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ENERGY RESOURCES
COAL AND NATURAL GAS
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ENERGY RESOURCES
Unequal levels of production and consumption
Worldwide consumption of energy has grown six times during the 2ndhalf
of the 20thcentury
Top 10 energy surplus countries: Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Iran, Algeria,
Nigeria, Kuwait, Indonesia, Libya, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates
Almost half of all African countries are energy paupers Japan, USA, Western European countries consume more than produce
USA accounts for 5% of the world population and 25% of energy
consumption
Underdeveloped countries represent 78% of the world population and
consume 25% of energy produced at the global level
Developed countries40% oil, 30% coal and gas each
Developing countriescoal in non-oil exporting countries, gas much less
important
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ENERGY RESOURCES
Highly concentrated patterns of fossil fuels
Coal
the most extensive deposits are concentrated in the industrialised middle
latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere
The top 10 richest countries in coal deposits account for 90% of the world
total China and the USA account for more than 50% of total world coal output at
the start of the 21stcentury
Natural gas
The top 10 richest countries account for 76% of the world total
40% of the proven gas reserves belong to only two countries, Russia and
Iran
The first three producers Russia, the United States and Canada account for
50% of the world total
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COAL RESERVES AND PRODUCTION
BY LEADING COUNTRIES, 2011
Country Reserves(billion tons)
Country Production(million tons)
United States 247 China 2,380
Russia 157 United States 1,054
China 115 India 447
India 92 Australia 374
Australia 79 Russia 309
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2011
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NE ChinaManciuria
(Fushun, Benxi)
N ChinaTaiuan and
Datong catchments
Central ChinaHonanProvince
E and SE ChinaYunan
and Honan Provinces
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NE India (Bihar, Assam,
Madhya Pradesh, West
Bengal)
JamshedpurIndias
steel making and metalprocessing center
(Durgapur,Bokaro,
Rourkela)
Smaller sites in
Hyderabad and Madras
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FUTURE PROSPECTS
The United States leads the world in coal reserves, but has given way to
China as the main producer and consumer of coal worldwide
More than 55% of the coal consumed worldwide is for electricity generation,
and in the United States an even higher sharearound 92%. Electricity
generation will be the basis for future growth in coal use, worldwide
By 2020, energy consumption by the Developing World is expected tosurpass that of the Industrialized World, and this will raise the coal use
The future of coal use is hampered by the environmental consequences of
large-scale coal burning
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NATURAL GAS RESERVES AND PRODUCTION, 2011
Country Reserves(trillion cubic
meters)
Country Production(billion cubic
meters)
Russia 47.65 Russia 612.1
Iran 28.13 United States 524.1
United States 5.93 Canada 187.0
Norway 2.89 Iran 105.0
Canada 1.67 Norway 87.6
World total 181.46 World total 2865.3
Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2011
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Western Siberia along the lower Obi River and the continental platform of the Kara
Sea
Urengoi gasfield is one of the biggest and most productive in the world and together
with the Orenburg deposit in the southern Ural Mts. Are the exporting areas to
European countries
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The Trans-Siberian gas pipeline connecting the Arctic Ocean and the Central
Europe. It is nearly 1.4 meter in diameter, and 4,450 km in length. It is capable
of sending 34 billion cubic meters of gas from its source to consumers.
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Canadian Provinces
Alberta, Saskatchewan,
British Colombia
40% of the natural gasis exported to USA
through the
transcanadian pipeline
connecting Edmonton
to Chicago and San
Francisco
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MAJOR NATURAL GAS TRADE MOVEMENTSGlobal natural gas trade increased by a relatively modest 4% in 2011
LNG shipments grew by 10.1% with Qatar (+34.8%) accounting for virtually all
(87.7%) of the increase. Pipeline shipments grew by just 1.3%
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WHAT ABOUT THE FUTURE
Natural gas trends:
Natural gas is the fastest growing primary energy source.
Its use is to double, worldwide, by 2020.
But this growth requires major infrastructure investments.
The U.S. will become more reliant on imported natural gas.
Russia, today providing 26% of the natural gas that Europe consumes, hasits eye on expanding that share.
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The Gas Exporting Countries Forum(GECF) is an intergovernmental organization
of 11 of the world's leading natural gas producers made up ofAlgeria, Bolivia, Egypt,
Equatorial Guinea, Iran, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Russia, Trinidad and Tobagoand
Venezuela. GECF members together control over 70% of the world's natural gas
reserves, 38% of the pipeline trade and 85% of the liquefied natural gas(LNG)
production. The three largest reserve-holders in the GECF--Russia, Iranand Qatar--
alone hold about 57% of global gas reserves. Since the establishment of the GECF in 2001 there has always been speculation that
some of the world's largest producers of natural gas, in particular Russia and Iran,
intend to create a gas cartel equivalent to OPECwhich would set quotas and prices.
The idea of a gas OPEC was first floated by then Russian President Vladimir Putin
and backed by Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbaevin 2002. In May 2006
Gazpromdeputy chairmanAlexander Medvedevthreatened that Russia would create"an alliance of gas suppliers that will be more influential than OPEC" if Russia did not
get its way in energy negotiations with Europe. Iranian officials have explicitly
expressed strong support for a gas cartel and held official talks with Russia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boliviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_Guineahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbaevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazpromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Medvedevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Medvedevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazpromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbaevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobagohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_Guineahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boliviahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergovernmental_organizationTop Related