By Claudio Stanzani, Managing Director of
SDA a.s.b.l. – Social Development Agency2010
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Trade Trade unionunion culture and culture and structure in structure in
EuropeEurope
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UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
stat
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stat
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profe
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prof
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sect
or
sect
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polit
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DGBUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLO
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
CGTCGT-FOUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLOUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLO
CFDTUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLOUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLO
UNSAUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLO
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
CFTC
TUCUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLO
TCO
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
SACO UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
Italy: politics and religion
Belgium: politics and religion / regional
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
CGILCISL
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
UILUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLOUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLO
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
ABVV/FGTB
ACV/CSC
ACLVB/CGSLB
GERMANY
DGBUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLO
SectorSector
DGB DGB membership now stands at 8 unions, representing
nearly 9 million people
IG Bauen-Agrar-UmweltConstruction-agriculture-enviroment
IG Bergbau, Chemie, Energie
Mining, Chemicals, Energy
Gewerkschaft Erziehung und Wissenschaft
Education and Science
IG MetallMetalworkers
DGB/2
Gewerkschaft Nahrung-Genuss-Gaststätten
Food, Beverages and Catering
Gewerkschaft der Polizei
Police
TRANSNET Railway Workers
Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft e. V. (ver.di)United Services Union
DGB/3
DGB 14 regional areas
UNITED KINGDOM
TUCUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLO
ProfessionProfession
TUC (1868)
TUC membership now stands at 58 unions, representing nearly six and a half million
people
TUC Congress
The policy making body of the TUC is the annual Congress which meets for four days each year during September. Each affiliated union can send delegates to Congress - the larger the union, the more it can send. At Congress 'motions' (resolutions for debate) are proposed and discussed. These form the basis of the TUC's work for the next year.
Congress 2009
This years Congress at the BT Convention Centre in Liverpool is now over, you can view the text of the decisions and the unedited verbatim reports of the daily sessions. More information
Congress 2010 will be held from the 13th - 16th September in Manchester
TUC/2 In the Regions
The TUC has officers in eight locations in England, Wales and Scotland who service Regional Councils and the Wales TUC. The TUCs regional staff represent the TUC by supporting TUC campaigns and objectives and seeking the views of trade unions in the regions. TUC regional education officers organise a programme of accredited courses for stewards, safety representatives, pension scheme trustees and other trade union representatives.
8 regional areas:- Scotland- Yorkshire and Humberside- Northern- North West- Midlands- Wales- Southern and Eastern- South West
ITALY
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
CGIL
CISLUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLOUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLO
UILUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLOUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLO
polit
ics
polit
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Debate on union unification
ITALY
• CGIL – CISL – UIL: nearly 10,5 million peoples
• Institutionalisation of relationships between employers, unions and the state: concertation
• Three levels of collective bargaining: the interprofessional or national level, the sectorial level and the company level
• High membership (+- 40%)• High level of retired people
affiliated to unions (+/- 50% of the membership)
• A high percentage of employees (90%) are covered by a collective labour agreement
SWEDEN
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UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
TCO
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
SACO UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
StatusStatus
In Sweden three UNIONS
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TCO
SACO
Status: blue-collar workersMembership: 1.855.000
Unions: 18
Status: white-collar workersMembership: 1.049.000
Unions: 18
Status: professional workersMembership: 321.000
Unions: 25
FRANCE
UNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLO
CGT (1895)
CGT-FO (1948)
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
CFDT (1964)
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
CFTC (1919)
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
UNSA (1993)
polit
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polit
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rel
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relig
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CGC (1945)UNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLO
FRANCE
• The crisis of French trade unionism is occuring in three areas:
recruitmentrepresentationactivism
BELGIUM
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
ABVV/FGTB
ACV/CSC
ACLVB/CGSLBUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLOUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTLO
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTLO
politicspolitics
religionreligion
//
regionalregional
BELGIUMpragmatism and pluralism
• A model of democratic corporatism (socio-economic policy) is developed within a centralised, national consultative system
• Three levels of collective bargaining: the interprofessional or national level, the sectorial level and the company level
• High membership (+- 60%)
• A high percentage of employees (90%) are covered by a collective labour agreement (CLA)
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFTCTI
> 55 %
45 - 55 %
35 - 45 %
15 - 35 %
< 15 %
Union densityUnion density
TRADE UNIONS DENSITY IN THE EU
87,579,079,0
69,2
50,044,5
39,839,032,530,029,729,027,0
15,09,0
0,010,020,030,040,050,060,070,080,090,0
100,0
DKFI
N S BLU
XIR
L A IGR P D UK NL E F
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING COVERAGE2005
0102030405060708090
100
%
A DK D NL P S I
GEWERKSCHAFTUNION SYNDICAT
CTI
MultiCentral
CompanyEnterprise
CompanyEnterprise
CompanyEnterprise
CompanyEnterprise
CompanyEnterprise
CompanyEnterprise
IndustryBranche
IndustryBranche
IndustryBranche
BasisBasis ofof collectivecollective
bargainingbargaining
UNION SYNDICATGEWERKSCHAFT
CTIUNION SYNDICAT
GEWERKSCHAFTCTI Works CouncilWorks Council
Comité d’entrepriseComité d’entreprise BetriebsratBetriebsrat
Workplace Workplace employee employee representation representation bodybody
Workplace Workplace employee employee representation representation bodybody
Works CouncilWorks Council
BetriebsratBetriebsrat
Comité Comité d’entreprised’entreprise
Composition of body
• Employees only
• Employees and employer (and/or other management representatives)
Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus(N), Cyprus (S), Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom
Belgium, Denmark, France, Luxembourg
CompositioComposition of bodyn of body
onlyonly
mixmix
Prescribed threshold for establishing the body
• In all firms
• from 5 employees
• from 10 employees
• from 15 employees
• from 20 employees
• from 35 employees
• from 50 employees
• from 100 employees
• from 150 employees
• no obligation: by voluntary agreement
• on request
Finland (1), Sweden Germany(2), Austria, Cyprus (S) Cyprus (N) Italy (3), Romania (4) Slovenia, Denmark Greece, Spain, France, Netherlands (5),
Hungary Belgium (6) Luxembourg Ireland, United Kingdom, Estonia,
Portugal, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Bulgaria, Turkey, Malta
Lithuania (7), Latvia, Poland (8)
Other forms of workplace employee representation
• Employee delegates
• Health and safety committee or representative
• Representation on board of directors or supervisory board
Spain, France, Luxembourg
All countries (1)
Slovenia, Netherlands, Sweden, Slovak Republic, Czech Republic, Austria, Denmark, Germany, Finland, France, Poland, Greece (2), Ireland(2), Luxembourg, Romania (3)
Représentation au Représentation au conseilconseil
d'administration ou de d'administration ou de surveillancesurveillance
Vertretung imVertretung im AufsichtsAufsichts- /- / VerwaltungsratVerwaltungsrat
Representation on Representation on board of board of
directors ordirectors orsupervisory boardsupervisory board
public
Central Works Council - Comité de groupeCentral Works Council - Comité de groupe Gesamt-/ Konzernbetriebsrat Gesamt-/ Konzernbetriebsrat
possiblepossible
legal legal basisbasis
Legal basis of the bodies
• Legislation
• Collective agreement
• Collective agreement and legislation
Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain
Cyprus (N), Cyprus (S), Denmark, Sweden, Malta, Turkey, United Kingdom(1), Ireland
Belgium, Finland(2), Italy (1) Finland: Codetermination determined
by legislation but shop stewards only by interproffessional agreeement
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