Cardio
Pulmonary
Resuscitation
Objectives• Describe basic heart
and lung anatomy• List five signs or
symptoms of a heart or brain attack
• Describes actions to take for a heart/brain attack victim
• List the three major controllable risk factors for heart disease and stroke
• Demonstrate 1 and 2 rescuer CPR
• Understand why early defibrillation is so important
The Need for Medical Intervention
• 6.3 million Americans have CHD• Cardiovascular disease is responsible for 1
million deaths a year• 500,000 die from CAD• Most deaths occur suddenly• 2/3 occur outside the hospital• Most occur within 2 hours of onset
Sudden Death
The sudden stoppage of the heart beat and breathing
Types of Death
Clinical= 0 - 4 minutes
Biological= greater than 4 minutes
Survival ratesInitiation of CPR (min)
Arrival of ACLS (min)
Survival rate (%)
0-4 0-8 43
0-4 16+ 10
8-12 8-16 6
8-12 16+ 0
12+ 12+ 0
Chain of Survival• Early Recognition• Early CPR• Early Defibrillation• Early Advanced Life Support
Circulatory System
• Heart• Arteries• Capillaries• Veins
Heart•Size of your fist
•4 chamber pump
•Beats over 42 million times a year
•Deliver oxygen rich blood to all the organs and tissues and deliver unoxygenated blood back to the lungs for gas exchange
Respiratory System
• Upper airway• Nose• Mouth• Larynx• Pharynx
• Lower airway• Trachea• Bronchus (Rt and Lt)• Bronchioles• Alveoli
Lungs
•Gas exchange•Bring in oxygen (Fuel for cells)•Remove Carbon Dioxide (Waste product of cellular metabolism)•Respond under stress
Atherosclerosis
Gradual thickening of the inner arterial walls with fatty deposits, plaque. (Saturated
fats, LDL Cholesterol
Acute Myocardial Infarction(Heart Attack)
“Condition caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries”
Tabor’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary
Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack
• Chest pain/pressure
• Nausea/Vomiting• Sweating• Short of breath• Pain radiates
• Weakness• Not feeling well• Syncope• Denial• Anxiety
Risk Factors• Smoking• Stress• Weight• Exercise• Diet• High BP
• Heredity• Age• Gender• Diabetes• Blood Cholesterol
Levels
Special Situations
• Stroke (Brain Attack)• Hypothermia• Trauma• Electric Shock• Pregnancy• Asphyxiation
• Overdose • Suicide• Allergies• Respiratory• Near Drowning• Poisoning
STROKE• 3rd leading cause
death • Leading cause
disability• 500,000 a year• Stroke belt• Ischemic/Hemorrhagic
• HTN, Smoking• Rich Blood• Heart Disease/A-fib• TIA/Hx stroke• Age/Men/Heredity• Diabetes/Race
Types of Stroke
Ischemic (most common)A vessel is completely or partially blockedHemorrhagicA weakened blood vessel lets go and leaks blood into the brain cavity
Risk Factors for Stroke• Smoking• Stress• Weight• Exercise• Diet• Hypertension #1• Previous Stroke
• Hx of Mini Strokes• Heredity• Age• Gender• Diabetes• Blood Cholesterol
Levels
Signs and Symptoms of a Stroke
•Weakness or paralysis to one side of the body•Inability to speak•Slurred speech•Inappropriate speech
•Headache/Dizzy•Unconscious•Altered mental status•Facial droop/drooling•Incontinence•Airway compromise
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