Building Resilient SocietyBuilding Resilient Societywithwith
Seismic IsolationSeismic Isolation
Anoop S. Mokha, Ph.D., S.E.Vice-President
Earthquake Protection SystemsCalifornia, USA
Building Resilient SocietyBuilding Resilient Societywithwith
Seismic IsolationSeismic Isolation
Anoop S. Mokha, Ph.D., S.E.Vice-President
Earthquake Protection SystemsCalifornia, USA
The Problem:The Problem:
Building codesBuilding codes
(Conventional &(Conventional & IIsolated Structures)solated Structures)
allow seismic damage and someallow seismic damage and some
collapses.collapses.
The Problem:The Problem:
Building codesBuilding codes
(Conventional &(Conventional & IIsolated Structures)solated Structures)
allow seismic damage and someallow seismic damage and some
collapses.collapses.
Damaged Hospital : Patients In Street, Mexico
Damaged Bridges
Damaged to
Storage Tanks
Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalityDesign CriteriaDesign Criteria
Limit seismic damage toLimit seismic damage toArchitectural, NonArchitectural, Non--Structural, &Structural, &
StructureStructureto less than 2% of theto less than 2% of the
replacement costs.replacement costs.
Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalityDesign CriteriaDesign Criteria
Limit seismic damage toLimit seismic damage toArchitectural, NonArchitectural, Non--Structural, &Structural, &
StructureStructureto less than 2% of theto less than 2% of the
replacement costs.replacement costs.
Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalityDesign ObjectivesDesign ObjectivesMinimize Earthquake DamageMinimize Earthquake Damage
Minimize Economic LossesMinimize Economic Losses
Achieve Seismic Resilient FacilitiesAchieve Seismic Resilient Facilities
Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalityDesign ObjectivesDesign ObjectivesMinimize Earthquake DamageMinimize Earthquake Damage
Minimize Economic LossesMinimize Economic Losses
Achieve Seismic Resilient FacilitiesAchieve Seismic Resilient Facilities
Seismic Design OptionsSeismic Design Options
1) Ductile Structures1) Ductile Structures
2) Stronger Structures2) Stronger Structures
3) Code Compliant Seismic Isolation3) Code Compliant Seismic Isolation
4) Continued Functionality Seismic Isolation4) Continued Functionality Seismic Isolation
Seismic Design OptionsSeismic Design Options
1) Ductile Structures1) Ductile Structures
2) Stronger Structures2) Stronger Structures
3) Code Compliant Seismic Isolation3) Code Compliant Seismic Isolation
4) Continued Functionality Seismic Isolation4) Continued Functionality Seismic Isolation
Learning From Recent EarthquakesLearning From Recent Earthquakes
New Zealand and ChileNew Zealand and Chilecodes require higher seismiccodes require higher seismicdesign forces than the USA.design forces than the USA.
Learning From Recent EarthquakesLearning From Recent Earthquakes
New Zealand and ChileNew Zealand and Chilecodes require higher seismiccodes require higher seismicdesign forces than the USA.design forces than the USA.
AA Magnitude 6.3 EarthquakeMagnitude 6.3 EarthquakeOccurred at ChristchurchOccurred at Christchurch
New Zealand in 2011New Zealand in 2011
185 People Killed185 People Killed
2 Buildings Collapsed2 Buildings Collapsed
1200 Buildings Demolished1200 Buildings Demolished$30 Billion in Economic Loss$30 Billion in Economic Loss
AA Magnitude 6.3 EarthquakeMagnitude 6.3 EarthquakeOccurred at ChristchurchOccurred at Christchurch
New Zealand in 2011New Zealand in 2011
185 People Killed185 People Killed
2 Buildings Collapsed2 Buildings Collapsed
1200 Buildings Demolished1200 Buildings Demolished$30 Billion in Economic Loss$30 Billion in Economic Loss
New Zealand 2011
Chile 2010 EarthquakeChile 2010 Earthquake
20 Buildings Collapsed20 Buildings Collapsed
10,000 Buildings Demolished10,000 Buildings Demolished$30 Billion Economic Loss$30 Billion Economic Loss
Chile 2010 EarthquakeChile 2010 Earthquake
20 Buildings Collapsed20 Buildings Collapsed
10,000 Buildings Demolished10,000 Buildings Demolished$30 Billion Economic Loss$30 Billion Economic Loss
Chile 2010
In societies having modern seismic codes,In societies having modern seismic codes,for every building that collapses, there arefor every building that collapses, there are
over 100 other buildings having noover 100 other buildings having nosignificant structural damage, but theysignificant structural damage, but they
cannot function due to noncannot function due to non--structural andstructural andcontent damage.content damage.
In societies having modern seismic codes,In societies having modern seismic codes,for every building that collapses, there arefor every building that collapses, there are
over 100 other buildings having noover 100 other buildings having nosignificant structural damage, but theysignificant structural damage, but they
cannot function due to noncannot function due to non--structural andstructural andcontent damage.content damage.
Olive View Hospital, California, 1971
Olive View Hospital, California, 1994No Structural Damage after the Northridge Earthquake.
Non-Structural Damage, 1994 Northridge EQ
Storage Racks, 1994 Northridge
Code CompliantCode CompliantSeismic Performance CriteriaSeismic Performance Criteria
“Ensure structure safety(?) to protect the“Ensure structure safety(?) to protect thelives of persons inside or on the structures.”lives of persons inside or on the structures.”
“Preventing damage or economic losses is“Preventing damage or economic losses isnot the intent of the code provisions.”not the intent of the code provisions.”
Code CompliantCode CompliantSeismic Performance CriteriaSeismic Performance Criteria
“Ensure structure safety(?) to protect the“Ensure structure safety(?) to protect thelives of persons inside or on the structures.”lives of persons inside or on the structures.”
“Preventing damage or economic losses is“Preventing damage or economic losses isnot the intent of the code provisions.”not the intent of the code provisions.”
Worldwide,Worldwide,structures that suffer severestructures that suffer severe
seismic damage do notseismic damage do notsatisfy owner expectations.satisfy owner expectations.
Worldwide,Worldwide,structures that suffer severestructures that suffer severe
seismic damage do notseismic damage do notsatisfy owner expectations.satisfy owner expectations.
Owners ExpectationsOwners Expectationsafter an Earthquake.after an Earthquake.
Facility to Remain Functional toFacility to Remain Functional toServe Intended FunctionServe Intended Function
Revenue Source UnRevenue Source Un--InterruptedInterrupted
Owners ExpectationsOwners Expectationsafter an Earthquake.after an Earthquake.
Facility to Remain Functional toFacility to Remain Functional toServe Intended FunctionServe Intended Function
Revenue Source UnRevenue Source Un--InterruptedInterrupted
Seismic Isolation Design OptionsSeismic Isolation Design Options
1) Code Compliant Seismic Isolation1) Code Compliant Seismic Isolation
2) Continued Functionality Seismic Isolation2) Continued Functionality Seismic Isolation
Seismic Isolation Design OptionsSeismic Isolation Design Options
1) Code Compliant Seismic Isolation1) Code Compliant Seismic Isolation
2) Continued Functionality Seismic Isolation2) Continued Functionality Seismic Isolation
Will code compliantseismically isolated structuressatisfy owner expectations?
.
Will code compliantseismically isolated structuressatisfy owner expectations?
.
Trans-European Motorway, Bolu TurkeyNew Code Compliant Seismically Isolated HighwayNearly Collapsed during the 1999 Turkey Earthquake
Trans-European Motorway, Turkey 1999 EarthquakeBridge Girders Are Not Supported On The Piers
Trans-European Motorway, Lateral Shift Damage, 1999 Turkey
Broken Energy Dissipation Units Girders Slid Off Bearings
All Energy Dissipation Units Broken
Friction Pendulum Bearings designed and manufactured by EPS,were used to retrofit the damaged viaduct, and for the design and
construction of three new Trans-European Motorway viaduct sections.
Seismic isolation is a designapproach, not a performance level.
The seismic performance resultsfrom the design criteria selected.
Seismic isolation is a designapproach, not a performance level.
The seismic performance resultsfrom the design criteria selected.
Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalitySeismic DesignSeismic Design
1) Absorb seismic displacements in bearings1) Absorb seismic displacements in bearings
2) Design structures elastically2) Design structures elastically
3) Limit structure drifts3) Limit structure drifts
4) Reduce in4) Reduce in--structure accelerationsstructure accelerations
Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalitySeismic DesignSeismic Design
1) Absorb seismic displacements in bearings1) Absorb seismic displacements in bearings
2) Design structures elastically2) Design structures elastically
3) Limit structure drifts3) Limit structure drifts
4) Reduce in4) Reduce in--structure accelerationsstructure accelerations
FEMA 58 is aFEMA 58 is amethodology andmethodology andcomputer programcomputer programthat calculates expectedthat calculates expectedearthquake damage forearthquake damage forbuildings.buildings.
FEMA 58 is the resultFEMA 58 is the resultof 20 years of Federalof 20 years of FederalFunding.Funding.
FEMA 58 is aFEMA 58 is amethodology andmethodology andcomputer programcomputer programthat calculates expectedthat calculates expectedearthquake damage forearthquake damage forbuildings.buildings.
FEMA 58 is the resultFEMA 58 is the resultof 20 years of Federalof 20 years of FederalFunding.Funding.
1) Design structure elastically using an R=11) Design structure elastically using an R=1
2) Maximum structure drifts less than 0.3%2) Maximum structure drifts less than 0.3%
3) Median floor spectra accelerations less than 0.4g3) Median floor spectra accelerations less than 0.4g
Continued FunctionalityContinued FunctionalityDesign Criteria forDesign Criteria for
REDiREDi PlatinumPlatinum1) Design structure elastically using an R=11) Design structure elastically using an R=1
2) Maximum structure drifts less than 0.3%2) Maximum structure drifts less than 0.3%
3) Median floor spectra accelerations less than 0.4g3) Median floor spectra accelerations less than 0.4g
EPS Manufacturing Capacity : Over 800 tons per month
EPS Manufacturing Capacity : Over 800 tons per month
EPS Manufacturing Capacity : Over 800 tons per month
Who has usedWho has used
Continued FunctionalityContinued Functionality
Seismic IsolationSeismic Isolation
Who has usedWho has used
Continued FunctionalityContinued Functionality
Seismic IsolationSeismic Isolation
Apple Headquarters, 400,000 Square Meters
Exxon Offshore Platform, Russia
Texas Instruments Manufacturing Facility150,000 Square Meters
Shell Offshore Platform, Russia
San Francisco General Hospital
Canadian Government Bridge
Mexican Government Building
Equador Bahia Bridge – EPS Continued Functionality DesignNo Damage During April 16, 2016 Mag 7.8 Earthquake
New Zealand FactoryEPS Seismic Bearings
29,729,7
Taiwan Condominiums - EPS Seismic Bearings
Taiwan Performing Arts Center,EPS Seismic Bearings
Japan Priceless Artifacts – EPS Seismic Bearings
US $1 Billion George Lucas Museum – Los AngelesContinued Functionality with Triple Pendulum Bearing
US $1.9 Billion Space Shuttle EndeavorProtected with Multi-Stage Friction Pendulum Bearing
IPCU Okemedani Hospital,200,000 Square Meters
Basaksehir Hospital Facility, Turkey10 Million square feet
IPCU Lutfi Kirdar Hospital,300,000 Square Meters
Adana Hospital, Turkey550,000 Square Meters
Stanford University Hospital
Mills Peninsula Hospital, CaliforniaEPS Seismic Bearings
IPCU Goztepe Hospital200,000 Square Meters
FEMA 58 Calculations of Seismic Damage (US $)for
Goztepe Hospital Using Different Isolation Bearings
Probability of BeingExceeded in 50 Years:EQ RecurrenceInterval
Triple PendulumBearings
Single PendulumBearings, SameBuilding
CodeCompliantBearings, SameBuilding
Same BuildingWithout SeismicIsolation Bearings
90%: 22 year return $162,000 $797,000 $2,647,00090%: 22 year return $162,000 $797,000 $2,647,000 $5,782,000
50%: 75 year return $1,224,000 $3,800,000 $10,193,000 $25,143,000
10%: 475 year return $3,776,000 $8,832,000 $16,365,000 $166,376,000
2%: 2475 year return $6,228,000 $10,341,000 $34,970,000 $196,717,000
LNG Tank Construction, Chile 2008
2 Chile Liquid Natural Gas TanksUndamaged By Magnitude 8.8 Earthquake
2 Mexican Liquid Natural Gas Tanks
2 Peru Liquid Natural Gas Tanks
3 Greece Liquid Natural Gas Tanks
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017Safe and UnsafeSafe and UnsafeSeismically Isolated StructuresSeismically Isolated Structures
AnoopAnoop S.S. MokhaMokha, Ph.D., S.E., Ph.D., S.E.ViceVice--President, Earthquake Protection SystemsPresident, Earthquake Protection Systems
Vallejo, CaliforniaVallejo, California
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
AnoopAnoop S.S. MokhaMokha, Ph.D., S.E., Ph.D., S.E.ViceVice--President, Earthquake Protection SystemsPresident, Earthquake Protection Systems
Vallejo, CaliforniaVallejo, California
20162016 MMww7.8 Ecuador7.8 Ecuador EarthquakeEarthquakeNew York City, 5/30/17New York City, 5/30/17
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017Codes Basic ObjectiveCodes Basic Objective::
ConventionalConventional & Isolated& Isolated StructuresStructures
“Life“Life--Safety” or “Collapse Prevention”Safety” or “Collapse Prevention”
Codes Problem: Isolated StructuresCodes Problem: Isolated Structures
Basic Objective : NOT SATISFIEDBasic Objective : NOT SATISFIED
Safe and UnsafeSeismically IsolatedStructures
Anoop S. Mokha, EPSGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Codes Basic ObjectiveCodes Basic Objective::
ConventionalConventional & Isolated& Isolated StructuresStructures
“Life“Life--Safety” or “Collapse Prevention”Safety” or “Collapse Prevention”
Codes Problem: Isolated StructuresCodes Problem: Isolated Structures
Basic Objective : NOT SATISFIEDBasic Objective : NOT SATISFIED
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Safe and UnsafeSeismically IsolatedStructures
Anoop S. Mokha, EPSGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017ASCE 7-16, Section 1.3.1
“Building and other structures, and all parts thereof, shall be designed andconstructed with adequate strength and stiffness to provide structural stability”
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Safe and UnsafeSeismically IsolatedStructures
Anoop S. Mokha, EPSGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Safe and UnsafeSeismically IsolatedStructures
Anoop S. Mokha, EPSGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Safe and UnsafeSeismically IsolatedStructures
Anoop S. Mokha, EPSGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Safe and UnsafeSeismically IsolatedStructures
Anoop S. Mokha, EPSGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Safe and UnsafeSeismically IsolatedStructures
Anoop S. Mokha, EPSGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Safe and UnsafeSeismically IsolatedStructures
Anoop S. Mokha, EPSGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
No Damage to Bahai Bridge During the April 16, 2016 Mag 7.8 Equador Earthquake
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Safe and UnsafeSeismically IsolatedStructures
Anoop S. Mokha, EPSGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Pier 12 Bearing After 7.8 EarthquakeBahai Bridge - Ecuador
Bahai Bridge – Ecuador Triple BearingShear Capacity Test at EPS
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Safe and UnsafeSeismically IsolatedStructures
Anoop S. Mokha, EPSGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Safe and UnsafeSeismically IsolatedStructures
Anoop S. Mokha, EPSGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Safe and UnsafeSeismically IsolatedStructures
Anoop S. Mokha, EPSGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Safe and UnsafeSeismically IsolatedStructures
Anoop S. Mokha, EPSGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017Solution:Solution:
URGENT Safety Changes in CodesURGENT Safety Changes in Codes
In Absence:In Absence:
Provide in Isolation Bearings Minimum:Provide in Isolation Bearings Minimum:1.51.5 DtmDtm & 2.0 MCE Shear capacities& 2.0 MCE Shear capacities
to achieveto achieveminimum 10% Probability of Collapseminimum 10% Probability of Collapse
Safe and UnsafeSeismically IsolatedStructures
Anoop S. Mokha, EPSGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Solution:Solution:
URGENT Safety Changes in CodesURGENT Safety Changes in Codes
In Absence:In Absence:
Provide in Isolation Bearings Minimum:Provide in Isolation Bearings Minimum:1.51.5 DtmDtm & 2.0 MCE Shear capacities& 2.0 MCE Shear capacities
to achieveto achieveminimum 10% Probability of Collapseminimum 10% Probability of Collapse
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Safe and UnsafeSeismically IsolatedStructures
Anoop S. Mokha, EPSGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Title ofYourTalk
Name, AffiliationGSMT, New York City
May 30, 2017
Your Logohere2016 Mw7.8 Ecuador Earthquake: Relevance to NYC & US Critical Infrastructure
EERI-NYNE and ASCE Met Section Infrastructure Group Mini-Symposium
Testing of Seismic Isolation Bearings
• Prototype Testing
• Quality Control
Testing of Seismic Isolation Bearings
• Prototype Testing
• Quality Control
Prototype Testing of Isolation Bearings
ASCE 7 Requires Prototype Testing of Full-Scale Bearingsduring Design Phase (and NOT during Construction)
ASCE 7 Requires Dynamic Prototype Testing
Prototype Tests should include
Shear Load Capacity Tests
Vertical Load Capacity Tests
Uplift Displacement Capacity Tests
Quality Control Testing of Bearings
100% QC Testing VERY IMPORTANT
100% QC Testing Required by AASHTO & ASCE 7-16
When Testing is Required for 100% of ColumnMaterials (Steel or Concrete), then Why IsolationBearings which support Column Loads are EitherNot Tested or Tested to Certain Percentage (20%)?
EPS Large Scale Dynamic Test Machine
DYNAMIC OF TRIPLE PENDULUM BEARING
EPS Dynamic Quality Control Test, Triple Pendulum Bearing
5-Story Full-Scale Building Isolated with 9 Full-ScaleTriple Pendulum Bearings with 1 m Displacement Capacity
E-Defense Shake Table, Japan
Triple Pendulum Shake Table TestsE-Defense NEES TIPS
Important Considerations - Seismic Isolation
Safety
Manufacturer Qualifications
100% Production Bearings Dynamic QC Testing
Seismic Performance – “Continued Functionality”
Safety
Manufacturer Qualifications
100% Production Bearings Dynamic QC Testing
Seismic Performance – “Continued Functionality”
Thank YouThank You
for considering EPSfor considering EPS
Continued FunctionalityContinued Functionality --
Seismic Isolation DesignSeismic Isolation Designforfor
Resilient StructuresResilient Structures
Thank YouThank You
for considering EPSfor considering EPS
Continued FunctionalityContinued Functionality --
Seismic Isolation DesignSeismic Isolation Designforfor
Resilient StructuresResilient Structures
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