Building Effective Coaches to Building Effective Coaches to Expand & Sustain PBIS Expand & Sustain PBIS
ImplementationImplementation
Marla Dewhirst, Illinois PBIS Network; Susan Barrett, Sheppard Pratt Health System, Maryland Karyn Renneberg, Howard County Public Schools, Maryland
Big picture …..How do you change individual behavior in schools?
How do you create school environments that sustain change?
What system-level mechanisms and infrastructure are necessary to sustain and bring to scale interventions that create desired change?
What does NOT WORKWhat does NOT WORKExcellent evidence for what does not work
•Implementation by edict does not work
•Implementation by “ following the money” does not work
•Implementation without changing supporting roles and functions does not work
Paul Nutt (2003) Why decisions fail
PBS Systems Implementation LogicPBS Systems Implementation Logic
Leadership Team
FundingVisibility Political
Support
Training Coaching Evaluation
Active Coordination
Local School Teams/Demonstrations
Frequently Asked QuestionsFrequently Asked Questions
How do you select coaches ?How do you select coaches ?
Where does the funding come from?Where does the funding come from?
How many schools per coach?How many schools per coach?
How do you train coaches?How do you train coaches?
How do you provide ongoing technical How do you provide ongoing technical assistance for coaches?assistance for coaches?
•An evidence-based program is one thing
•Implementation of an evidence based program is a very different thing
Dean Fixsen National Implementation Research Network http://nirn.fmhi.usf.edu/
ImplementationImplementation
Core Implementation ComponentsCore Implementation Components
Staff Selection (organizing a team)Staff Selection (organizing a team)
Staff TrainingStaff Training
Staff CoachingStaff Coaching
Evaluation and Fidelity Evaluation and Fidelity
Four Main Roles of CoachFour Main Roles of CoachSpouse 2001Spouse 2001
•Supervision
•Teaching while engaged in practice activities
•Assessment and feedback
•Provision of emotional support
Newly-learned behavior is crude compared to Newly-learned behavior is crude compared to performance by a master practitioner. performance by a master practitioner.
Newly-learned behavior is fragile and needs to Newly-learned behavior is fragile and needs to be supported in the face of reactive consumers be supported in the face of reactive consumers and others in the service setting.and others in the service setting.
Newly-learned behavior is incomplete and will Newly-learned behavior is incomplete and will need to be shaped to be most functional in a need to be shaped to be most functional in a service setting. service setting.
Coaches need training and supportCoaches need training and support
Joyce and Showers (2002) Leadership, organizational culture, labor relations, interpersonal relationships and engagement in participatory planning all impact the availability and effectiveness of coaching.
In addition, coaches need to be trained and coached to provide specialized coaching functions for teachers and requires more organizational leadership and more resources (Marks&Gerston, 1998)
Coaching starts at the initial trainingCoaching starts at the initial training
Showers & Joyce (1996) recommended that coaching relationships should start during the training so parts of the training experience (practice new skills, receive feedback, re-practice) can facilitate the development of the coaching relationship
Training alone, no Training alone, no matter how well done, matter how well done, does notdoes not lead to lead to successful successful implementationimplementation
Training AloneTraining Alone Coaching AloneCoaching Alone
- Content/topic focusedContent/topic focused- Efficient Efficient
dissemination of dissemination of informationinformation
- Cost effectiveCost effective- Develop skill Develop skill
foundationfoundation- Skill acquisition and Skill acquisition and
fluency fluency (initial learning)(initial learning)
- Formative evaluationFormative evaluation
- Process focusedProcess focused- On-going supportOn-going support- Implementation Implementation
fidelityfidelity- Skill maintenance Skill maintenance
and generalizationand generalization(advanced learning)(advanced learning)
- Process evaluationProcess evaluation- AccountabilityAccountability
Systems ApproachSystems Approach(Training – Coaching Combined)(Training – Coaching Combined)
- Common Common foundational skillsfoundational skills
- Individualized supportIndividualized support- Sustained Sustained
implementationimplementation- Increased efficiencyIncreased efficiency
- Formative, process, Formative, process, and summative and summative evaluationevaluation
- Improved contextual-Improved contextual-fitfit
- Increased Increased organizational organizational capacitycapacity
- AccountabilityAccountability
Coaching at ALL LevelsCoaching at ALL Levels
School (teachers, team)School (teachers, team)
Leadership (“Executive Coaching” for Leadership (“Executive Coaching” for building level and district level admin)building level and district level admin)
CoachesCoaches
CoordinatorsCoordinators
Oh my!Oh my!
465
590
0
283
383
178
64 118
14 34
368263
42 61
133183
8130
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
FY 99 FY 00 FY 01 FY 02 FY 03 FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY07(Projected)
Schools Trained Coaches Trained
Behavior Support CoachesBehavior Support Coaches383 Behavior Support Coaches383 Behavior Support Coaches– Itinerant positions/funded by LSS Itinerant positions/funded by LSS
Meet 5 times/yearMeet 5 times/year– NetworkingNetworking– Regional MeetingsRegional Meetings– WorkgroupsWorkgroups
Coaches ReceptionCoaches ReceptionCoaches Newsletter/Coaches Coaches Newsletter/Coaches CalendarCalendarCoach = RecruiterCoach = Recruiter
8 LSS Coordinators8 LSS Coordinators
Roles of CoachRoles of Coach
Sustainability & AccountabilitySustainability & AccountabilityHands-on technical assistanceHands-on technical assistanceGuide problem solvingGuide problem solvingLocal trainingLocal trainingTeam start-up & sustainabilityTeam start-up & sustainabilityPublic relations/communicationsPublic relations/communications
Support local leadershipSupport local leadershipLocal coordination of resourcesLocal coordination of resourcesProvide prompts & reinforcersProvide prompts & reinforcers
Behavior Support Coach ActivitiesBehavior Support Coach ActivitiesFTE allocated to complete tasksFTE allocated to complete tasksConsistently attend team meetingsConsistently attend team meetingsAssist team with data-based decision-making, Assist team with data-based decision-making, planning, and implementationplanning, and implementationAttend Regional/State Coaches Attend Regional/State Coaches meetings/trainingsmeetings/trainingsSend information to PBIS State/District Send information to PBIS State/District Coordinator (e.g., checklists, action plans, etc.)Coordinator (e.g., checklists, action plans, etc.)Assist with dissemination activities (e.g., Assist with dissemination activities (e.g., presentations, case studies, articles, etc.)presentations, case studies, articles, etc.)
Colorado’s Coach Job DescriptionColorado’s Coach Job Description
How do you select coachesHow do you select coaches
District DiscretionDistrict Discretion
Job DescriptionJob Description
Commitment AgreementCommitment Agreement
Pre-requisites: Pre-requisites: – PBIS team memberPBIS team member– WIIFMWIIFM– On-going trainingOn-going training
Where does the funding come fromWhere does the funding come from
Education Fund..# 1 (make it permanent)Education Fund..# 1 (make it permanent)Short Term Grants: Safe and Drug Free Short Term Grants: Safe and Drug Free Schools, Character Counts, Violence Schools, Character Counts, Violence Prevention, Safe Schools Healthy ChildrenPrevention, Safe Schools Healthy ChildrenRe-allocation of local dollars – Key!Re-allocation of local dollars – Key!State and Federal Title Grants:State and Federal Title Grants:– School improvementSchool improvement– Staff developmentStaff development– Safe and Drug Free SchoolsSafe and Drug Free Schools– Innovative initiativesInnovative initiatives– IDEA prevention %IDEA prevention %
How many schools per coachHow many schools per coach
Good Question!!!Good Question!!!– It depends…. It depends…. – 1.0 for 10-15 schools/districts??1.0 for 10-15 schools/districts??– Universal verses Secondary and Tertiary Universal verses Secondary and Tertiary
SupportSupport– Large Urban District or Small Rural Large Urban District or Small Rural – What is your capacity?What is your capacity?– In Illinois, most Coordinators have 60 In Illinois, most Coordinators have 60
buildings 10-15 Districtsbuildings 10-15 Districts
How do you train coachesHow do you train coaches
Previous experiencePrevious experience
Train with teamTrain with team
On-going network meetingsOn-going network meetings
On-going technical assistanceOn-going technical assistance
Initial training seriesInitial training series
Advanced training seriesAdvanced training series
Continuous regeneration (Rob Horner)Continuous regeneration (Rob Horner)
How do you provide ongoing How do you provide ongoing technical assistance for coachestechnical assistance for coaches
Put on data base for all information that Put on data base for all information that comes out statewidecomes out statewide
Specific Coaches TrainingSpecific Coaches Training– See Coaches Series DescriptionsSee Coaches Series Descriptions– Have recognized need for internal and Have recognized need for internal and
external coaches training – taking training up external coaches training – taking training up a step in 2008a step in 2008
Practical ApplicationPractical Application
Internal Coach Job DescriptionInternal Coach Job Description
External Coach Job DescriptionExternal Coach Job Description
Coaches Self-AssessmentCoaches Self-Assessment
Data Based Decision MakingData Based Decision Making– Phases and SWIS Data ActivityPhases and SWIS Data Activity
Coaching Towards Full DistrictCoaching Towards Full DistrictImplementationImplementation
Howard County Public Schools
Ellicott City , Maryland
Suburban Community Suburban Community Baltimore-Washington CorridorBaltimore-Washington Corridor
71 Schools71 Schools– 38 Elementary38 Elementary– 1 Pre-K to 81 Pre-K to 8– 18 Middle18 Middle– 12 High12 High– 2 Special Schools2 Special Schools
48, 221 Students48, 221 Students
The PBIS VoyageThe PBIS Voyage
Joined PBIS Training in 2000Joined PBIS Training in 2000
3 Elementary Schools3 Elementary SchoolsDasher GreenDasher Green
ElkridgeElkridgePhelps LuckPhelps Luck
HCPSS Coaches Not DeterminedHCPSS Coaches Not Determined
608
108
46 7732 22
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
ODR suspension
Dasher Green Elementary: PBIS Data
1999-012000-012001-02
Sophisticated Coaching Sophisticated Coaching SystemSystem
KarynAnne
20022002--0303
Dasher Green ElementaryDasher Green Elementary
Owen Brown MiddleOwen Brown Middle
Wilde Lake HighWilde Lake High
20032003--0404
Cradlerock (Dasher Green/Owen Brown)Cradlerock (Dasher Green/Owen Brown)
Laurel Woods ElementaryLaurel Woods Elementary
Wilde Lake HighWilde Lake High
3 Is Not A Crowd!3 Is Not A Crowd!
NEEDED TO GET THE MESSAGE OUT NEEDED TO GET THE MESSAGE OUT THERE……….THERE……….
From GRASS ROOTS To………From GRASS ROOTS To………
Grand Scheme!Grand Scheme!
Triangle TeamTriangle Team
Director of Student Services
Behavior Specialist Facilitator for School Psychologists
Director Of Student ServicesDirector Of Student Services– Point Of Contact/Connection To School AdministrationPoint Of Contact/Connection To School Administration– Community AgenciesCommunity Agencies– Chairs The HCPSS PBIS Leadership TeamChairs The HCPSS PBIS Leadership Team
Behavior SpecialistBehavior Specialist– Support/Training For CoachesSupport/Training For Coaches– Provided TA For Yellow/Red Zone StrategiesProvided TA For Yellow/Red Zone Strategies– SWIS FacilitatorSWIS Facilitator
– Attend State Leadership MeetingsAttend State Leadership Meetings
Facilitator For School PsychologistsFacilitator For School Psychologists– Writes And Develops Grants To Fund TrainingWrites And Develops Grants To Fund Training– Develops BudgetDevelops Budget– Data Review, Focus On Disproportionality IssuesData Review, Focus On Disproportionality Issues– Attend State Leadership MeetingsAttend State Leadership Meetings
HCPSS PBIS Leadership TeamHCPSS PBIS Leadership Team
Consists Of:Consists Of:
Triangle TeamTriangle Team
– PBIS Principals, CoachesPBIS Principals, Coaches
– County AdministratorsCounty Administrators
– County Data SpecialistCounty Data Specialist
– Community Agencies (Mental Health, Community Agencies (Mental Health, Juvenile JusticeJuvenile Justice
Goal 2 Safe and Nurturing Environments
Valuing Diversity and Commonality
SHARED VISION AND VALUES
Academic Achievement for All Students
Safe & Nurturing Environments
Culturally
Proficient
Positive B
ehavioralS
upports
Effective P
roblem S
olving Team
s
School, F
amily
& C
omm
unity P
artnerships
Pillar I Pillar II
Pillar III
Pillar IV
Spreading The WordSpreading The Word
20042004– Student, Family and Student, Family and
Community ServicesCommunity Services– Office Of Special Office Of Special
EducationEducation
20052005– Principals/AP MeetingPrincipals/AP Meeting– HCPSS Administrators HCPSS Administrators
Summer Institute Summer Institute – Student ServicesStudent Services
2006 2006 – Principals/AP MeetingPrincipals/AP Meeting– Department Of Department Of
Student ServicesStudent Services– Board Of EducationBoard Of Education– Board Member Board Member
Attends Spring ForumAttends Spring Forum
20072007– Board Of EducationBoard Of Education– Board Members Board Members
Attend New Team Attend New Team TrainingTraining
Bellows Spring ES
Folly Quarter MS
Bollman Bridge ES Glenwood MS
Clemons Crossing ES
Hammond MS
Cradlerock Deep Run ES Mount View MS
Laurel Woods ES
Guilford ES Murray Hill MS
Wilde Lake HS
Hammond ES Oakland Mills MS
Guilford ES Ilchester ES Patapsco MSBryant Woods ES
Cradlerock Longfellow ES Jeffers Hill ES Patuxent Valley MS
Dayton Oaks ES
Laurel Woods ES
Bollman Bridge ES
Laurel Woods ES
Wilde Lake MS Elkridge ES
Wilde Lake HS
Deep Run ES Lisbon ES Atholton HS Forest Ridge ES
Guilford ES Hammond MS Longfellow ES Centennial HSSwansfield ES
Longfellow ES Murray Hill MS
Phelps Luck ES
Howard HS Talbott Springs ES
Bollman Bridge ES
Hammond ES Rockburn ES Long Reach HS
Triadelphia Ridge ES
Deep Run ES Wilde Lake MS
Running Brook ES
Reservoir HSVeteran's ES
Dasher Green (Cradlerock)
Hammond MS Oakland Mills MS
St. Johns ES Wilde Lake HS
Waterloo ESDasher Green
ESDasher Green
ESDasher Green
ESOBMS
(Cradlerock)Murray Hill
MSRockburn ES Stevens Forest
ESCedar Lane Bonnie Branch
MSPhelps Luck
ESPhelps Luck ES (inactive)
Owen Brown MS
Laurel Woods ES
Cedar Lane (inactive)
Stevens Forest ES
Dunloggin MS Cradlerock Harpers Choice MS
Elkridge ES Elkridge ES (inactive)
Laurel Woods ES
Wilde Lake HS
Homewood (inactive)
Howard HS Elkridge Landing MS
Homewood Center
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20072006
NEW
2007
School Level Percentages
Elementary 53%Middle 23%High 13%Other 6%
53%23%
13%
6%
47 Schools
64% of All HCPSS
ConsideringConsideringInternal/External Coaching SystemInternal/External Coaching System
Use Skilled Staff Use Skilled Staff Within The BuildingWithin The Building
Time Time
Knowledge Of Knowledge Of Staffing/OperationStaffing/Operation
Staff RelationshipsStaff Relationships
Coordination Of Coordination Of Problem Solving Problem Solving TeamsTeams
Independent Independent Relationship With Relationship With StaffStaffOutside PerspectiveOutside PerspectiveMultiple School Multiple School AccessAccessFlexible ScheduleFlexible ScheduleBehavioral Expertise Behavioral Expertise For Red/Yellow For Red/Yellow ZonesZones
INTERNAL COACH EXTERNAL COACH
52 PBIS COACHES
school psychologist 42%
school counselors 21%
alternative education 15%
teachers 9%
special education staff 6%
administrators 6%
42%
21%
15%
9%
6%6%
52 coaches
What Do Coaches Do?What Do Coaches Do?
Analyze School DataAnalyze School DataSet Up Team Set Up Team MeetingsMeetingsDelegate/Share or Delegate/Share or Burn OutBurn OutSet Goals With TeamSet Goals With TeamAssist With Assist With Coordination of Coordination of EventsEventsShare Data With StaffShare Data With Staff
Technical Assistance Technical Assistance To Teams/CoachesTo Teams/Coaches
Serve on Local And Serve on Local And State Leadership State Leadership TeamTeam
Coordinate SWIS, Coordinate SWIS, SET’s And Staff SET’s And Staff DevelopmentDevelopment
INTERNAL COACH EXTERNAL COACH
Help The Schools To OrganizeHelp The Schools To Organize
Coaching InformationCoaching Information
MeetingsMeetings
ArticlesArticles
Outside ExamplesOutside Examples
Conference Information Conference Information
School Information:School Information:
Based On SET-Based On SET--Expectations-Expectations
-Teaching-Teaching
-Rewards-Rewards
-Behavior Violations-Behavior Violations
-Decision Making-Decision Making
-Management-Management
-District Support-District Support
2 Notebooks
HCPSS Coaches TrainingHCPSS Coaches Training
Howard CountyHoward County
– Coaches MeetingsCoaches Meetings
– SWISSWIS
– Staff DevelopmentStaff Development
– Returning Team Returning Team Summer InstituteSummer Institute
StatewideStatewide
– Coaches MeetingsCoaches Meetings
– School Visits (level)School Visits (level)
– New Team New Team Summer InstituteSummer Institute
– SETSET
2006-07 Staff Development2006-07 Staff Development
Dr. Reinke - Johns Hopkins UniversityDr. Reinke - Johns Hopkins University
The Classroom Checkup:The Classroom Checkup:
An Assessment/Intervention Tool For An Assessment/Intervention Tool For Improving Classroom ManagementImproving Classroom Management
Susan Barrett/Elsa Velez - Maryland PBISSusan Barrett/Elsa Velez - Maryland PBIS
BEP:Behavior Education ProgramBEP:Behavior Education Program
103 Participants103 Participants
Returning Team TrainingReturning Team TrainingCentral Region 2Central Region 2
First Year for Counties Conducting Own First Year for Counties Conducting Own Summer InstituteSummer Institute
Central Region - 4 CountiesCentral Region - 4 Counties700 Participants From 4 Counties700 Participants From 4 Counties
170 Howard County Team Members170 Howard County Team Members20 Breakout Sessions:20 Breakout Sessions: School-wideSchool-wide
ClassroomClassroomIndividualIndividual
CelebrationsCelebrations
16 Schools Met Criteria For Maryland PBIS 16 Schools Met Criteria For Maryland PBIS Recognition Awards!!Recognition Awards!!
8 Exemplar8 Exemplar
7 Banner7 Banner
1 Green Ribbon1 Green Ribbon
Data CelebrationsData Celebrations
The first and second year of PBIS implementation results The first and second year of PBIS implementation results in a in a 15-20% reduction in office discipline referrals15-20% reduction in office discipline referrals each each year.year.
During the same two years the “During the same two years the “Green Zone”Green Zone” for PBIS for PBIS schools ranged from 75-90% of the school population (this schools ranged from 75-90% of the school population (this parallels national data trends). parallels national data trends).
In turn, there In turn, there is a significant cost benefitis a significant cost benefit of time gained for of time gained for both instructional time and administrative leadership in both instructional time and administrative leadership in each school.each school.
Coaching CelebrationCoaching Celebration
End Of Year Showcase/CelebrationEnd Of Year Showcase/Celebration
Breakfast For All CoachesBreakfast For All Coaches
Raffle For Gift Cards Based on Raffle For Gift Cards Based on
““Tickets”Tickets”
TicketsTicketsAttended 2 Statewide Coaches TrainingAttended 2 Statewide Coaches Training
Attended the Feb. 23rd Professional Dev.Attended the Feb. 23rd Professional Dev.
Data In On Time Each MonthData In On Time Each Month
Submitted School for Recognition AwardSubmitted School for Recognition Award
Became A SET TrainerBecame A SET Trainer
Completed More Than One SETCompleted More Than One SET
Your School Obtained a SET of 90% Your School Obtained a SET of 90%
Assisted With Board of Ed PresentationAssisted With Board of Ed Presentation
Your School Already Registered for Summer Your School Already Registered for Summer Institute!!Institute!!
ChallengesChallenges
Giving The “Right” Amount Of SupportGiving The “Right” Amount Of Support
TimeTime
MoneyMoney
High SchoolsHigh Schools
Sustaining The Energy And SupportSustaining The Energy And Support
Ongoing Training Ongoing Training
Favorite Tools for CoachesFavorite Tools for Coaches
www.pbssurveys.orgwww.pbssurveys.orgBOQ (Florida)BOQ (Florida)Coaches Self AssessmentCoaches Self AssessmentImplementation Phase InventoryImplementation Phase Inventorywww.pbismaryland.orgwww.pbismaryland.org– Coach tab, click coaches resourcesCoach tab, click coaches resources
Checklist for Returning Team TrainingChecklist for Returning Team TrainingCoaches Meeting AgendaCoaches Meeting AgendaCoaches Calendar (Colorado, New Hampshire)Coaches Calendar (Colorado, New Hampshire)
For Future ReferenceFor Future Reference
[email protected] (Marla Dewhirst)[email protected] (Marla Dewhirst)
www.pbisillinois.orgwww.pbisillinois.org
[email protected] [email protected]
[email protected][email protected]
www.pbismaryland.orgwww.pbismaryland.org
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