Brain TeaserHow could all of your cousins have an aunt who is not your aunt?

Minerals

Mineral - definition

• Naturally occurring• Inorganic• Solid• Specific atomic composition• Definite atomic structure

Mineral Identification

• 1. Hardness• 2. Streak• 3. Cleavage/Fracture• 4. Luster• 5. Specific Gravity• 6. Color

Hardness• Is measured by how easy it is to

scratch. • Geologists order the hardness by…1. Scratched by a fingernail.2. Scratched by a penny. 3. Scratched by a nail. 4. Scratched by a diamond. These are not all of the tools geologists

use, but it will work for our experiment.

Mineral Identification• Hardness – the ability to resist scratching; ranges from 1

(softest) to 10 (hardest)

Mineral Systems

• If space is not restricted, a mineral will exhibit a crystal pattern with a definite number of sides and specific angles.

Mineral Identification

• _________ – the color of the powdered form of a mineral

Streak

Mineral Identification

• Cleavage (flat surfaces) or Fracture (no flat surfaces) – the way a mineral __________ breaks

Mineral Identification

• Fracture: ___________________• Ex. Quartz or obsidian

FASHION

Mica is probably the best example as it splits into thin sheets. It is said to have

one perfect cleavage.

Calcite and Galena cleave in three directions.They are said to have three good cleavages.

Not all minerals show cleavage.Those that don’t break along cleavage

surfaces are said to have fracture.

Terminator Baby

Luster• Refers to the way light

reflects from the surface of the mineral.

• There are two types of luster, –Metallic: looks like polished metal.

–Nonmetallic: does not look like polished metal. • Nonmetallic can be shiny or dull.

Pyrite has metallic luster

Quartz has nonmetallic luster

Specific Gravity of a Mineral

One mineral property we will not use…

COLOR

A mineral can be many different colors. Below is Mica.

Brain Teasers1. Mary’s father has 5 daughters – Nana, Nene,

Nini, Nono. What is the fifth daughters name?

2. In a one-story pink house, there was a pink person, a pink cat, a pink fish, a pink computer, a pink chair, a pink table, a pink telephone, a pink shower– everything was pink! What color was the stairs?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vU1veIty83c

Review

RAP

Minerals

Parrot dance

Silicates Non Silicates

COMMON MINERALS IN THE EARTH

• QUARTZ (Silica) SiO2

• CORUNDUM (Alumina) Al2O3

• HEMATITE Fe2O3

• CALCITE CaCO3

• DOLOMITE CaMg(CO3)2

• GYPSUM CaSO4

• FLUORITE CaF2

• PYRITE FeS2

• OLIVINE (Mg,Fe)2SiO4

• PYROXENE (Mg,Fe)SiO3

• AMPHIBOLE (Ca2Mg5)Si8O22(OH)2

• FELDSPARSAlbite NaAlSi3O8

Orthoclase KAlSi3O8

Anorthite CaAl2Si2O8

• KAOLINITE Al2Si2O5(OH)4

Discovery Channel : Salt

Common minerals and their uses