Goal — The BP Routing Collaboration tool is a web-based .NET application consisting of server-based GIS and modeling components that identify the least cost path optimization for pipeline routing and integrate procedures for Hydraulic, Cost and Economic evaluation of
alternative routes. Primarily for Pre-Appraise, Appraise, & Select (Design, Construct & Operate).
BP Routing Collaboration Tool
• Databases for application and spatial data (GIS).
• Models integrated or stand alone for generating pipeline routes and evaluation of hydraulic, cost and economic factors.
Components — The application consists of three major components:
• Web Environment for user access/security, viewing existing project data and simulations, generating new simulations, storage of results and database maintenance.
Progress report 2004
Application Process Flow
Normal UserUser AdminProject AdminModel AdminData Admin
Interface/SecurityR, H, C, E ModelsModel Parameters
Map Data_________________________
Simulations
Database
Web-based
CostModel
Segment:
Terrain factorClimateLand UseSlopeReinstatementGroundwaterEnvironmentCrossingsGeo-hazards
User Input
HydraulicModel
Factor Maps
GIS-derivedInput Data
Segment:
ElevationSlope lengthTerrain factor
User Input
EconomicModel
User Input
RoutingModel
Route/Corridor
Global Map Level
Database Elements
Administrative Data (Oracle)
• Tabular data specifying user profiles, security setting, etc.
Non-Spatial Model Data (Oracle)
• Tabular Input and Tabular/Graphic Output data for the Hydraulic, Cost and Economic Models
Spatial Data (Arc SDE)
• Background/Navigational maps for reference (vector)
• Routing Model maps of selection criteria (raster)
• Global Maps (1km)— 8 layers including exclusion and preference layers (online)
• Regional Maps (30-90m)— 22 layers including exclusion and preference Layers (project specific)
• Local Maps (<30m)— custom set of additional high resolution map layers as appropriate for final siting and engineering design
• GIS-derived data for input to the Hydraulic and Cost Models Regional Map Level
BP Routing Model Criteria Maps (Regional)
Land Cover (1)Sensitive Areas (7)
Environmental
Wt. AverageEnvironmental
Population Density (9)Population Proximity (4)Environmental HCA (9)HCA Proximity (1)
Consequences
Wt. AverageConsequences
Land Use (1)Ground Type (6)Infrastructure (3)Major Crossings (5)Terrain Slope (8)Construction Period (7)Restoration Costs (3)
Construction
Wt. AverageConstructionRegional Security (8)
Geo-hazards (9)Third party (5)Construction Hazards (1)
Hazards
Wt. AverageHazards
Wt. AverageALL CRITERIA
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
CombinedEXCLUSIONS
Exclusions Physical BarriersMaximum SlopesSecurity ConflictsProtected AreasCity CentersUnstable Areas
Discrete Cost Surface
Can’t go there…
Avoid if possible…
Routing Model
Excluded Areas
Routing Criteria: Environmental Factors Construction Concerns Hazards to Avoid Consequences
Overall Avoidance
Step 1 generating the Discrete Cost Surface is the most critical step
Project Selection (BP-Pipe)
Upon logging-in, users are presented with a listing of existing projects they are authorized to view. Selecting a project enables them to interact with existing project simulations they or others have created, or generate new
project simulations to identify new alternative routes or to specify different evaluation model assumptions.
Setting-up a Route Simulation (Project Area)
Using the Global database, the user selects a new Project Area, identifies beginning/end points…
Fort Collins
San Diego
Discrete Cost Surface (slope)
…and criteria layers and weights to be used (only terrain slope in this example)
Discrete Cost Surface
Setting-up a Route Simulation (user input interface)
1) Enter route simulation name and comments
2) Identify criteria layers and weights to be used for the simulation
3) Identify Begin and End points that will define the route
…the simulation parameters are written to a queue to be processed as hardware and software resources come available (about 3 to 5 minutes for a “typical” routing simulation)
Route Simulation ResultsThe simulation is queued for processing then displayed as the Optimal
Route (blue line) and 1% Optimal Corridor (cross-hatched)
1% Corridor
Fort Collins
San DiegoOptimal
Path
4% Corridor
FC
SD
Route Segmentation (Hydraulic Model Input)
Uniform Length Segmentation
Elevation
Terrain-based Segmentation
…based on elevation profile such that segments are dependent on terrain
inflection points
S1S2
S3S4
S5
S6 S7S8
S9S10
S11S12
S13 S14 S15S16
…based on planimetric distance such that segments
are all the same length
# SegmentsLengthS1
S2
S3
S4S5
S6S7
S8
S9
S10S11
S12
S13
S14
S15
S16
S17
S18S19
S20
Hydraulic Model Input
Elevation profileSegment slope
Soil/Slope Terrain factor
Hydraulic Input Table
Natural gas tool recommends optimal combination of pipe diameter, MAOP, & compressor station size/spacing to deliver the most cost effective solution.
Liquid tool calculates optimum combinations of pipe diameter, design pressure, pumping requirements, & pressure reduction stations to find the solution for minimum cost.
Hydraulic Model (Excel)
Output
Input
Input Specifications
Routing Variables
Route Segmentation (Cost Model Input)
AB
A & B
UniversalConditions
Cost Model Input
Design Factor, Land Use, Ground Water, Geo-hazards, etc.
Cost Input Table
…intersecting the route with the “universal conditions” map divides the
route into segments having constant conditions throughout their lengths.
VariableLength
SegmentsS1
S2S3
S4
S5S6
S7
S8S9
S10
S11
B
B
A
AA
A
ADesign FactorLand Use
Ground WaterGeo-hazardsClimate
Conditions-based Segmentation
Tool estimates material, construction, & overhead costs for onshore pipelines & associated facilities
The basis of the tool is a calculation algorithm which uses cost factors (or cost increments) based upon the inputs
Factored cost elements are then re-compiled into an overall cost estimate – which reflects the combined impact of the input pipeline characteristics
Cost Model (Excel)
Output
InputPipeline Name
& Length
General Size& Location Data
Line Pipe Material& Costing
Data
Product Characteristics& Wall Thickness Data
Economic Model (Excel)
The Economic Model is used to calculate project economic parameters to assess the commercial viability of the project. Output parameters include NPV, IRR, & Tariff.
Application Processing Flow (Summary)
Processing Flow
(1) User Environment – login and
select project (User, Projects, Data and Model Administer access)
(2) Project Simulations – view
previous results and enter specification for new simulations
(3) Databases – application
automatically accesses appropriate parameters and spatial data
(4) Routing Criteria – map layers at
the appropriate analysis level are weighted
(5) Routing Model – routing model
derives the optimal route and corridor
(6) Route Segmentation –
proposed route is divided into segments for calculating Hydraulic and Cost model input parameters
(7) Hydraulic Model – route is
segmented, GIS data derived, user input specified then results generated
(8) Cost Model – route is
segmented, GIS data derived, Hydraulic Model results and user input specified input then results generated
(9) Economic Model – Cost Model
results and user input specified then results generated
GenerateRoute
Evaluate RouteG
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Similarities and Differences
…the BP application is unique in how it directly involves stakeholders in the simulation of potential routes within a web environment and the full integration of GIS and Excel decision support models (technological emphasis)
…the GTC application is unique in how it directly involves stakeholders in the calibration and weighting map criteria layers and establishes a procedure that is objective, quantitative, predictable, consistent, and defensible (social emphasis)
…so what is the take-home for GIS students and professionals?
Both the GTC and the BP applications utilize well established Routing and Optimal Path techniques to determine the best route for a linear feature…
Electric Transmission Line Oil & Gas Pipeline
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