INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
Look at the following conversation…
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
We have to expand our businesses in China.
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
We have to expand our businesses in China.
The manager said that we had to expand our businesses in China.
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
We have to expand our businesses in China.
The manager said that we had to expand our businesses in China.
When we say what other person said, it is called “INDIRECT SPEECH”. Look in this conversation how the verb “HAVE” changes to past in the INDIRECT SPEECH.
INDIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
Look at this other conversation…
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
We sold 1’000.000 computers in China
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
We sold 1’000.000 computers in China
Action in Past
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
We sold 1’000.000 computers in China
The manager said that we had sold 1’000’000 computers in China.
Action in Past
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
We sold 1’000.000 computers in China
The manager said that we had sold 1’000’000 computers in China.
INDIRECT SPEECH (in Past)
Action in Past
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
We sold 1’000.000 computers in China
The manager said that we had sold 1’000’000 computers in China.
In this case, notice that the verb “SOLD” changes to its PAST PERFECT form (HAD SOLD) because the INDIRECT SPEECH is referring to an action in the past. When the
verb changes from one tense to another, it is called “BACKSHIFT”
INDIRECT SPEECH (in Past)
Action in Past
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
Let’s talk about MODAL VERBS in the INDIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
First, let’s remember some MODAL VERBS and what they
express…
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
MODAL VERBS
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
MODAL VERBS
WILL To express future.
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
MODAL VERBS
WILL To express future.
CAN To express ability or possibility.
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
MODAL VERBS
WILL To express future.
CAN To express ability or possibility.
MAY To express possibility.
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
MODAL VERBS
WILL To express future.
CAN To express ability or possibility.
MAY To express possibility.
MUST To express obligation or logical conclusion.
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
MODAL VERBS
WILL To express future.
CAN To express ability or possibility.
MAY To express possibility.
MUST To express obligation or logical conclusion.
HAVE TO To express obligation or need.
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
MODAL VERBS
WILL To express future.
CAN To express ability or possibility.
MAY To express possibility.
MUST To express obligation or logical conclusion.
HAVE TO To express obligation or need.
This MODAL VERBS also “BACKSHIFT”
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
I forgot to send the report! I will send it in 5 minutes.
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
I forgot to send the report! I will send it in 5 minutes.
Mark forgot to send the report! He said that he would send it in 5 minutes.
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
I forgot to send the report! I will send it in 5 minutes.
Mark forgot to send the report! He said that he would send it in 5 minutes.
INDIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
I forgot to send the report! I will send it in 5 minutes.
Mark forgot to send the report! He said that he would send it in 5 minutes.
To use the modal verb “WILL” in INDIRECT SPEECH you have to BACKSHIFT it. The BACKSHIFT of WILL
is WOULD
INDIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
Let’s see the MODAL VERBS and their BACKSHIFT IN INDIRECT
SPEECH…
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
MODAL VERBS
WILL WOULD
CAN COULD
MAY MIGHT
MUST HAD TO
HAVE TO HAD TO
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
MODAL VERBS
WILL WOULD
CAN COULD
MAY MIGHT
MUST HAD TO
HAVE TO HAD TO
If this MODAL VERB is used in
the DIRECT SPEECH…
You have to use this form (BACKSHIFT)
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
I forgot to send the report! I can send it in 5 minutes.
Direct Speech
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
I forgot to send the report! I can send it in 5 minutes.
Mark forgot to send the report! He said that he could send it in 5 minutes.
Direct Speech
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
I forgot to send the report! I cansend it in 5 minutes.
Mark forgot to send the report! He said that he could send it in 5 minutes.
INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct Speech
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
I forgot to send the report! I can send it in 5 minutes.
Mark forgot to send the report! He said that he could send it in 5 minutes.
INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct Speech
If the DIRECT SPEECH uses “CAN” in the INDIRECT SPEECH “CAN” changes to “COULD.”
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
More Examples….
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
I am arriving a little late. I may be there soon.
Direct Speech
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
I am arriving a little late. I may be there soon.
John called. He said that he might be here soon.
INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct Speech
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
I am arriving a little late. I may be there soon.
John called. He said that he might be here soon.
INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct Speech
If the DIRECT SPEECH uses “MAY” in the INDIRECT SPEECH “MAY” changes to “MIGHT.”
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
An example with the modal verb MUST…
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
I must finish this for tomorrow.
Direct Speech
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
I must finish this for tomorrow.
Direct Speech
“He said that he had to finish this for tomorrow”
If the DIRECT SPEECH uses “MUST” in the INDIRECT SPEECH “MUST” changes to “HAD TO.”
INDIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
Some modals DON’T BACKSHIFT!
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
MODAL VERBS
WOULD
COULD
MIGHT
SHOULD
OUGHT TO
When these MODAL VERBS are used in the DIRECT SPEECH, they DON’T BACKSHIFT in
the INDIRECT SPEECH.
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
Oh, my God!! We are late!! We should hurry to catch the school bus!!!
Direct Speech
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
Oh, my God!! We are late!! We should hurry to catch the school bus!!!
Direct Speech
“She said that they should hurry to catch the school bus”
INDIRECT SPEECH
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
Remember the PERFECT MODALS? Well, if they are used in INDIRECT
SPEECH, they never BACKSHIFT
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
PERFECT MODALS
He should have arrived earlier(él debiera haber llegado mas temprano)
Mark could have brought his car(Mark pudo haber traido su carro)
Xiomara would have won the lottery(Xiomara habría ganado la loteria)
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
I’ve been waiting for Marilyn for over one hour! Where’s she? She must have forgotten about our date.
Direct Speech with Perfect Modal
EXAMPLE…
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
I’ve been waiting for Marilyn for over one hour! Where’s she? She must have forgotten about our date.
Direct Speech with Perfect Modal
“He said that Marilyn must have forgotten about their date”
INDIRECT SPEECH
EXAMPLE…
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
I’ve been waiting for Marilyn for over one hour! Where’s she? She must have forgotten about our date.
Direct Speech with Perfect Modal
“He said that Marilyn must have forgotten about their date”
INDIRECT SPEECH
The PERFECT MODAL doesn’t change
EXAMPLE…
INDIRECT SPEECH WITH MODALS
Thank you!!!
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