Diptera
Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa
Tabanidae
Classification of Horse fly
Order
Sub-Order
Family
Arthopoda
InsectaClass
Phylum
Sub-FamilyPangoniinae Chrysopsinae Tabaninae Scepsidinae
Chrysops TabanusHaematopota
(Breeze flies, clegs or clags, deer fly, gadflies)
Lecture: Brachycera, Alim, CVASU
Lecture: Brachycera, Alim, CVASU
Tabanus chrysops Haematopota
Scape
Pedicle
Flagellum
Stylus/Flagllomeres/Pseudosegments
Post pedicle
Porrect antenna
Lecture: Brachycera, Alim, CVASU
Fig.: leg of a typical insect
Pulvilli
Empdium
Lecture: Brachycera, Alim, CVASU
Pangonia
Chysops Haematopota
Tabanus
Lecture: Brachycera, Alim, CVASU
General Morphology of Tabanids:
Large, stout-bodied brachycera Head: Large, bean shaped, broader than long Eye: well developed (diurnal)o Wider in Haematopota (cleg)o Brilliantly coloured, spotted (Chrysops) zigzag band (Haematopota),
Unicolorous or horizontally banded (Tabanus), eye color disapper after deatho Sex differentiation: Holoptic (male) and Dicoptic (female)o
Antenna: are porrect, consist of Scape, pedicel and Flagellumo 1st segment of Flagellum greatly Enlarged o Flagellum bears 5 to 8 segments
Mouth part: sucking and lappingo Feed on Nectar (male and female), Female also feed on blood (most species)o Mandible reduced in Pangoniinae (male and female), feed on nectar
Wing: 6-30mm length, well developed wing venationo All most similar wing venation in related Brachyceran family (not diagnostic)o Hexagonal discal cell, located more or less in centreo R4 and R5 vein straddling the apex of the wing
Stout legs end in 3 pads (2 pulvilli and 1 Empodium)
Chrysops = Deer flies, Yellow fly, stout
Lecture: Brachycera, Alim, CVASU
Fig. Mouth part of female tabanid fly
Mouth part of a Tabanid fly and feeding mechanism
Sucking-lapping Mouth partsTabanids :More efficient mechanical vector than other???
Lecture: Brachycera, Alim, CVASU
Pangonia
Chrysops
Haematopota
Tabanus
Differentiation
Ocelli
Poboscis
Segments ofFlagellum
Spurs on leg
Wings
Lecture: Brachycera, Alim, CVASU
Pangonia
Chrysops
Haematopota
Tabanus
Lecture: Brachycera, Alim, CVASU
DifferentiationCriteria Pangonia Chysops Tabanus Haematopota
Subfamily Pangoniinae Chrysopsinae Tabaninae Tabaninae
Ocelli Well developed Well developed Vestigial Vestigial
Poboscis Longer than head shorter than head shorter than head shorter than head
Segments ofFlagellum
7 or 8 5 5 4
Spurs on leg Large, on hind tibiae
Small, on hind tibiae
absent absent
Wings Clear or dusky Dark costal region; Single, broad, transverse dark band
Clear but may be dark or banded
Mottled
Distribution Tropical and subtropical
Holarctic and Oriental
Worldwide Palearctic, Afrotropical, Oriental
Lecture: Brachycera, Alim, CVASU
Life cycle
Obtectate pupa
Lecture: Brachycera, Alim, CVASU
Disease agent Distribution Vectors Transmission
Filarial Nematode
Loa loa (Loiasis)(Calabar swelling) Central Africa Chrysops spp Biological
Elaeophora schneideriElaeophorosis(domestic & wild ruminants)
America, Europe
Tabanus spp Biological
Dirofilaria roemeri(Host: Marsupials)
North America
Tabanus spp Biological
Protozoa
Haemoproteus metchikoci(Host Turtle)
Tabanus spp Biological
Trypanosoma theileri(Host :cattle)
Tabanus spp Biological/Mechanical
Medical and Veterinary importance
Disease agent Distribution Vectors Transmission
VirusEquine Infectious Anaemia
Worldwide Tabanus, Chrysops, Hybomitra spp
Mechanical
Bovine leukemia Worldwide Tabanus spp Mechanical
Hog Cholera Worldwide, Eradicated from North America, Australia, Newzeland, South Africa
Tabanus spp Mechanical
Bacteria
Bacillus anthracis Worldwide Tabaus, Haematopota, Chrysops
Mechanical
Medical and Veterinary importance
Lecture: Brachycera, Alim, CVASU
Medical and Veterinary importance
Disease agent Distribution Vectors Transmission
Protozoa
Trypanosoma evansi(Surra in Camel and Horses)
America, Africa, Asia, India
Tabanus, Haematopota, Chrysops
Mechanical
Trypanosoma vivax America, Africa Tabanus spp Mechanical
Rickettsia
Anaplasma marginale(Anaplasmosis)
Worldwide Tabanus Mechanical
Available species in BangladeshTabanus striatusChrysops dispar
Lecture: Brachycera, Alim, CVASU
Lecture: Brachycera, Alim, CVASU
Prepared by DR. Md. Abdul AlimAssistant Professor
Department of Pathology and Parasitology, CVASUand PhD fellow, James Cook University, Australia
email: [email protected]
References1. D.S., Kettle (2000). Medical and Veterinary Entomology, CAB International,2nd
edi,pp…
2. Gary and Lance, (2009). Medical and Veterinary Entomology. 2nd Edn, Elsevier,
Inc, pp…
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