–597bleeding, 595–596incisional hernia, 596–597infection, 596mortality, 597nerve injuries, 596pain, 596vaginal cuff dehiscence, 597
complications, trocarsaccessory, 587
management, 587prevention, 587recognition, 587
primary, 585–587prevention, 585–586recognition, 586–587
computed tomography (CT)for adnexal masses, 181, 188for bowel injury, 390for cervical cancer, 452for myomas, 316for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 238for thoracic endometriosis, 259
congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), 244containment bags, 197contraindications. See also indications
for hormone replacement therapy, 266for hysterosalpingography (HSG), 98for hysteroscopic tubal cannulation, 163for hysteroscopy, 98for laparoscopy, 37, 48, 184for uterine fibroid embolization (UFE),
335Cooper, M. J., 371Cornillie, L. J., 267cornual synechiae, 129Corson, S., 57Cotte, M. G., 427, 428Counseller, V. S., 430CPP. See chronic pelvic pain (CPP)Craig, W., 430Crohn’s disease, 413Cryogen (HerOption) system, for
endometrial ablationmethodology, 174outcomes, 175risk factors, 174–175
cryopreservationof embryos, 84of immature oocytes, 85of oocytes, 83–85of ovarian tissue,
crystalloids, 307culdoscopy, 40, 137Curet, M. J., 501Cushing’s syndrome, 244cyclophosphamide, 87tcystadenomas, serous/mucinous, 179cystectomy, ovarian, 191, 195cystic teratomas, benign, 195–197cystoscopy, 537–540
anatomy, 539antibiotic prophylaxis, 540for hysterectomy, 342indications, 537instruments, 537–539for laparoscopic Burch colposuspension,
366, 371for ovarian endometriosis, 272for ovarian remnant, 247for recurrent hematuria, 278for retropubic urethral suspension,for retropubic urethropexies, 381technique, 539–540for uterosacral ligament suspension, 402for vesical endometriosis, 281
cystourethrocele repair, 407–408cysts. See also ovarian cysts
aspiration of, 1blastocysts, inner cell mass (ICM) of, 91Morgagni peritubal cysts, 199peritoneal cysts,urachal cysts,
cytomegalovirus,cytoreductive surgery, for ovarian cancer,
440, 478
danazolfor hysteroscopy, 137for thoracic endometriosis, 260for type IIA endometriomas, 272
Dargent, D., 435, 436, 450, 453, 458da Vinci surgical robot, suturing device, 319Davis, A. A., 428Davis, G. D., 433Davydov, S. N., 418, 419Debodinance, P., 375DeCherney, A. H, 49, 173, 427Deffieux, X., 476Delorme, E., 386Demco, L., 267Desolle, L., 330Dextran (32%) 70 (Hyskon), 307–308diagnostic laparoscopy, 269Diamond, M. P., 306diaphragmatic endometriosis, 289–291Dicker, D., 140diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure, 102–103dilatation and curettage (D&C)
and hysteroscopy, 577Dingfelder, J., 57Dion, Y. M., 516dioxin (TCDD), and endometriosis, 253disadvantages of laparoscopic surgery, 27disposable trocars, 57–58
vascular injuries from, 44, 57Dobronte, Z., 489
Donnez, J., 87, 289, 476Doppler sonography, 181, 184
for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 238Dorum, A., 180Dottino, P. R., 183Doty, E., 309Doyle, E. B., 430Doyle, M. B., 136Dunn, M. R., 200Dwyer, P. L., 371dysgenetic gonads, 205–206dysgerminomas, 184dysmenorrhea, 275
and endometriosis, 251, 252, 263, 267and intrauterine adhesions, 143and presacral neurectomy, 296, 425and rudimentary uterine horn, 363and UPLIFT procedure, 394and uterine fibroid embolization (UFE),
334and uterosacral transection/ablation, 430
dyspareunia, 275, 316and endometriosis, 251, 267and rudimentary uterine horn, 363and uterine fibroid embolization (UFE),
334
early-stage cervical cancer (stage IA2-IB1),447, 451
ectopic kidneys,ectopic pregnancy. See also interstitial
pregnancyaccessory site suggestions, 48detection methods, 215diagnosis
laboratory studies, 217–218physical findings, 217, 217tsymptoms, 217
incidence of, 215intraabdominal bleeding from, 582and IUDs, 216nonsurgical management, 232–233
expectant management, 232medical treatment, 232–233
risk factors, 215, 216tsalpingostomy for, 15, 19, 23statistics
in United Kingdom, 215in United States, 215
and transabdominal ultrasonography,121
treatment, 218–231laparoscopic techniques
salpingectomy, 223–231salpingotomy, 219–231tubal resection, 223
Edwards, I. K., 252Edwards, Roger, 85, 106efficacy
and accessibility, of methotrexate, 232of classical intrafascial supracervical
hysterectomy, 356of CO2 laser surgery, 264, 265of combined hyaluronic acid/
carboxymethylcellulose, 311
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Index — 621
of cross-linked hyaluronic gel, foradhesions, 309
of dextran (32%) 70, for adhesions, 308of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, for
adhesions, 310of expectant management, 232of harmonic scalpel w/bipolar
vessel-sealing devices, 19of laparoscopic adhesiolysis, 264of minilaparotomy, in abdominal
myomectomies, 322of oophorectomy, 199of steroids, for adhesions, 307of surgical instruments, in endometriosis,
263of uterine fibroid embolization (UFE),
335–337of video-operative laparoscopy, 5
electro-cauterization, in tubal sterilizations, 2electrosurgical generator, 17, 33ELEVEST procedure, 398–399Ellis, H., 304, 305embolization. See uterine fibroid
embolizationembryo transfer
air bubbles, in uterine cavity, 123alternate techniques, 117–118
clinical touch transfer, 117, 118–119full-bladder technique, 117mock transfer technique, 117
catheters for, 112, 115distance from fundus, 123operator influence on, 118placement debate, 125post procedure bed rest, 124–125at top/bottom of uterine cavity, 123and transvaginal ultrasonography,
121–122and ultrasonography, 115–126
embryonic stem cells (ESCs)derivation of, 91oocyte generation from, 91–92primordial germ cell formation from, 91totipotency of, 91
Endoloop (Ethicon) suture, 64endoluminal vascular trainers, 553–557endometrial ablation
Cryogen (HerOption) systemmethodology, 174outcomes, 175risk factors, 174–175
HydroThermAblator systemmethodology, 176outcomes, 178risk factors, 176
Microwave Endometrial Ablation systemmethodology, 175–176outcomes, 176risk factors, 176
Novasure systemmethodology, 174outcomes, 174risk factors, 174
Thermachoice systemmethodology, 173–174
outcomes, 173–174risk factors, 173
via hysteroscopically directed laser, 173endometrial cancer, 88, 444
conversion to laparotomy, 467–468diagnosis, and hysteroscopy, 577–578
dilatation and curettage, 577endometrial biopsy, 577–578minimally invasive management, 579observation, 578
GOG study of pathologic spread, 578laparoscopic applications
contraindications, 470–471cost, 470for morbidly obese patients, 471–472perioperative data/morbidity, 467postoperative complications, 468quality-of-life measures, 470recurrence, 468–470surgical staging, 466, 472–473surgical technique, 465survival, 470
microinvasive endometrial cancer,466–467
recurrent endometrial cancer, 472–473endometrial cavity
assessment for patient with infertilitydiagnostic modalities
hysterosalpingography, 96hysteroscopy, 98–100sonohysterography, 97–98transvaginal sonography, 97
technique comparison, 98pathology affecting, 100–103
DES exposure, 102–103endometrial polyps, 100–101intrauterine synechiae, 102leiomyomata, 101uterine septation, 101–102
endometrial polyps, 97fdetection technique comparison, 101and estrogen, 100
endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), 252endometriomas, 192f. See also rectovaginal
endometriosisendometriosis. See also appendiceal
endometriosis; diaphragmaticendometriosis; gastrointestinalendometriosis; genitourinaryendometriosis; hepaticendometriosis; microscopicendometriosis; nodularendometriosis; ovarianendometriosis; pelvicendometriosis; thoracicendometriosis syndrome (TES);vesical endometriosis
accessory site suggestions for, 48and adhesions, 304appearances of, 267–269appendix inspection for, 52causative for infertility, 129and CPP, 251, 254, 263, 291diagnosis, missed/understaged, 267and dioxin, 253
and dysmenorrhea, 251, 252, 263, 267effect on in vitro fertilization cycles,
297–298efficacy of surgical instruments, 263as factor in disease predisposition,
252–253future developments, 298hormonal replacement therapy,
266–267implants, treatment, 269–291
diagnostic laparoscopy, 269operative laparoscopy
appendiceal endometriosis,284–285
bowel resection, 285–287cul-de-sac restoration, 287–289diaphragmatic endometriosis,
289–291genitourinary endometriosis,
277–278hepatic endometriosis, 289lysis of bowel adhesions, 269–270ovarian endometriosis resection,
271–277peritoneal implants, 270–271ureteral involvement, 278
diagnosis, 278obstruction, 279–281surgical technique, 278–279
vesical endometriosis, 281–284tubo-ovarian anatomy restoration, 291
one-day preparation program for, 40pain management, 291–296pathogenesis theories
candidate genes, 253tclassification of, 252tendometrial origin
benign metastasis, 251retrograde menstruation, 251–252
immune factor implications, 254,254t
nonendometrial origin, 251peritoneal factor implications,
253–254reconciliation of disparities, 255
post-surgical fertility outcomes, 296–297rectosigmoid, sigmoidoscopy for, 40recurrence minimization, 298research cofounders, 254–255surgical management, 263–266
conservative operations, 265laparoscopy vs. laparotomy, 264–265radical operations, 265–266tools, 263
treatment via laparoscopy, 1and tubo-ovarian abscesses, 238–239
endometritisand pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),
237postpartum, 237tuberculous, and uterine factor
infertility, 102and tubo-ovarian abscess, 237and uterine fibroid embolization (UFE),
338
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Endopath (EES) trocars, 58endoscopic technology precursors, 2–3
Cameron cavicamera, 2gastrocamera, 2miniaturized endo-cameras, 3television/color film broadcasts, 3
endoscopic ultrasound, 27Endoscopy and Gynecology (Frangeheim),
2, 583tEpstein, E., 577equipment. See also Animated Endoscopic
System for Optimal Positioning(AESOP); cameras; catheters;operating room setup; trocars;Veress needles
aspiration-injection needles, 23biopsy forceps, 15Ceana glove, 24–26claw-tooth and spoon forceps, 19electrosurgical generator/bipolar
forceps, 17endoscopic ultrasound, 27forceps, 14graspers, specialized, 21harmonic scalpel, 19hydrodissection pump, 13insufflator, 12laparoscope, 9laparotomy-type instruments, 27light cord, 12–13light sources, 13linear stapler, 19morcellators, 21myoma screw, 21port closure instruments, 26–27problems/troubleshooting, 31robotics, 31–32scissors, 15specimen retrieval bag, 21–23suction-irrigator probe, 13trocar port dilation instruments, 23uterine manipulators, 23–24vascular clips, 19vessel-sealing systems, 17–19
equipment, positioning of, 32–33hydrodissection pump, 33lasers/laser recording, 33light sources/insufflator/electrogenerator,
33operating room table, 32–33preparation/procedure termination, 33video monitors, 33video recording, 33
esophageal atresia repair, for pediatricpatients, 513
esophageal Doppler probes, 36Essure system, of sterilization
bilateral micro-insert placement/tubalocclusion rate, 168–169
clinical use/technique, 165–167description/mechanism of action,
165histologic studies, 167–168patient tolerance/adverse events, 170pregnancy rates, 170
estrogenand cryopreservation of immature
oocytes, 85disorders dependent on, 101for endometriosis, 266influence on endometrial polyps, 100and polycystic ovarian disease, 85post-septoplasty administration, 138for reepithelialization promotion, 149in vitro fertilization with antiestrogen
compounds, 87–88European Society of Human
Reproduction/American Societyfor Reproductive Medicine(ESHRE/ASRM), 244
Ewing sarcoma, 90texpanded polytetrafluoroethylene
(Gore-Tex), 309–310extracorporeal knotting, of sutures, 64–69extragonadal adenocarcinoma, 266–267
Fagotti, A., 478fallopian tubes. See also hysteroscopic tubal
cannulationand adnexal masses, 179cancer of, 179, 475, 572distal disease etiology
adhesions, 129fimbrial phimosis, 129hydrosalpinges, 129
and ectopic pregnancy, 121, 125endometriosis of, 263four-pronged forceps for holding, 21hysterosalpingogram evaluation, 96, 135and hysteroscopic sterilization, 165primary carcinoma of, 239proximal disease etiology
cornual synechiae, 129mucus plugs, 129polyps, 129salpingitis isthmica nodosa, 129tubal endometriosis, 129
scissors for opening, 15visualization by laparoscopy, 237
Fatthy, H., 373Fayez, J. A., 264, 272Fedele, L., 136, 137Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
(FIGO) classification systems,436
femoral neuropathy, 36Ferland, R. D., 371ferric ion (Intergel), 308fertility
and endometriosis, 296–297human ESCs/reproduction, 90–92and hysteroscopic myomectomies,
158–159oocyte cryopreservation, 83–85ovarian tissue cryopreservation/
transplantation, 87, 91fovarian transplantation, case history, 83in vitro maturation of oocytes, 85–87
from antral follicles, 85–86of preantral/primordial oocytes, 86–87
fetal surgery, 514fiberoptic lasers, 148–149fimbrial phimosis, 129fimbrioplasty, 155-fluorouracil, 87tFlax, S., 371Foley catheters, 32, 40, 59, 100, 584forceps, types of
atraumatic/grasping, 14for biopsy, 15bipolar forceps, 17claw-tooth and spoon forceps, 19Remorgida 3-in-1 bipolar, 15
forever-scopy, 5four-dimensional ultrasonography, 122–123Fowler, J. M., 445Frangeheim, H., 2, 583tFrank, R. T., 418Friedman, E. A., 448Frydman catheters
for transabdominal ultrasonography, 115vs. Wallace catheters, 116
FSH stimulationand polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),
244prior to in vitro maturation of oocytes, 86
Fujii, M., 432fundoplication for GERD, for pediatric
patients, 511
Gardnerella vaginalis, 237gastrocamera, 2gastrointestinal endometriosis, 281. See also
colorectal surgerydiagnosis, 529–530GI tract anatomy, 530–531
colon, 530–531small bowel,
site of involvement, 529surgical results, 533–534surgical treatment, 531–533
appendectomy, 531–532ileocolic resection/small bowel
resection, 532rectal endometriosis procedures, 533segmental colon resection, 532–533
Gauwerky, J.F.H., 419genitourinary endometriosis, 277–278genuine stress incontinence (GSI), 366,
367, 373Gershenson, D. M., 484Ghirardini, G., 419Glasser, M. H., 322Glazerman, L., 404Gleicher, N., 106, 138GnRH agonist therapy
inducement of amenorrhea,for laparoscopic myomectomy, 317,
328–329uterine fibroids, 334
Godard, H., 448Goldberg, J., 331Goldrath, M. H., 173Goldstein, M. S., 277Gomel, V., 264, 591
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Index — 623
gonadotoxicity, of chemotherapeutic agentshigh risk, 87tintermediate risk, 87tlow risk, 87t
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)agonists
analogues, 107, 260down-regulation, 107endometriomas, 272inducement of amenorrhea,for laparoscopic myomectomy, 317,
328–329for large myomas, 353ovarian suppression by, 87stimulation test, 87for thoracic endometriosis, 260usage with hysteroscopy, 98, 137and uterine contraction, 156uterine fibroids, 334
gonads, dysgenetic, 205–206Gore-Tex expanded polytetrafluoroethylene,
309–310Gosden, Roger, 86Gould, E. A., 447Gracia, C. R., 516graspers, specialized, 21grasping forceps, 14Gu, M., 579Gucer, F., 579Gupta, A., 493Gutt, C. N., 491, 492, 493Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) study,
of primary ovarian tumors, 475,484, 485
gynecologic cancerclassification of, 436and operative laparoscopy, 435in postmenopausal women, 239
gynecoradiologic procedures, 138
Haemophilus influenzae, 237Hajenius, P. J., 233Hallez, J. P., 173hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS),
in ovarian cancer, 479Haney, A. F., 309hanging drop technique, of Veress needle
placement, 41Hanney, R., 57harmonic scalpel, 19, 264, 287, 349Hasson, H. M., 46, 57Heape, W., 106heat loss (hypothermia)
and wound infection, 36–37Heinonen, P. K., 134hematometra. See rudimentary uterine horn,
laparoscopic excisionhemodynamic changes, during laparoscopy,
35CO2 insufflation, 35SVR increase, 35
hemorrhagesafter metroplasty, 140and classical intrafascial supracervical
hysterectomy, 356
intraoperative, increased risks of, 199from lateral uterine/cervical perforations,
100manual tamponade, 60petechial, 537postpartum, 102, 331
hemostasis, 17hepatic endometriosis, 289hernias, incisional, 11, 26
formation at trocar site, 60Hertel, H., 458Hewett, P. J., 491high-risk patients
body habitus, 48bowel distention, 48
Hiller, D. A., 448hirsutism
and adnexal masses, 179and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),
244Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 90tHolub, Z., 445Homer, H. A., 140hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
for endometriosis, 266–267for intrauterine adhesions, 149for ovarian cysts, 189, 191
Huang, W. C., 374Hulka, J. F., 2, 583tHUMI uterine manipulators, 23, 344hyaluronic acid
with carboxymethylcelluloseand peritoneal instillates, 308and solid adhesion barriers, 310–311
with ferric ion (Intergel), 308hydrodissection pump, 13, 33hydrogel (SprayGel), 308hydrosalpinges
procedural choices for, 129–130surgical treatment of, 129
proximal tube occlusion, 130salpingectomy, 130–133ultrasound hydrosalpinx fluid
aspiration, 130HydroThermAblator (HTA) system, for
endometrial ablationmethodology, 176outcomes, 178risk factors, 176
hyperprolactinemia, 244hypomenorrhea, 143Hyskon (Dextran 32%), 307–308hysterectomy. See also abdominal
hysterectomy; classicalintrafascial supracervicalhysterectomy (CISH);laparoscopically assisted vaginalhysterectomy (LAVH); radicalvaginal hysterectomy;supracervical (subtotal)laparoscopic hysterectomy; totallaparoscopic hysterectomy(TLH)
for adhesions, 349–350classifications, 341
for endometriosis, 265, 349–350hemostasis during, 17indications, 341laparoscopic evaluation, 349for large myomas, 353–354outcome comparisons for vaginal/
abdominal/laparoscopic,356–361
preoperative evaluation, 342radical, origins of, 435technique, 342–349
bladder flap development, 344–345cardinal ligament, 346culdotomy, anterior/posterior, 346enterocoele prevention (Moschcowitz
procedure)upper broad ligament/adnexa, 342–344ureteral evaluation/dissection, 342uterine vessels, 345vaginal portion, 346
for thoracic endometriosis syndrome,261
hysterosalpingography (HSG)), 96for anatomic defect exclusion, 162complications, 96contraindications, 98for intrauterine adhesions, 144for uterine/mullerian abnormality
identification, 135vs. sonohysterography, in detection of
intrauterine pathology, 97hysteroscopic myomectomy
distention fluid, 153–154historical background, 152instrumentation, 152–153new techniques, 159–160patient evaluation/preparation, 154–156procedure, 156–158resultant menorrhagia/fertility, 158–159
hysteroscopic scissors, 144–146hysteroscopic septoplasty, 102hysteroscopic sterilization
Adiana system, 171Essure system
bilateral micro-insert placement/tubalocclusion rate, 168–169
clinical use/technique, 165–167description/mechanism of action, 165histologic studies, 167–168patient tolerance/adverse events, 170pregnancy rates, 170
Ovion system, 170–171hysteroscopic tubal cannulation. See
proximal tubal blockproximal tubal block
diagnosis, 162management, 162technique, 163–164
hysteroscopy, 98–100, 137contraindicationdistending media choices, 99endometrial cancer diagnosis, 577–578
diatation and curettage, 577endometrial biopsy, 577–578observation, 578
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624 — Index
hysteroscopy (Contd.)and gonadotropin-releasing hormone
agonist/oral contraceptives, 98,137
implications for peritoneal cytology,578–579
risk assessment, 578–579methodologies, 137procedures
endometrial polyp demonstration,100f
office performance of, 98patient tolerance of, 98submucosal leiomyomata, 101fvisual optimization of, 98
illumination issues, 3immune factor, in predisposition to disease,
254, 254tin vitro fertilization-intracytoplasmic sperm
injection (ICSI) cycles, 331in vitro fertilization (IVF)
with antiestrogen compounds, 87–88and breast cancer, 87ectopic pregnancy, as complication, 121and endometriosis, 297–298history of, 106and hydrosalpinges, 129and tubo-ovarian abscesses, 239
in vitro maturation (IVM) ofoocytes, 85–87
from antral follicles, 85history of, 85of preantral/primordial oocytes, 86–87short-course FSH stimulation prior to, 86
incidental appendectomy, by laparoscopy,545–546
indications. See also contraindicationsfor adnexal masses, 182–183for aortic lymphadenectomy, 466–467for cystoscopy, 537for hysterectomy, 341for intrauterine adhesions, 143–144for in vitro fertilization/assisted
reproductive technologies,106–113, 297
for laparoscopic vascular surgery, 516for laparoscopically assisted vaginal
hysterectomy, 361for oophorectomy, 199for ovarian cyst surgery, 183tfor pelvic lymphadenectomy, 466for presacral neurectomy, 426for surgery during pregnancy, 500for uterine septation surgery, 102
infertility. See also hydrosalpinges;salpingectomy
assessment of endometrial cavitydiagnostic modalities
hysterosalpingography, 96, 162hysteroscopy, 98–100saline sonohysterography, 97–98transvaginal sonography, 97
causes of, 129proximal tube occlusion, 162
and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),244
uterine factor, and tuberculousendometriosis, 102
inflammatory bowel diseaseand gastrointestinal endometriosis, 529,
531and pelvic adhesions, 304and rectovaginal fistulas, 413
infundibulopelvic ligament management,199–202
inner cell mass (ICM), of blastocysthuman embryonic stem cells derivation
from, 91insemination catheters, 97inspection for endometriosis, 52insufflator, 12, 33insulin resistance, and polycystic ovarian
syndrome (PCOS), 244Interceed (oxidized regenerated cellulose),
309Intergel ferric ion, 308interstitial pregnancy, 228–231intracorporeal knotting, of sutures, 64intraoperative complications, 36–37
CO2 embolism, 36fluid balance, 36heat loss, 36–37nerve injury, 36pneumomediastinum, 36pneumothorax, 36subcutaneous emphysema, 36
intraperitoneal catheters, and second-looklaparoscopy, 478–479
intraperitoneal lymphadenectomy, 435intraperitoneal/retroperitoneal anatomy
broad ligament, base of, 71–73para-aortic region, 76pelvis
avascular spacespararectal, 74paravesical space, 73presacral space, 74prevesical space of Retzius, 73vesicovaginal/rectovaginal spaces, 74
brim, 70lymph nodes, 71sidewall, 70–71
superficial intraperitoneal anatomy, 70ureters, 81–82
intrauterine adhesionshysteroscopic evaluation/treatment
diagnosis/indications for treatment,143–144
hysterosalpingogram, 144hysterosalpingography/hysteroscopy
combination, 143etiology/pathophysiology, 143intra-/postoperative management, 149treatment methods, 144–149treatment results, 149–150
stages of, 143intrauterine devices (IUDs), 216intrauterine synechiae, 102intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD), 366
Jaboulay, M., 425Jacobi, C. A., 491Jacobson, T. Z., 425James, C, 591Jarvis, G. J., 372Johnson, N. P., 431, 434Jones, H. W., 428Jones procedure, 134, 137Jurado, M., 181
Kadar, N., 217Kallen, B., 499Karande, V. C., 138Kavoussi, L. R., 439, 443, 445Kenton, K., 401Kim, D. H., 356Kim, S. H., 490Klingler, P. J., 479Knolmayer, T. J., 490KOH Colpotomizer system, 24, 346Kontoravdis, A., 130Krag, D. N., 447Krivak, T. C., 479Krone, H. A., 545Kudela, M., 579Kumaran, S. S., 414Kung, F. T., 579Kuno, K., 527Kwok, A., 425
Labate, J. S., 426Laine, S., 544Lang, G. S., 445laparoscope, 9laparoscopic adhesiolysis, 311–313laparoscopic lymphadenectomy, followed by
radical vaginal hysterectomy,458
laparoscopic morcellator, for specimenremoval, 320
laparoscopic myomectomy, 21, 23, 316–332.See also hysteroscopicmyomectomy; laparoscopicallyassisted myomectomy; vaginalmyomectomy/laparoscopicallyassisted vaginal myomectomy
and adnexal adhesions, 304disadvantages of, 334gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
therapy for, 317, 328–329minilap myomectomy, 329
adhesion prevention, 329surgical technique, 328use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
agonists, 328–329vs. laparoscopic myomectomy,
329–330pregnancy following, 330–332specimen removal techniques, 320–321surgical technique, 317–319uterine rupture following, 330
laparoscopic radical hysterectomy withpelvic lymphadenectomy,458–463
laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, 404–405
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Index — 625
laparoscopic surgery. See also diagnosticlaparoscopy; open laparoscopy;operative laparoscopy;postoperative issues;preoperative issues
for adnexal masses, 183–184anesthesia considerations, 37backlash to, 3–4benefits of, 183, 435disadvantages of, 27for ectopic pregnancy, 219–231for endometrial cancer, 465–473for endometriosis, 263–298hemodynamic changes during, 35high-risk patients, previous laparotomy,
48–52history of
1950s-early 1960s, 1early 1970s, 1–2endoscopic technology precursors, 2–3
Cameron cavicamera, 2gastrocamera, 2miniaturized endo-cameras, 3television/color film broadcasts, 3
illumination issues, 3pelviscopy demonstration, 4
inclusion in gynecologic residencyprograms, 3
for intestinal/omental injury evaluation,49
intraoperative complications, 36–37limitations of, 70metabolic response to, 35–36for neovaginal creation, 419–423performance statistics, U.S., 3during pregnancy, 184, 500–507principles of
end of operation, 52–53high-risk patients, 48–52patient preparation/position, 40pelvic exploration, 52pneumoperitoneum, 42–44postoperative care, 55–56preoperative evaluation, 40special techniques, 49–52trocar placement
accessory, 47–48primary, 44–47
Veress needle placement, 40–42renal response to, 35–36for rudimentary uterine horn, 363–365Vecchietti’s procedure, 419ventilatory changes during, 35
laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation (LUNA),430–434
anatomy, 430–432complications, 433double blind study, 430technique, 432–433
laparoscopic uterine suspension. See alsoOlshausen uterine suspension;Uterine Positioning by LigamentInvestment, Fixation, andTruncation (UPLIFT) technique
for pain/descensus, 394, 395–398
laparoscopic vaginal vault suspension,400–405
anatomy of, 400–404technique/results
uterosacral ligament suspension,401–404
laparoscopic vascular surgery (LVS), 516–518advantages of, 516aorto-bifemoral bypass technique,
517–518disadvantages of, 516–517indications/limitations of, 516role of, 518specific considerations, 516
laparoscopically assisted myomectomy,321–324
laparoscopically assisted vaginalhysterectomy (LAVH), 341,356–361
laparoscopically assisted vaginalmyomectomy (LAVM), 321
laparoscopically assisted vaginal radicalhysterectomy (LAVRH), 458
laparoscopy trainers, 553laparotomy
for ovarian cyst removal, 189vs. CO2 laser laparoscopy, 264vs. video-laparoscopy, 1, 264–265
laparotomy-type instruments, 27laser metroplasty, 137laser technology, 173, 263Latthe, P. M., 433Lauritsen, J. G., 106Lavergne, N., 140Lavin, J. M., 372lawsuits, for tubal sterilization failures, 4Leblanc, E., 475Lee, R. B., 427, 428Lee-Frankenhauser nerve plexus, 431, 432leiomyomas, 179
and embryo implantation, 100and fertility, 96intrauterine, resection of, 32laparoscopic myomectomy, 316–332uterine, and enlarged uterus, 41
Lenz, S., 106lesions, powder burn, 267leukemia, 90tLevenback, C., 447Leventhal, M. L., 209, 244, 245Leveque, J., 578Leveuf, J., 448Lichten, E. M., 430, 432Liebermann, J., 85ligament of Mackenrodt, 71LigaSure (LS) sealing device, 17, 344, 346,
350Lin, B-L, 173, 401flinear stapler, 19, 199, 286, 342, 476Liu, C. Y., 401Loffer, F. D., 577lower urinary tract (LUT) injury, from Burch
colposuspension, 371Luesley, D. M., 485Lundorff, P., 264
lung nodules, 258, 259luteal phase oocytes, 85Lyass, S., 500lymph nodes, of pelvis, 71lymphadenectomy, 435, 436–445
aortic lymphadenectomy, 466–467complications, 438–444
gastrointestinal injuries, 442–443genitourinary injuries, 443lymphocele/lymphedema, 443neurologic injuries, 443requiring laparotomy, 443–444vascular injuries, 439–442
followed by radical vaginal hysterectomy,458
learning curve, 445modalities, 445node retrieval adequacy, 444–445pelvic, with laparoscopic radical
hysterectomy, 458–463pelvic lymphadenectomy, 436–437
indications for, 466and microinvasive endometrial cancer,
466–467technique of
para-aortic lymphadenectomy,437–438
pelvic lymphadenectomy, 436–437lymphatic mapping
evaluation of, and sentinel node biopsy,447–448
M.D. Anderson technique, and sentinelnode biopsy, 448
safety of, 448technical challenges, for cervical cancer,
448lymphoma,Lyons, T. L., 404, 405lysis of bowel adhesions, 269–270
Mackenrodt, R., 284Mage, G., 211magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
for adnexal masses, 181, 184, 188for myomas, 316for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),
238for rudimentary uterine horn, 363for thoracic endometriosis, 259for uterine fibroid embolization (UFE),
335for uterine mapping, 322
Magos, A., 137Maher, C. F., 395Mais, V., 309major vascular injury (MVI), 520–523
of abdominal wall, 372anatomic landmarks, 521avoidance, from Veress needle
insertion, 41etiology of, 520incidence, 520from lymphadenectomy, 439–442from minimally invasive slings, 389–390from MIS, 389–390
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626 — Index
major vascular injury (MVI) (Contd.)operating table
patient position, 521surgeon position, 521
from presacral neurectomy, 428presentation, 520prevention
surgeon position, 523trocar design, 522trocar placement, 522–523
surgeon’s preventive role, 520–521treatment of, 521from trocars, 11, 44, 47, 57
Malur, S., 444, 450Manual of Endoscopy (AAGL), 2, 583tManufacturer and User Facility Device
Experience (MAUDE) database,of FDA
Cryogen system averse reports, 173HydroThermAblator system adverse
reports, 176Novasure system adverse reports, 174Thermachoice system adverse reports,
173Margossian, H., 372, 398, 404Markenson, G. A., 46Marret, H., 317Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz (MMK)
colposuspension, 366Martin, D. C., 271Matorras, R., 266Matthew, G., 490Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH)
syndrome, 251, 363, 417–419.See also Mullerian, Renal,Cervicothoracic, Somite(MURCS) abnormalities;neovaginoplasty
diagnosis, 417–418etiology, 417genital anatomy, 417symptoms, 417treatment, 418–419
Mazze, R. I., 499Mazzon, I., 579McCarus, S. D., 21, 58McIndoe, A. H., 418medical treatments
for abnormal uterine bleeding, 155for adnexal masses, 188–189for ectopic pregnancy, 232–233for infertility/premature ovarian
failure, 83for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),
245for thoracic endometriosis, 260for tubo-ovarian abscesses, 242
Meigs, J. V., 427, 428Meirow, D., 89Melendez, T., 445melphalan, 87tmenometrorrhagia, 316menorrhagia, 102
and hysteroscopic myomectomies,158–159
Menzies, D., 304metabolic response, to laparoscopic
surgery, 35methotrexate (MTX), 87t
efficacy/accessibility of, 232and tubal abortion, 232for unruptured ectopic pregnancy,
232–233Miannay, E., 374microinvasive endometrial cancer, 466–467
aortic lymphadenectomy, 466–467aortic nodal dissemination, 466pelvic dissemination, 466pelvic lymphadenectomy indications, 466
microscopic endometriosis, 267Microwave Endometrial Ablation (MEA)
systemmethodology, 175–176outcomes, 176risk factors, 176
Miklos, J. R., 400minilap myomectomy, 329
adhesion prevention, 329surgical technique, 328use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
agonists, 328–329vs. laparoscopic myomectomy, 329–330
minimal access surgery (MAS), for infantsand children, 509–514. See alsopediatric procedures
anesthesia, 509instruments, 509positioning, 510reasons for, 509trocar insertion, 510
minimally invasive gynecologic surgery, androbotics, 567–575
minimally invasive slings (MIS), 378–391.See also stress urinaryincontinence (SUI)
complications, 389–390bladder perforations, 389bowel injury, 390vascular injury, 389–390
with concomitant surgery, 391postoperative management, 390–391
incomplete bladder emptying, 390pain, 391vaginal/urethral erosions, 390–391
transobturator tape (TOT) procedure,386–388
technique, 387–388variations, 388
Minke, T., 211Mobertg, A. C., 544Modi, P., 528Mohr, L., 84Molander, P., 237, 238Molloy, D., 57morcellators, 21, 320Moreira, H., Jr., 491Morgagni, cyst of, 199Morris, W. J., 271Morton, D. L., 447Moschowitz procedure, 348–349
mucinous cystadenomas, 179, 192fmucus plugs, 129Muller, P., 134Mullerian, Renal, Cervicothoracic, Somite
(MURCS) abnormalities, 417mullerian abnormalities, 134Mutter, D., 492, 493mycobacteria, 102Mycoplasma hominis, 237myoma screw, 21myomas. See also uterine leiomyomas
bimanual pelvic/rectal examination for,316
large, hysterectomy for, 353–354multiple myomas, 323pedunculated myomas, 318symptoms of, 316
myomectomy. See hysteroscopicmyomectomy; laparoscopicmyomectomy; laparoscopicallyassisted myomectomy; minilapmyomectomy; vaginalmyomectomy/laparoscopicallyassisted vaginal myomectomy
Nagarsheth, N. P., 479Namnoum, A. B., 266Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 237neosalpingostomy, 15neovaginoplasty, 419–423. See also Mayer-
Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser(MRKH) syndrome
modification of Vecchietti operation,419–422
results, 422–423Schiller’s test/vaginoscopy tests, 422through pelvic perineum, 419
neuroblastomas, 90tneuropathies
from laparoscopic surgery, 36, 367Neuwirth, R. S., 173Nezhat, C., 187, 189, 195, 240, 304, 317, 321,
404, 405, 414, 425, 427, 435, 436complex surgeries performed by, 5–6introduction of video-laparoscopy, 1, 3,
407relationship with surgical instrument
companies, 5self-doubt of, 6as “unreasonable man” of vision, 1
Nezhat, F., 306, 321, 427, 435, 436, 489Nicoletto, M. O., 485Nissole-Pochet, M., 271nodular endometriosis, 267non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 90tnongenital rhabdomyosarcoma, 90tNovasure system, for endometrial ablation
methodology, 174outcomes, 174risk factors, 174
Novy, M. J., 163
Obermair, A., 578, 579obese patients
and Veress needle placement, 42, 48
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Index — 627
obesityand polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),
244Oktay, K., 87, 88, 89Oliveira, F. G., 331Olshausen uterine suspension, 394Olufowobi, O., 330oocytes
cryopreservation, 83–85efficiency, vs. embryo cryopreservation,
84history of, 84of immature oocytes, 85potential problems, 84slow freezing of mature human oocytes,
84vitrification of mature human oocytes,
84, 85embryonic stem cells generation of,
91–92luteal phase oocytes, 85mature human, vitrification of, 84, 85preantral, in vitro maturation of, 86–87in vitro maturation of, 85–87
oophorectomyfor endometriosis, 265, 266hemostasis during, 17indications for, 199and salpingo-oophorectomy
adherent adnexa, 206dysgenetic gonads, 205–206endoligature, 204–205infundibulopelvic ligament
management, 199–202and ovarian remnant syndrome,
211–212of ovarian torsion, 211ovarian wedge resection, 209–211removal of tissue, 209residual ovary, 206–209stapling device, 203–204
open laparoscopy, 46–47open surgery, shift to video-laparoscopy, 1operating room setup, 32
positioning of table, 32–33Operative Gynecology (TeLinde), 2, 583toperative hysteroscopy, with scissors, 137operative laparoscopy, 269optical trocars, 58optics/video systems, 3oral contraceptives
for cystic adnexal masses, 188for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),
245for thoracic endometriosis, 260
osteosarcoma, 90tOstrzenski, A., 527ovarian cancer, 179, 182, 184, 187, 248
concerns about laparoscopy and, 479–480cytoreductive surgery for, 440early, 475–480
borderline tumors, 475–476stage I survival rates, 475surgical technique, 476–478
GOG study, 475, 484, 485
and hand-assisted laparoscopy, 479and laparoscopic optimal cytoreductive
surgery, 478and second-look laparoscopy and
intraperitoneal catheterinsertion, 435, 478–479
surgical staging for, 184, 475, 478surgical training/patient referral for, 480
ovarian cysts. See also benign cysticteratomas; endometriosis
aspiration/non-removal of, 2, 188, 189,191
management of, 191ovarian cystectomy, 191, 195
colpotomy, 195containment bags,
preoperative evaluation, 191removal by laparotomy, 189surgical indications, 183ttreatment with oral contraceptives, 188
ovarian endometriosis, 271–277ovarian hyperthecosis, 244ovarian remnant syndrome
prevention, 249risk factors, 247treatment, 247–249
ovariesbiopsies of, 199endometriosis of, 263ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, 245ovarian remnant syndrome, 211–212ovarian torsion, 211ovariolysis, 15polycystic-appearing, and polycystic
ovarian syndrome (PCOS), 244stimulation, for assisted reproductive
technologies, 106–107tissue cryopreservation,
germ stem cell hypothesis, case study, 83history of, 87human trials/techniques, 88–90pharmacologic ovarian protection, 87,
87t (See also gonadotoxicity, ofchemotherapeutic agents)
in vitro fertilization with antiestrogencompounds, 87–88
tissue transplantationheterotopic ovarian cortical strip,
89, 90fintact human ovary w/vascular
pedicle, 90orthotopic ovarian cortical strip, 88, 89fsafety of; transmission of cancer cells,
90, 91ftumors
benign, 180tmalignant, histologic classification, 183tmarkers of, 181t
wedge resection of, 199, 209, 209tOvion system, of sterilization, 170–171oxidized regenerated cellulose (Interceed),
309
paclitaxel, 87tPagidas, K., 309
pain management, of pelvislaparoscopic uterine nerve ablation
(LUNA), 430–434presacral neurectomy, 425–429
Pantaleoni, D. C., 577Paolucci, V., 489PAP. See pulmonary artery pressures (PAP)Papasakelariou, C., 371Papsin, F. R., 23–24para-aortic lymphadenectomy, 437–438para-aortic region, 76para-ovarian peritubal adhesions, 304Paraiso, M., 375pararectal spaces, 74paravesical space, 73parietal peritoneum, 70Parks, A. S., 84Parrott, D., 87Parsanezhad, M. E., 140patients
by clinical indication/incision type, 49thigh-risk
previous laparotomy, 48–52incidence of adhesions, 49tspecial techniques, 49–52
incidence of injury, 50positioning of, 35, 40premenarchal, and adnexal masses,
179preparation of, 40by type/number of incisions, 49t
Pawlik, Anton, 453PCWP. See pulmonary wedge pressure
(PCWP)peak inspiratory pressure (PIP)
increase during pneumoperitoneum,35
Pearlstone, D. B., 489pediatric procedures
endoscopic subcutaneous procedures,excision for benign lesion,513–514
esophageal atresia repair, 513fetal surgery, 514fundoplication for GERD, 511minimum access surgery (MAS),
509–514pulmonary lobectomy, 512–513pylorectomy for pyloric stenosis,
510–511Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 511–512
pedunculated myomas, 318Pellerito, J. S., 135Pelosi, M. A., 324, 414, 479pelvic endometriosis, 259, 349–350pelvic floor
laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, vaultsuspension/uterine suspension,394–399
minimally invasive slings, 378–391neovaginoplasty, 419–423rectovaginal fistula repair, 413–415retropubic Burch colposuspension,
366–375vaginal vault suspension, 400–405
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628 — Index
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 96, 112,129, 155, 162, 181, 212, 215
and adhesions, 304adhesions caused by, 240and chronic pelvic pain (CPP), 237, 239diagnostic procedures, 237–239etiologic agents, 237risk factors, 237and risk of ectopic pregnancy, 237sequelae of, 237treatment, 239–240
pelvic lymphadenectomy, 436–437indications for, 466and microinvasive endometrial cancer,
466–467selection of patients for avoidance,
466–471pelvic pain, treatment
laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation(LUNA), 430–434
presacral neurectomy, 425–429pelvis
avascular spacespararectal space, 74paravesical space, 73presacral space, 74prevesical space of Retzius, 73vesicovaginal/rectovaginal spaces, 74
brim, 70exploration of, 52imaging techniques, 181inflammatory disease of, 129lymph nodes, 71sidewall, 70–71
first layer, 70–71second layer, 71third layer, 71
ultrasonography of, 238pelviscopy demonstration, by Semm, 4Penfield, A. J., 47Perez, J. J., 425Perino, A., 137peritoneal cysts,peritoneal cytology
and hysteroscopy, implications for,578–579
peritoneal dialysis, long-term continuousambulatory, 304
peritoneal factor, in predisposition todisease, 253–254
peritoneal implants, 267, 270–271peritoneal instillates, for adhesions
crystalloids, 30732% Dextran 70 (Hyskon), 307–308hyaluronic acid, 308
and carboxymethylcellulose, 308with ferric ion (intergel), 308
hydrogel (SprayGel), 308viscous gel, 308–309
peritoneal mesothelial (PMCs), 252peritonitis, bacterial/chemical, 237, 304Persson, J., 370, 374, 375petechial hemorrhages, 537Peterson, H. B., 597Phillips, D. R., 324
Phillips, Jordan, 4Pincus, Gregory, 85Pittock, S. T., 417Plante, M., 449, 451Plentl, A. A., 448pleurodesis, for thoracic endometriosis
syndrome, 260pneumomediastinum, 36pneumoperitoneum, 35, 42–44
complicationsprevention, 584recognition, 584treatment,
head down positionincreased pulmonary wedge
pressure/pulmonary arterypressure, 35
increased PIP during, 35maintenance through Veress needle, 42
pneumoperitoneum, and port-site metastasis(PSM), 489–495
pneumothorax, 36Polan, M. L., 173, 427Polascik, T. J., 374Polge, C., 84polycystic ovarian disease (POD), 85, 209polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),
210clinical features, 244–245diagnosis, 244pathogenesis, 244treatment, 245–246
polyps, 129Pomel, C., 443, 444Popp, L. W., 419Porcu, E., 84port-site metastasis (PSM), and
pneumoperitoneum, 489–495clinical data/current update, 493–494
gastrointestinal malignancy, 494genitourinary malignancy, 494gynecologic malignancy, 493–494
definition, 489early reports/incidence, 489–490etiology/pathogenesis/animal studies,
490–493aerosolization/chimney effect, 490–491direct wound implantation/instrument
contamination, 491effect of CO2
on peritoneal immune response, 492on systemic immune response, 492on tumor growth, 492–493
effect of different gases, 493pneumoperitoneum pressure, 491tissue trauma/tumor manipulation,
491–492prevention, 494–495
Porter, W., 401positive emission tomography (PET)
for adnexal masses, 181for cervical cancer, 452
postoperative issuescommon complaints, 56pain management, 37
postoperative care, 55–56recovery from anesthesia, 37
postpartum endometritis, 237postpartum hemorrhages, 102, 331powder burn lesions, 267preantral oocytes, in vitro maturation of,
86–87precocious puberty, 179precordial Doppler probes, 36pregnancy. See also ectopic pregnancy;
interstitial pregnancyabdominal surgery during, 499–507
appendicitis, 499–500, 546–549gallstone removal, 500laparoscopic surgery, 184, 264, 500–507
and adnexal mass management, 184–185following myomectomy, 330–332incidence in uterine horn, 363physiologic changes of, 499rate decline/improvement
contractions before embryo transfer,124
endometrial cavity placement ofembryo, 124
from Essure system, 170from hydrosalpinges, 129and ovarian endometriosis resection,
275and transabdominal ultrasonography,
115, 116, 117, 118risk factors, 499termination of, 102
premenarchal patients, and adnexal masses,179
preoperative issuesbowel preparation
one-day, 41tthree-day, 41t
preoperative evaluation, 37, 40presacral neurectomy, 425–429
anatomy, 425–426complications, 428–429indications, 426results, 427–428technique, 426–427
presacral (retrorectal) space, 74Presthus, J., 397prevesical (retropubic) space of Retzius, 73primary endometrial cancer, 465–466primary trocars, 9–11
complications, 585–587prevention, 585–586recognition, 586–587
placement of,conventional technique, 44–46direct insertion, 46open laparoscopy, 46–47
in rudimentary uterine horn excision, 364primordial germ cells (PGCs)
formation from embryonic stem cells, 91detection in vitro, 91, 92f
primordial oocytes, in vitro maturation of,86–87
procarbazine, 87tproctosigmoidoscopy
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Index — 629
for intraoperative gynecological surgery,541
for ovarian remnant, 414for rectovaginal fistula, 413, 414
progestational agents, for thoracicendometriosis, 260
Protopapas, A. G., 239proximal tubal block
diagnosis, 162management, 162technique, 163–164
proximal tubal diseaseetiology
cornual synechiae, 129mucus plugs, 129polyps, 129salpingitis isthmica nodosa, 129tubal endometriosis, 129
proximal tubal occlusion (PTO), 162PTO. See proximal tubal occlusion (PTO)pulmonary artery pressures (PAP)
increase of, due to head down position, 35pulmonary lobectomy, for pediatric patients,
512–513pulmonary wedge pressure (PCWP)
increase of, due to head down position, 35Puttemansi, P., 272pylorectomy, for pediatric patients, 510–511
Querleu, D., 435, 436, 439, 444, 475Quint, E. H., 587
radially expanding trocars, 58radical vaginal hysterectomy. See also
laparoscopically assisted vaginalhysterectomy (LAVH)
for cervical cancer, 453historical background
Schauta-Amreich radical vaginalhysterectomy, 453–456
Schauta-Stoeckel radical vaginalhysterectomy, 456–458
laparoscopic lymphadenectomy followedby, 458
laparoscopically assisted, 458radiographs, of chest, for thoracic
endometriosis, 259radioimmunoassay, of β−human chorionic
gonadotropin (β−HCG), forectopic pregnancy, 215
Raga, F., 136Rahaman, J., 485Raiga, J., 240Rassweiler, J., 489rectal endometriosis, 533rectal examination, for myomas, 316rectouterine pouch, 70rectovaginal endometriosis, 287rectovaginal fistula
anatomy, 413classifications, 413diagnosis, 413etiology, 413surgical management
general principles, 414
postoperative care, 415technique, 414–415
symptoms of, 413rectovaginal spaces, 74recurrent endometrial cancer, 472–473recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), 134Reedy, M. B., 501REI physician. See reproductive
endocrinology and infertility(REI) physician
Reiertsen, O., 544renal response, to laparoscopic surgery,
35–36reproductive endocrinology and infertility
(REI) physician, 106reproductive medicine
oocyte cryopreservation, 83–85history of, 84of immature oocytes, 85slow freezing of mature human oocytes,
84vitrification of mature human oocytes,
84, 85in vitro maturation of oocytes, 85–87
from antral follicles, 85history of, 85of preantral/primordial oocytes, 86–87
resectionsof bowels, 17, 40, 284, 285–287of fallopian tubes, 223of intrauterine leiomyomas, 32of ovarian endometriosis, 271–277of ovaries (See wedge resection, of ovaries)
resectoscope, 137, 146–148, 173residual ovary, 206–209retrograde menstruation, theory of, 251–252retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, 435retroperitoneal sarcoma,retropubic Burch colposuspension, 366–375.
See also genuine stressincontinence (GSI)
comparative resultslaparoscopic Burch vs. tension-free
vaginal tape suburethral sling,374–375
laparoscopic vs. open Burchcolposuspension, 373–374
complications, 371–372evaluation for, 366–367outcomes, 370–371patient selection, 366procedural evolution, 366surgical anatomy, 367surgical procedure, 367–369
entry into space of Retzius, 369–370procedural combinations, 369
retropubic urethral suspension,operative technique,
balloon dissector,preperitoneal approach,
preoperative evaluation,Retzius, space of, 73Reymond, M. A., 491Richardson, A. C., 401Richter’s hernias, 60
Ridley, J. H., 252risk factors. See also high-risk patients
of adhesions, 304–305blunt trocars vs. sharp trocars, 11of bowel laceration, reduction of, 47of colpotomy, 209of common peroneal/sciatic nerve
injury, 36of Cryogen, 174–175of ectopic pregnancy, 215, 216tof fiber-equipped laser, 33of gastric regurgitation, minimization of, 37of HydroThermAblator, 176of hypothermia, decreased, from Stryker
Endoscopy Insufflator, 12of incisional hernia, 26of intra-abdominal visceral/uterine/
vascular injury, trocar lesseningof, 47
of Microwave Endometrial Ablation, 176of Novasure, 174of ovarian neoplasms, 190of ovarian remnant syndrome, 247of pelvic inflammatory disease, 237of pregnancy, 499for stress urinary incontinence, 379of Thermachoice, 173from Veress needle placement, 40
robot-assisted laparoscopy, 31–32, 562–565complications, 575future development possibilities, 565for gynecologic oncology, 572gynecologic uses, 564–565, 567–570for hysterectomy, 572and minimally invasive gynecologic
surgery, 567–575for myomectomy, 570–571platform classification, 562–563pros/cons, 563–564for tubal reanastomosis, 572–574for urogynecology, 572
robotics, 31–32Rock, J. A., 428Rokitansky, C., 263Rokitansky syndrome. See Mayer-
Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser(MRKH) syndrome
Rosenblatt, P., 371Ross, J. W., 400, 405Rothman, D., 418, 419round ligament, 70Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, for adolescent
morbid obesity, 511–512Royal, H. D., 448rudimentary uterine horn
diagnosis, 363laparoscopic excision of, 363–365surgical technique, 364treatment, 363
Ruggi, T., 425Rukstalis, D. B., 445
Salim, R., 134saline infusion sonography (SIS), 97–98,
135–136, 155
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630 — Index
salpingectomy, 130–133criticism of, 130–132for ectopic pregnancy, 223–231technique for, 132–133
salpingitis isthmica nodosa, 129, 155,162
salpingo-oophorectomy, and oophorectomy.See also bilateralsalpingo-oopherectomy (BSO)
adherent adnexa, 206dysgenetic gonads, 205–206endoligature, 204–205for endometriosis, 265infundibulopelvic ligament management,
199–202ovarian remnant syndrome, 211–212ovarian torsion, 211ovarian wedge resection, 209–211removal of tissue, 209residual ovary, 206–209stapling device, 203–204
salpingotomy/salpingostomy, for ectopicpregnancy, 223–231
Salvat, J., 435, 436Sampson, J. A., 251, 271, 284Santoro, R., 489sarcoma, retroperitoneal, 179Sassone, A., 181Saye, W., 400Schauta, Frederik, 453Schauta-Amreich radical vaginal
hysterectomy, 453–456Schauta-Stoeckel radical vaginal
hysterectomy, 456–458Schiller’s test, for neovaginal creation,
422Schistosoma pathogen, 102Schuessler, W., 366Schull, B. L., 401Schwartz, O. H., 83Sciarra, J. J., 134, 143scissors, 15Scott, P., 137second-look surgery
advantagesoverview, 482predictive accuracy, 482–483predictive variables, 484prognostic value, 484
defined, 482disadvantages
morbidity, 485overview, 484–485
for gynecologic malignancy,482–487
and intraperitoneal catheter insertion,478–479
and ovarian cancer, 435, 478–479role of, 485–487
secondary trocars, 11Selvaggi, L., 579Seman, E. L., 404Semm, Kurt, 199, 356, 419, 544
pelviscopy demonstration by, 4Semm pelvic trainer, 553
sentinel lymph nodebiopsy
and evaluation of lymphatic mapping,447–448
and M.D. Anderson technique forlymphatic mapping, 448
identification, in cervical cancer,449–451
Seprafilm (combined hyaluronic acid andcarboxymethylcellulose),310–311
Seracchioli, R., 331, 353, 476serial turboFLASH images, 188serous cystadenomas, 179serrated edged macro morcellator (SEMM),
21serum markers, 188sex hormone-binding-globulin (SHBG), and
polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS), 244
Shull, B. L., 401Sigel, B., 200sigmoidoscopy, intraoperative, in
gynecologic surgery, 541–543.See also proctosigmoidoscopy
for bowel resection, 287indications, 541–543instrumentation, 541for ovarian remnant, 248for rectosigmoid endometriosis, 40for rectovaginal fistula, 413, 414technique, 541
simulators/trainers, 549endoluminal vascular trainers,
553–557laparoscopy trainers, 553new definition, 549physical trainers, 555–556Semm pelvic trainer, 553validation studies, 557–560virtual reality: high fidelity
electronic user data and haptics, 556telectronic user date with/without
haptics, 557single-chip cameras, 28Sinha, R., 317, 321SIS. See saline infusion sonography (SIS)Smith, A. U., 84Society of American Gastrointestinal
Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES),506
Society of Gynecologic Oncologists (SGO),579
Soderstrom, R. M., 582soft embryo catheters, 116, 120solid adhesion barriers, for adhesions
expanded polytetrafluoroethylene,309–310
hyaluronic acid/carboxymethylcellulose,310–311
oxidized regenerated cellulose, 309sonography, trans-vaginal, 577sonohysterography. See saline-infused
sonogram (SIS)Soong, Y. K., 419, 428
space of Retzius, 73in Burch colposuspension, 366, 369–370dissection of, and retropubic
urethropexies, 380specimen removal/retrieval
retrieval bags, 21–23techniques, 320–321
specimen removal techniques, 320–321Speights, S. E., 371Spirtos, N. M., 443, 444spontaneous abortions, 100, 123, 124, 140
and abdominal surgery, 499and adnexal masses, 184and ectopic pregnancy, 216, 217and hysteroscopic septoplasty, 102and intrauterine adhesions, 144and myomectomy, 331and ovarian wedge resection, 210and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS),
245and uterine fibroid embolization (UFE),
338spoon forceps, 19SprayGel hydrogel, 308squamous cell carcinoma, of cervix, 90tstapling device, for oophorectomy, 203–204Stein, I. F., 209, 244, 245stem cell transplantation, case history, 83Steptoe, P. C., 106sterilization techniques
Adiana system, 171Essure system
bilateral micro-insert placement/tubalocclusion rate, 168–169
clinical use/technique, 165–167description/mechanism of action, 165histologic studies, 167–168patient tolerance/adverse events, 170pregnancy rates, 170
Ovion system, 170–171Stoeckel, W., 453Stones, R. W., 425Streptococcus agalactiae, 237stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 375. See
also minimally invasive slings(MIS)
anatomy of, 378physiology of, 378–379readjustable slings, 388–389risk factors, 379surgical repair evolution, 379–382
anterior repairs (Kelly plication),379–380
needle suspension, 382open slings, 382retropubic urethropexies, 380–381
tension-free vaginal tape suburethral sling(TVT), 374–375
for stress urinary incontinencepreoperative evaluation, 383technique, 383–386
transobturator tape (TOT) procedure,386–388
technique, 387–388variations, 388
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Index — 631
Stringer, N. H., 319Stryker Endoscopy Insufflator, 12Su, T., 372, 373subcutaneous emphysema, 36submucosal leiomyomata
detection technique comparison, 102hysteroscopic demonstration, 101f
subtotal laparoscopic hysterectomy (SLH),341, 356
suction-irrigator probe, 13Sudik, R., 330Sulak, P. J., 162Summitt, R. L., 373supracervical (subtotal) laparoscopic
hysterectomy. See subtotallaparoscopic hysterectomy(SLH)
surgical complicationspostoperative, 595–597
bleeding, 595–596incisional hernia, 596–597infection, 596nerve injuries, 596pain, 596vaginal cuff dehiscence, 597
prevention, 582procedural failures, 583
anesthesia, 587–588bladder injuries, 589bleeding, 588–589bowel injuries, large, 595bowel injuries, small, 592–595pneumoperitoneum establishment,
584–585trocar injuries, accessory, 587trocar injuries, primary, 585–587ureteral injuries, 589–590uterine injuries, 589Veress needle placement, 583–584
surgical stagingafter endometrial cancer in hysterectomy
specimen, 472–473for endometrial cancer, 466, 472–473for lymphadenectomy, 441, 466for malignant ovarian neoplasm, 183for ovarian cancer, 184, 475, 478
surgical technique. See also minimal accesssurgery (MAS)
for adhesion prevention, 305for early ovarian cancer, 475, 476–478for endometrial cancer, 465for endometriosis, 278–279endoscopic, advances in, 263for genitourinary endometriosis, 278–279for genitourinary injuries, 443for genitourinary prolapse, 317–319for hydrosalpinges, 129for metroplasty, 476for minilap myomectomy, 328for myomectomy, 317–319onset of electrosurgical techniques, 152for presacral neurectomy, 425for rudimentary uterine horn, 364for vaginal vault prolapse, 411for vesicovaginal fistulas, 409
Surrey, E. S., 331Sutton, C., 430suturing, laparoscopic
da Vinci surgical robot device, 319Endoloop (Ethicon) suture, 64extracorporeal knotting, 64–69intracorporeal knotting, 64material, 64synthetic absorbable polyglactin, 318
SVR. See systemic vascular resistance (SVR)Sweden
ectopic pregnancy statistics, 215synechiae, intrauterine, 102syringe test, of Veress needle placement,
41–42systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
increase, during laparoscopy, 35
Tanagho, E., 366, 368Tanaguchi, F., 323tension-free vaginal tape suburethral sling
(TVT), 374–375for stress urinary incontinence
preoperative evaluation, 383technique, 383–386
variations, 386teratomas, benign cystic, 179, 192fTES. See thoracic endometriosis syndrome
(TES)Textbook of Laparoscopy (Hulka), 2, 583tThermachoice system, for endometrial
ablationmethodology, 173–174outcomes, 173–174risk factors, 173
Thomas, W. M., 491thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES). See
also catamenial hemoptysis(CH); catamenial hemothorax(CHt); catamenialpneumothorax (CP); lungnodules; video-assistedthoracoscopic surgery (VATS)
clinical entities of, 258clinical features, 259diagnosis, 259–260epidemiology, 258etiology/pathogenesis, 258–259treatment options
combined treatment, 261medical treatment, 260surgical treatment, 260–261
thoracocentesis, for thoracic endometriosis,259
three-chip cameras, 28three-dimensional ultrasonography,
122–123Timor-Tritsch, I. E., 238Tjaden, B., 425, 427Tompkins procedure, 134, 137TOT procedure. See transobturator tape
(TOT) proceduretotal laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH), 341,
354–356Tozzi, R., 475
transabdominal ultrasonographyadvantages/study results, 119–121alternate use of, 115–117, 118
improvement of transfer, cofoundingvariables, 117–118
catheter placement, 112, 115and ectopic pregnancy, 121and pregnancy rate improvement, 115,
116, 117, 118Transatlantic Society Consensus (TASC),
516, 518transesophageal echo, 36transobturator tape (TOT) procedure, for
stress urinary incontinence,386–388
technique, 387–388variations, 388
transplantation, of ovarian tissueheterotopic ovarian cortical strip,
89, 90fintact human ovary w/vascular pedicle,
90orthotopic ovarian cortical strip,
88, 89fsafety of; transmission of cancer cells,
90, 91ftransrectal ultrasonography, 287transumbilical videolaparoscope, 476transvaginal sonography (TVS), 97, 121–122,
577for adnexal masses, 181, 187–188aspiration, combined with antibiotics, for
tubo-ovarian abscesses, 240for ectopic pregnancy, 215
treatment. See also assisted reproductivetechnologies (ARTs) treatment;medical treatments
of adnexal masses, 188, 197medical, 188–189recommendations, 189, 197
of anovulatory infertility, 209of ectopic pregnancy, 218–231
laparoscopic techniquessalpingectomy, 223–231salpingotomy, 219–231tubal resection, 223
medical treatment, 232–233of endometriosis, 1of intrauterine adhesions, 143–144of ovarian cysts, 188of ovarian remnant syndrome, 247–249of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID),
239–240surgical, of hydrosalpinges, 129
proximal tube occlusion, 130salpingectomy, 130–133ultrasound hydrosalpinx fluid
aspiration, 130trocar port dilation instruments, 23trocars
abdominal insertion, 11accessory trocars, 47–48designs of, 57–58direct insertion vs. Veress needles, 46tdisposable trocars, 57–58
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trocars (Contd.)Endopath (EES) trocars, 58injuries from
complication management, 58–60from insertion, 49, 57intra-abdominal
visceral/uterine/vascular injury,lessening of, 47
insertion, pediatric MAS, 510optical trocars, 58primary trocars, 9–11
complications, 585–587placement of
conventional technique, 44–46direct insertion, 46open laparoscopy, 46–47
radially expanding trocars, 58reusable vs. disposable, 46tin rudimentary uterine horn excision, 364sharp vs. blunt, complications, 11
Trounson, A., 84, 85Tseng, L. N., 492tubal abortions, 232tubal cannulation. See hysteroscopic tubal
cannulationtubal pregnancy. See ectopic pregnancytubal sterilization, 1, 2, 4tuberculosis, 162tuberculous endometritis, 102tubo-ovarian abscesses (TOA), 112, 179, 199.
See also pelvic inflammatorydisease
and endometriosis, 238–239and gynecologic cancer, in
postmenopausal women, 239laparoscopic management of, 240–242
Tulandi, T., 265, 309tunnel of Wertheim, 72TVS. See transvaginal sonography (TVS)
Ulmsten, U., 374, 383ultrasonography. See also transabdominal
ultrasonography; transrectalultrasonography; transvaginalsonography (TVS)
and embryo transfer, 115–126endoscopic ultrasound, 27false positive results, 187–188, 238for myomas, 316for noncervical transfer, 125of pelvis, 181, 238three-/four-dimensional ultrasonography,
122–123ultrasound, endoscopic, 27Umpleby, H. C., 489, 490unicornuate uterus, 134, 363United Kingdom
ectopic pregnancy statistics, 215United States
banning of DES, 103ectopic pregnancy statistics, 215endoscopic procedure statistics, 3hysterectomy statistics, 6, 173laparoscopic surgery sterilization
statistics, 1
National Television Systems Committeescanning rates, 30
ovarian neoplasm surgery statistics, 179UPLIFT technique. See Uterine Positioning
by Ligament Investment,Fixation, and Truncation(UPLIFT) technique
urachal cysts, 179Ureaplasma urealyticum, 237ureteroneocystostomy, 592ureteroureterostomy, 592ureters, 81–82
evaluation/dissection, for hysterectomy,342
injuriesanatomy, 527location/causes, 527management, 527–528prevention, 527recognition, 527
involvement, endometriosis, 278diagnosis, 278surgical technique, 278–279ureteral obstruction, 279–281
Ustun, Y., 375uterine fibroid embolization (UFE), 334–339
causes of failure, 337complications of, 338contraindications, 335efficacy of, 335–337and endometritis, 338patient evaluation for, 335postprocedural care/follow-up, 339and pregnancy, 338technique, 335vs. surgery, 337–338
uterine horn (hematometra), 363, 417uterine leiomyomas, 316uterine manipulators, 23–24, 317
HUMI, 23, 344Uterine Positioning by Ligament Investment,
Fixation, and Truncation(UPLIFT) technique. See alsoELEVEST procedure;laparoscopic uterine suspension
description, 394results/discussion, 394–395
uterine septumevaluation/management
embryology, 134morphology, 134–135procedure
complications, 140–141gynecoradiologic procedures, 138postoperative management, 138–139preoperative, 137results, 139–140surgery, 137–138
work-up, 135–137culdoscopy, 137hysterosalpingography (HSG), 135hysteroscopy, 137magnetic resonance imaging,
136–137saline infusion sonography, 135–136
Tompkins/Jones procedure approaches,134, 137
uterine suspensionmodified Olshausen uterine suspension,
394ventral suspension of round ligaments at
midpoint, 394–395uterosacral ligament suspension, 401–404uterosacral transection/ablation. See
laparoscopic uterine nerveablation (LUNA)
uterus. See also intrauterine adhesions;laparoscopic uterine suspension;Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome;neovaginoplasty
abnormal bleeding of, 173contractions before embryo transfer, 124embryo transfer, distance from fundus,
123endometriosis of, 263gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists
contraction of, 156rudimentary uterine horn excision,
363–365rupture of, following myomectomy, 330unicornuate uterus, 134, 363uterine manipulators, 23–24uterine septation, 101–102
vagal stimulation, and bradycardia/bradyarrhythmias, 35
vagina. See also cystourethrocele repair;laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy;laparoscopically assisted vaginalhysterectomy (LAVH);laparoscopically assisted vaginalmyomectomy (LAVM);neovaginoplasty; vesicovaginalfistular repair
anatomy, post-hysterectomy, 400–404prolapse of, 400support of, 378
vaginal myomectomy/laparoscopicallyassisted vaginal myomectomy(LAVH), 321
vaginal vault prolapse, 409–411vaginoscopy
for neovagina creation, 422for rectovaginal fistula, 413
Valle, R. F., 134, 139, 143Valpas, A., 375Valtchev, K. L., 23–24Vancaillie, T., 366Varras, M., 238vascular surgery. See laparoscopic vascular
surgery (LVS)vasovagal reaction, from
hysterosalpingography (HSG),96
Vecchietti, G., 418Vecchietti’s procedure, 419–420, 422ventilatory changes, during laparoscopy, 35
decreased thoracopulmonary compliance,35
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Index — 633
Vercellini, P., 267, 272Veress needles, 11
complications from,management, 584prevention, 583–584recognition, 584
inadvertent vessel insertion, 36maintenance of pneumoperitoneum, 42obese patient placement, 42placement risks, 40
bowel distention, 48open laparoscopy minimization of,
46–47surgical placement of, 40–42
intraperitoneal location verificationalternate insertion sites, 42hanging drop method, 41syringe test, 41–42
tests for position confirmation, 45tvs. direct trocar insertion, 46t
Vermande-Van Eck, G. J., 83Vermesh, M., 218vesical endometriosis, 281–284
diagnosis, 281surgical management, 281–284
vesicovaginal fistula repair, 408
results,technique, 409
vesicovaginal/rectovaginal spaces, 74vessel-sealing systems, 17–19video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS),
258, 259, 260video systems development, 3videolaparoscopy. See also transumbilical
videolaparoscopedrawbacks of, 5general surgical acceptance of, 1gynecological roots of, 1introduction by Nezhat, 1, 407shift to from open surgery, 1vs. laparotomies, 1
videolaseroscopy, 1, 9, 33, 296, 405vincristine, 87tvirtual reality trainers: high fidelity
electronic user data and Haptics, 556telectronic user date with/without Haptics,
557viscous gel, adhesion barrier, 308–309vitrification
of mature human oocytes, 84, 85Vogel, M. F., 272Von Dembrowski, T., 305
Wallace catheters, 116Wangensteen, O. H., 482Wattiez, A., 353, 404, 405wedge resection, of ovaries, 199, 209, 209tweqetaeete,Wertheim, E., 453Wertheim, tunnel of, 72West, M. A., 492Wexner, S. D., 489Wheeless, C. R., 2, 541, 583tWhelan, R. L., 490Whitelaw, N., 430Wilm’s tumor, 90tWiner, W. K., 405Wiseman, D. M., 306Wittich, P., 490Wolf, S. L., 191Wolner-Hanssen P., 370Woolcott, R., 585
Yang, J. M., 374Yen, C. F., 396, 430, 434
Zerbe, M. J., 578Zeyneloglu, H. B., 129Zullo, F., 428
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Cambridge University Press978-0-521-86249-3 - Nezhat’s Operative Gynecologic Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy, Third EditionEdited by Camran Nezhat, Farr Nezhat and Ceana NezhatIndexMore information
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