8/14/2019 Biotechnology in Agriculture Development by KS Manjunath
1/15
BiotechnologyBiotechnology
inin
Agriculture DevelopmentAgriculture Development
MANJUNATHA K. SMA
NJUNATHA K. SLecturer in BiotechnologyLecturer in Biotechnology
Sir M. V. Govt. Science CollegeSir M. V. Govt. Science College
BHADRAVATHIBHADRAVATHI
8/14/2019 Biotechnology in Agriculture Development by KS Manjunath
2/15
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
India is predominantly an agricultureIndia is predominantly an agriculture
based countrybased country
Agriculture accounts for a greater share inAgriculture accounts for a greater share inthe Indian economythe Indian economy
Agricultural science involves the use ofAgricultural science involves the use of
both plant and animal speciesboth plant and animal species
Improving plant and animal breeds,Improving plant and animal breeds,
improving productivity and getting moreimproving productivity and getting more
ield is the oalield is the oal
8/14/2019 Biotechnology in Agriculture Development by KS Manjunath
3/15
Biotechnology Application of variousBiotechnology Application of various
modern technologies in biological studiesmodern technologies in biological studies In broad sense, Biotechnology has twoIn broad sense, Biotechnology has two
impacts on agriculture development:impacts on agriculture development:
Disease-resistant and other such newDisease-resistant and other such new
varieties could be developed; the time forvarieties could be developed; the time for
generating and evaluating new varietiesgenerating and evaluating new varieties
could be reducedcould be reduced
Agricultural wastes and byproducts couldAgricultural wastes and byproducts could
be used as raw materials for manybe used as raw materials for many
8/14/2019 Biotechnology in Agriculture Development by KS Manjunath
4/15
Impact of Biotechnology onImpact of Biotechnology on
AgricultureAgriculture1.1. Developing and introducing high yieldingDeveloping and introducing high yielding
varieties: The gene responsible isvarieties: The gene responsible is
introduced or made to express moreintroduced or made to express more
2.2. Developing Disease-resistant varieties:Developing Disease-resistant varieties:The gene for resistance is identified andThe gene for resistance is identified and
made to express moremade to express more If there is no such gene, it is artificiallyIf there is no such gene, it is artificially
introduced so that the host acquiresintroduced so that the host acquiresresistanceresistance
Or the gene for the production of toxinOr the gene for the production of toxin
against pest/pathogen could be inserted intoagainst pest/pathogen could be inserted into
the plant so that the plant itself produces thethe plant so that the plant itself produces the
8/14/2019 Biotechnology in Agriculture Development by KS Manjunath
5/15
1.1. Biofertilizers: Formulations of livingBiofertilizers: Formulations of living
microorganisms which are able to fixmicroorganisms which are able to fix
atmospheric nitrogen in the suitableatmospheric nitrogen in the suitable
form for plants either by living freely inform for plants either by living freely inthe soil or associated symbiotically withthe soil or associated symbiotically with
plantsplants
Eg:Eg: Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Azotobacter,Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Azotobacter,
Mycobacterium, Rhodomicrobium,Mycobacterium, Rhodomicrobium,
MycorrhizaMycorrhiza
8/14/2019 Biotechnology in Agriculture Development by KS Manjunath
6/15
Advantages ofAdvantages of
BiofertilizersBiofertilizers Less energy consumption compared to theLess energy consumption compared to the
chemical fertilizerschemical fertilizers
Non-polluting; eco-friendlyNon-polluting; eco-friendly
Low cost; easy technique; can be opted byLow cost; easy technique; can be opted bysmall farmerssmall farmers
Soil fertility increasesSoil fertility increases
10-30% of the total nitrogen fixed by10-30% of the total nitrogen fixed bysymbiotic fixer will be added to the soil;symbiotic fixer will be added to the soil;
used by other plantsused by other plants
Secrete growth promotersSecrete growth promoters
8/14/2019 Biotechnology in Agriculture Development by KS Manjunath
7/15
Also secrete antibiotic - like substancesAlso secrete antibiotic - like substances
which prevent the attack of otherwhich prevent the attack of other
microorganismsmicroorganisms
Phosphor intake is considerably increasedPhosphor intake is considerably increased
Eg: VAM BiofertilizerEg: VAM Biofertilizer
Stress tolerance of plant increasesStress tolerance of plant increases
Absorptive area of roots increases andAbsorptive area of roots increases and
8/14/2019 Biotechnology in Agriculture Development by KS Manjunath
8/15
1.1.
Biological Control: It refers to the processBiological Control: It refers to the process
of controlling or inhibiting the populationof controlling or inhibiting the population
of an organism by another organismof an organism by another organism
Biotechnology uses this concept wherein theBiotechnology uses this concept wherein the
natural enemies of a pest/pathogen arenatural enemies of a pest/pathogen are
identified, suitably modified if required andidentified, suitably modified if required and
introduced resulting in the control of disease.introduced resulting in the control of disease.
Eg: Bt Cotton, Bt TobaccoEg: Bt Cotton, Bt Tobacco
The usage of chemical pesticides, weedicidesThe usage of chemical pesticides, weedicides
gets reducedgets reduced
8/14/2019 Biotechnology in Agriculture Development by KS Manjunath
9/15
Bt CottonBt Cotton
Bacillus thuringiensisBacillus thuringiensis, a wide spread, a wide spread
bacterium, produces several toxins withbacterium, produces several toxins with
insecticidal properties againstinsecticidal properties against
lepidopteran larvalepidopteran larva
The bacterial genes for the insecticidalThe bacterial genes for the insecticidalproperty are introduced into theproperty are introduced into the
susceptible host plantsusceptible host plant
8/14/2019 Biotechnology in Agriculture Development by KS Manjunath
10/15
1.1. Cell Culture/Tissue Culture: wonderfulCell Culture/Tissue Culture: wonderful
science wherein an organ, or a tissue orscience wherein an organ, or a tissue oreven a plant can be developed from aeven a plant can be developed from a
single cell or a mass of cells :single cell or a mass of cells :
The time required for the regeneration ofThe time required for the regeneration ofplant gets considerably reducedplant gets considerably reduced
More number of plants from a single parentMore number of plants from a single parent
Nearly extinct plants, plants confined to aNearly extinct plants, plants confined to a
particular area can be grown in the labparticular area can be grown in the lab
Facilitates extensive plant researchFacilitates extensive plant research
Genetic manipulations could be done to getGenetic manipulations could be done to get
the desired qualitiesthe desired qualities
8/14/2019 Biotechnology in Agriculture Development by KS Manjunath
11/15
1.1.
Animal Breeding: It is the application ofAnimal Breeding: It is the application ofGenetics and Physiological Science ofGenetics and Physiological Science of
Reproduction for the animalReproduction for the animal
improvementimprovement Aim is to obtain genetically improved,Aim is to obtain genetically improved,
efficient livestock. Desired traits could beefficient livestock. Desired traits could be
made to express moremade to express more
Necessary in India since the country isNecessary in India since the country is
endowed with large genetic pool of domesticendowed with large genetic pool of domestic
livestock specieslivestock species
8/14/2019 Biotechnology in Agriculture Development by KS Manjunath
12/15
Few Other Benefits ofFew Other Benefits of
BiotechnologyBiotechnology
The level of nutrition supplied by plants isThe level of nutrition supplied by plants is
dependent on their ability to trap solardependent on their ability to trap solar
energy. This ability of a plant is beingenergy. This ability of a plant is being
improvedimproved
Preservation of agricultural products for a longPreservation of agricultural products for a long
timetime
Genetically altered plants (Transgenic plants)Genetically altered plants (Transgenic plants)
are used as bioreactors for getting variousare used as bioreactors for getting various
commercially valuable productscommercially valuable products
Bioremediation and many more such microbialBioremediation and many more such microbial
8/14/2019 Biotechnology in Agriculture Development by KS Manjunath
13/15
Industrial Biotechnology utilizesIndustrial Biotechnology utilizes
agricultural wastes and byproducts for theagricultural wastes and byproducts for the
production of various commerciallyproduction of various commercially
important productsimportant products
Hypovirulence-Biotechnological process ofHypovirulence-Biotechnological process of
decreasing/reducing the virulencedecreasing/reducing the virulence
(infecting ability) of a pathogen(infecting ability) of a pathogen
Biocontrol agents likeBiocontrol agents like SuicidalSuicidal
baculoviruses have been developed whichbaculoviruses have been developed which
gets self destroyed after infecting andgets self destroyed after infecting and
killing the insect pestskilling the insect pests
8/14/2019 Biotechnology in Agriculture Development by KS Manjunath
14/15
The list keepsThe list keeps
growinggrowing
8/14/2019 Biotechnology in Agriculture Development by KS Manjunath
15/15
Top Related