Bringing Geographical Location To WebBringing Geographical Location To Web
By
P.Hema
HOW?HOW?
GIS>>> Geographical Information system
GOOGLE EARTH>>> A magnificent satellite view
GOOGLE EARTHGOOGLE EARTH
Geo- Mapping software application
Formerly called -“KEYHOLE”
In short it brings
“ENTIRE PLANET” to your PC
What can Google Earth do?What can Google Earth do?
Features of Google Earth
Discovering Asteroid ImpactsDiscovering Asteroid Impacts
The first crater as seen from 20 km distance
Discovering Asteroid ImpactsDiscovering Asteroid Impacts
View of second crater from 5km distance
What is GISWhat is GIS
“Roger Tomlinson”-father of GISIt is capable of
•Integrating•Storing•Editing
•Analyzing•Display geo-referenced information
Technical Aspects of GISTechnical Aspects of GIS
DATA CREATIONDATA REPRESENTAIONDATA STRUCTURES IN GIS
-Point -line -Polygon
Technical Aspects of GISTechnical Aspects of GIS
DATA CAPTURE
PROJECTIONS COORDINATE
SYSTEM & REGISTRATION
SPATIAL DATA ANALYSIS SPATIAL DATA ANALYSIS WITH GISWITH GIS
SPATIAL DATA REPRESENTAIONSPATIAL DATA REPRESENTAION
Managing collections of spatial objects
“SPACES” R* tree implementation Design Principles
Space (S)---------------------
Insert (SO)Remove (SO)Retrieve (SO)
Spatial Object (SO)-----------------------------
Contains (SO)Intersection (SO)
Distance (SO)Clone () :SO
Bounding Box (BB)----------------------------
Contains (BB)Intersection (BB)
Access Method (AM)--------------------------
Insert (SO)Remove (SO)Retrieve (BB)
GEO TOOLKIT KERNEL
1:n
1:n
1:n
Group
Curve Surface Solid
TetrahedronTriangleSegmentPoint Rep
Point
BoxPlaneLine
Poly Line Triangle Net Tetra Net
Spatial Object Class Hierarchy
User defined
0D 1D 2D 3D
R* Tree Oc Tree
Access Method Class Hierarchy
User defined Access Methods
Architecture for storing complex spatial types
DATA MODELINGDATA MODELING --Depicting 2D & 3D characteristics of the Depicting 2D & 3D characteristics of the
earth’s surfaceearth’s surface
TOPOLOGICAL MODELING -Analyzing spatial relationships that exist within
digitally stored spatial data.
CARTOGRAPHIC MODELINGCARTOGRAPHIC MODELING
A GIS map consists of multiple layers of geographic data
GEOSTATISTICSGEOSTATISTICS -Uses ‘GRAPH THEORY’ & ‘MATRIX -Uses ‘GRAPH THEORY’ & ‘MATRIX
ALGERBRA’ALGERBRA’
GEOCODING -Calculating spatial locations
REVERSE GEOCODING-Returning an estimated street address
DATA OUTPUT & CARTOGRAPHY
GRAPHIC DISPLAY TECHNIQUES
GIS SOFTWARE-Grass GIS
-Quantum GIS -Map server -Open jump
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
Valuable tool
Geographical education
Extending Applications
QUERIES?QUERIES???????????
POINT ID X-Coordinate Y-Coordinate
POINT-1 30123.6 19782.0
POINT-2 30167.3 19745.7
POINT-3 34952.2 19648.1
.
ARC Reference
X-Coordinate
Y-Coordinate
NODE-1 30123.6 19782.4
NODE-2 30167.3 19745.7
VERTEX-3 30952.2 19648.1
.
POLYGON Reference
Attribute Pointer
Three Point-1
X-Coordinate Y-Coordinate
30123.6 19782.4
30167.3 19745.7
30952.2 19648.1
30123.6 19782.4
.