Bond TypesBond Types
Bond Types:At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:
1. Identify 5 different bond types2. Explain each bond type3. List 3 differences between a polar
covalent and non-polar covalent bond
What is a bond?What is a bond?
Electrical attraction between Electrical attraction between nucleus of one atom and valence nucleus of one atom and valence electrons of a different atomelectrons of a different atom
Ionic BondsIonic Bonds
TransferTransfer of electrons from of electrons from the the metalmetal (cation) to the (cation) to the nonmetalnonmetal (anion). (anion).
Electrical attraction Electrical attraction between large numbers of between large numbers of cations and anionscations and anions
Ion =Ion = a charged particle a charged particle
CationCation
Cation = + charged particleCation = + charged particle–Loves to give electrons Loves to give electrons awayaway
–Low Ionization Energy, Low Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity & Electron Affinity & ElectronegativityElectronegativity
–Typically are metalsTypically are metals
Ionic Bonds (cont.)Ionic Bonds (cont.)
Anion = - charged particleAnion = - charged particle–Loves to accept electronsLoves to accept electrons–High Ionization Energy, High Ionization Energy, Electron Affinity & Electron Affinity & ElectronegativityElectronegativity
–Typically are nonmetalsTypically are nonmetals
Ionic Bonds (cont.)Ionic Bonds (cont.)
Ionic Compounds are polar Ionic bonds fall apart (dissociate) fall apart (dissociate)
in water in water – Fall apart into cations and anionsFall apart into cations and anions – Will conduct electricityWill conduct electricity
Electronegativity difference 1.8-4Electronegativity difference 1.8-4
Max value is 4 (Fluorine)Max value is 4 (Fluorine)
Ionic Bonds (cont.)Ionic Bonds (cont.)
Covalent BondsCovalent Bonds
Formed when 2 Formed when 2 nonmetalnonmetal atoms atoms shareshare electronselectrons
PolarPolar Covalent Bonds Covalent Bonds
UnequalUnequal sharing of electronssharing of electrons
Polar Covalent BondsPolar Covalent Bonds
Electrons attracted more to the atom with the higher electronegativityEN difference range >0.3 – 1.7 Polar Covalent Bonds
dissolve in waterDon’t fall apart into ionsNo conductivity
Non-polarNon-polar Covalent Bonds Covalent Bonds
Equal sharing of electrons
EN difference is (0 – 0.3)
Non-polar Covalent BondsNon-polar Covalent Bonds
Usually found between diatomic molecules – two of the same atoms
Non-polar covalent bonds don’t dissolve in water and no conductivity.
Can be a solid, liquid or gas
Metallic BondsMetallic Bonds
Bond formed between Bond formed between metalmetal atoms. atoms. Larger outer electron shells-which Larger outer electron shells-which
overlapoverlap Electrons are free to move within Electrons are free to move within
electron clouds of all metal ions = electron clouds of all metal ions =
Sea of ElectronsSea of Electrons Electrons are Electrons are delocalizeddelocalized – they don – they don’’t t
belong to any one atom anymore. belong to any one atom anymore.
Metallic BondsMetallic Bonds
Bond Types:At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:
1. Identify 2 intermolecular bond types2. Explain each bond type
Hydrogen BondsHydrogen Bonds
IntermolecularIntermolecular bond bond – attraction – attraction between 2 different moleculesbetween 2 different molecules
The The hydrogen atom hydrogen atom that is bonded to that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is a highly electronegative atom is attracted to the unshared pair of electrons on another electronegative atom in a different molecule
H is usually bonded to F, O, or N in a molecule and attracted to F, O, or N in a different molecule
This is a weak bond
Hydrogen Bond Example:Hydrogen Bond Example:
Van der Waals BondsVan der Waals Bonds
These bonds can contain These bonds can contain Noble Noble GasesGases
Very Very weakweak bonds bonds Electrons of Electrons of largelarge Noble Gases get Noble Gases get
shifted to one side because of the shifted to one side because of the constant movement of electronsconstant movement of electrons
This causes it to attract a slightly This causes it to attract a slightly positive atom that is nearby.positive atom that is nearby.
Van der Waals Bond Example:Van der Waals Bond Example:
What type of bond contains an active metal (far left) and a
nonmetal?
1. 2. 3. 4.
25% 25%25%25%
1.1. metallicmetallic
2.2. covalentcovalent
3.3. ionicionic
4.4. hydrogenhydrogen
What type of bond contains a nonmetal bonded with a nonmetal?
1. 2. 3. 4.
25% 25%25%25%
1. metallic2. covalent3. ionic4. hydrogen
What type of bond would form the alloy, pewter, with tin and lead?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
20% 20% 20%20%20%
1.1. metallicmetallic
2.2. covalentcovalent
3.3. ionicionic
4.4. hydrogenhydrogen
5.5. Vander der WallsVander der Walls
What type of bond would form when What type of bond would form when a hydrogen atom in the molecule is a hydrogen atom in the molecule is
attracted to the unshared pair of attracted to the unshared pair of electrons on another molecule?electrons on another molecule?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
20% 20% 20%20%20%
1.1. metallicmetallic
2.2. covalentcovalent
3.3. ionicionic
4.4. hydrogenhydrogen
5.5. Vander der WaalsVander der Waals
N2 is an example of a(n) ___ bond?
1. 2. 3. 4.
25% 25%25%25%
1.1. metallicmetallic
2.2. polar covalentpolar covalent
3.3. ionicionic
4.4. nonpolar nonpolar covalentcovalent
N3- is a(n)?
1. 2. 3. 4.
25% 25%25%25%
1. anion2. cation3. diatomic molecule4. polyatomic ion
Na+ is a(n)?
1. 2. 3. 4.
25% 25%25%25%
1. anion2. cation3. diatomic molecule4. polyatomic ion
CsCl is an example of a(n) ___ bond?
1. 2. 3. 4.
25% 25%25%25%
1.1. metallicmetallic
2.2. polar covalentpolar covalent
3.3. ionicionic
4.4. nonpolar nonpolar covalentcovalent
Fe with Cr is an example of a(n) ___ bond?
1. 2. 3. 4.
25% 25%25%25%
1.1. metallicmetallic
2.2. polar covalentpolar covalent
3.3. ionicionic
4.4. nonpolar nonpolar covalentcovalent
H2O is an example of a(n) ___ bond?
1. 2. 3. 4.
25% 25%25%25%
1.1. metallicmetallic
2.2. polar covalentpolar covalent
3.3. ionicionic
4.4. nonpolar nonpolar covalentcovalent
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