This project is financed by the European Union
A project implemented by the consortium of: WS Atkins International (lead), Pescares Italia Srl., GIZ, SML.
The European Union and Neighbours ENI – The European Neighbourhood Instrument
Blue economy and environmental objectives/policies
How to manage human activities in order to limit impacts to acceptable level for the
marine environment?
This project is financed by the European Union 2
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
• Socio-economic policies (e.g. BE) and environmental policies should be consistent at all levels
• Environmental policies
- use a mix of approaches - define an « acceptable level » of impact on the environment Ø « Good Environmental Status » Ø Obviously different depending on areas
– Areas of particular interest (ecosystems, habitats…): Marine Protected Areas
• Regulate human activities:
Ø Individually Ø Collectively Ø According to areas
Policy approach
This project is financed by the European Union 3
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
Assessment of maritime activities
3
Potential for Future Development
Employment, added value
Expected evolutions
Innovations
Pic
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ams
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ounp
roje
ct
Activity
Perform Functions
Provide Jobs &
Added Value
Must be Sustainable
Current Status
International, regional and national trends
Maturity
Relation to maritime capital
Value Chain
Synergies
This project is financed by the European Union 4
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
Limit negative impacts of activities on the marine environment. Several aspects:
• Impacts of land-based activities (main impacts on marine environment) Ø Still major overall impact on marine environment, e.g. by agriculture Ø Addressed (or should be addressed) through relevant policies/regulations (e.g.
River Basin Management) • Individual impact of maritime activities
Ø Addressed through sectoral regulations – e.g. emissions, quotas…
Ø Assessed through – EIA Environmental Impact Assessment (projects) – SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment (plans, programmes)
• Cumulative impacts (all activities) Ø « integrated » objective : achieving Good Environmental Status
Environmental objectives in IMP/BE
This project is financed by the European Union 5
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
Limit negative impacts of activities on the marine environment. Several aspects:
• Impacts of land-based activities Ø Still major overall impact on marine environment, e.g. by agriculture Ø Addressed (or should be addressed) through relevant policies/regulations (e.g.
River Basin Management)
• Impacts of sea-based activities like marine litter (30% sea-based), overfishing..
Environmental objectives in IMP/BE
This project is financed by the European Union 6
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
Overfishing
This project is financed by the European Union 7
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
Overfishing
This project is financed by the European Union 8
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
Overfishing
This project is financed by the European Union 9
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
Climate Change
This project is financed by the European Union 10
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
Coral reef degradation
This project is financed by the European Union 11
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
Some approaches to conserve marine environment
Typical approaches
This project is financed by the European Union 12
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
The main integrated objective of environmental policies is to achieve GES • EU: MSFD • MED (Barcelona Convention UNEP/MAP): EcAp
Achieving Good Environmental Status
The environmental status of marine waters where these provide ecologically diverse and dynamic oceans and seas which are clean, healthy and productive
EU (MSFD)
GES definition
11 GES descriptors
A healthy Mediterranean with marine and coastal ecosystems that are productive and biologically diverse for the benefit of present and future generations
UNEP/MAP (EcAp)
Vision
11 Ecological Objectives (EO)
This project is financed by the European Union 13
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
The MSFD is the environmental pillar of the EU IMP The MSFD establishes an integrated approach to maritime activities needed for the IMP
• Based on coordinated actions of all EU Member States • Which must develop marine strategies implemented through ecosystem
based management • ..and national Programme of Measures (PoMs), includig spatial protection
measures, MPAs, socio-economic and communication measures • Reporting where targets cannot be achieved by 2020 -> EIONET Reporting
obligations database (ROD) The MSFD is implemented through all IMP instruments
• Including Blue Economy instruments… • E.g. MSP, SEA, etc.
The EU MSFD in a nutshell (1)
This project is financed by the European Union 14
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
The EU MSFD in a nutshell (2)
A set of descriptors GES defined for each one
« Cyclic » implementation
This project is financed by the European Union 15
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
Other environmental policies: Ecosytem Approach
Ecosystem Approach
Ecosystem-based Management
Marine Spatial Planning
IUCN, 2004 UNEP, 2011 UNESCO/IOC 2009
This project is financed by the European Union 16
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
The EcAp is • the guiding principle to the Mediterranean Action Programme
(MAP) of Work and • all policy implementation and development undertaken under
the auspices of UNEP/MAP Barcelona Convention, with the ultimate objective of achieving the Good Environmental Status (GES) of the Mediterranean Sea and Coast
• 11 objectives like: 1. Biodiversity is maintained or enhanced 2. Non-indigenous species do not adversely alter the ecosystem. 3. Populations of commercially exploited fish and shellfish are within biologically safe limits.
Mediterranean: UNEP/MAP Ecosystem Approach
This project is financed by the European Union 17
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
Other environmental policies: EAFM
This project is financed by the European Union 18
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
• Rights based on three main critieria 1. Sustainability of the resource 2. Economic efficiency 3. Equitable distribution among users
• Ensure adequate knowledge of fish stocks and ecosystem before rights are allocated
• Rights are subject to reduction through adaptive and precautionary management regime
Other environmental policies: Fishing Rights Regimes
This project is financed by the European Union 19
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
• Six IUCN Protected Areas Categories • One of the most tangible tools to ecosystem-level conservation to date • Short-term costs of MPAs to Fishing can be offset by other, long-term
benefits to society • Support of stock management including
- Protection of specific life stages (e.g. nursery grounds) - Protection of critical functions (feeding grounds, spawning grounds) - Spillover of mature adults - Seed bank for larvae dispersal - Increase of biomass - Improved socio-economic outcomes to local communities
Other environmental policies: MPAs
This project is financed by the European Union 20
Facility for Regional Policy Dialogue on Integrated Maritime Policy / Climate Change
Difference between EIA and SEA
Environmental assessment: SEA and EIA
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