Biology Bio- life
Ology – study of
Branches of Biology:
- Anatomy: study of the structure of organisms
- Genetics: heredity of living things
- Microbiology: microscopic living things
- Physiology: functions of the structures that make up living things.
- Taxonomy: study of the classification of organisms.
- Botany: study of plants
- Zoology: study of animals
- Ecology: study of interactions among organisms and their environment.
Independent and Dependent variables.
Independent Variable – “The Cause”The one thing that is changed in an experimentThis variable makes one test “independent” of
another test
Dependent Variable – “The Effect”The result of the experimentWhat is measuredThis “depends” on what you changed
The temperature of the water was measured at different depths of the lake.
Different depths Temperature
Independent V. Dependent V.
The amount of time you study will make a positive difference on your next test score.
Time studying Score on the next test
Independent V. Dependent V.
The higher the temperature of water, the faster the egg will cook
Temp of water time it takes to cook
IV DV
An investigation was done to see if keeping the lights on for different amount of time each day affected the number of eggs the chicken lay.
Amt. lights are on number of eggs layed
IV DV
The time it takes to run a mile depends on the amount of exercise a person gets.
Time to run a mile amt. of exercise
DV IV
Grass will grow taller if it is watered and fertilized more.
Height of grass watered and fertilized
DV IV
The amount of algae growth in lakes seems to be directly related to the number of sacks of fertilizer sold.
Amt. of algae growth fertilizer sold
DV IV
MeasurementsVolume – liters (base unit)
Length – meters (base unit)
Mass – grams (base unit)
Time – seconds (base unit)
Monday: BellringerOn a piece of scrap paper, identify if each statement is
an inference or observation.
1. Problem/QuestionProblem
Ex. All the fish are dying in the river.
QuestionEx. I wonder what the inside of a fish looks like.
3. HypothesisIf__________then____________,because______________.
Will food coloring in water change the color of a carnation?
Will more light make plants grow taller?
4. ExperimentExperimental Group
Independent Variable - ManipulateDependent Variable - Data
Control GroupNo Independent Variable
Identify qualitative or quantitative data.
1. There are four bubbles that formed.
2. The carnation is blue.
3. The plants grew more when there was added nitrogen in the fertilizer.
4. 68% of the ninth grade class received their laptops.
5. The student answered 9 out of 10 questions correct.
English vs. Metric Units
Left Image: http://webapps.lsa.umich.edu/physics/demolab/controls/imagedemosm.aspx?picid=1167Right Image: http://share.lancealan.com/N800%20ruler.jpg
Which is longer?
A. 1 mile or 1 kilometer
B. 1 yard or 1 meter
C. 1 inch or 1 centimeter
1.6 kilometers
1 mile
1 yard = 0.9444 meters
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters
Measuring Length
Ruler: http://www.k12math.com/math-concepts/measurement/ruler-cm.jpg
How many millimeters are in 1 centimeter?
What is the length of the line in centimeters? _______cm
What is the length of the line in millimeters? _______mm
What is the length of the line to the nearest centimeter? ________cm
HINT: Round to the nearest centimeter – no decimals.
1 centimeter = 10 millimeters
Metric Units
The basic unit of length in the metric system in the meter and is represented by a lowercase m.
Standard: The distance traveled by light in absolute vacuum in 1⁄299,792,458 of a second.
Metric Units
1 Kilometer (km) = 1000 meters
1 Meter = 100 Centimeters (cm)
1 Meter = 1000 Millimeters (mm)
Which is larger?
A. 1 meter or 105 centimeters
B. 4 kilometers or 4400 meters
C. 12 centimeters or 102 millimeters
D. 1200 millimeters or 1 meter
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