Biomes
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a large scale ecosystem with similar plants, animals, soil and climate
biome
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Six major biomes• Taiga • Deciduous forest• Tropical rain forest• Desert• Tundra• Grassland
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Tundra
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TundraLocation: northern North America, northern Europe, northern Asia
Monday, March 25, 13
TundraLocation: northern North America, northern Europe, northern Asia
Climate: Cold, ground stays covered in snow, permafrost – permanent frozen layer of ground, scarce rainfall, very short summer
Monday, March 25, 13
TundraLocation: northern North America, northern Europe, northern Asia
Climate: Cold, ground stays covered in snow, permafrost – permanent frozen layer of ground, scarce rainfall, very short summer
Plants: mosses, lichens, small plants that do need a lot of water
Monday, March 25, 13
TundraLocation: northern North America, northern Europe, northern Asia
Climate: Cold, ground stays covered in snow, permafrost – permanent frozen layer of ground, scarce rainfall, very short summer
Plants: mosses, lichens, small plants that do need a lot of water
Animals: caribou, migrating birds (come for the short summer)
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Tundra Abiotic Factors
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Tundra Abiotic Factors• <25 in/year
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Tundra Abiotic Factors• <25 in/year• Temp rarely higher than 100C
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Tundra Abiotic Factors• <25 in/year• Temp rarely higher than 100C• Permafrost layer
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Tundra Abiotic Factors• <25 in/year• Temp rarely higher than 100C• Permafrost layer• Short growing season
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Tundra Abiotic Factors• <25 in/year• Temp rarely higher than 100C• Permafrost layer• Short growing season
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Monday, March 25, 13
Tundra Plant Adaptations
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Tundra Plant Adaptations•Growing close to the ground
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Tundra Plant Adaptations•Growing close to the ground•Having shallow roots to absorb the limited water resources.
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Tundra Plant Adaptations•Growing close to the ground•Having shallow roots to absorb the limited water resources.•Trees grow less than 1 m high!
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Tundra Animal Adaptations
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Many visitors, migration
Tundra Animal Adaptations
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Many visitors, migrationFew predators
Tundra Animal Adaptations
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Many visitors, migrationFew predatorsLittle Competition
Small earsInsulation, thick
coat
Tundra Animal Adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
Many visitors, migrationFew predatorsLittle Competition
Small earsInsulation, thick
coat
Tundra Animal Adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
Many visitors, migrationFew predatorsLittle Competition
Small earsInsulation, thick
coat
Tundra Animal Adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
Taiga
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TaigaLocation: Canada, Washington (State), Russia, China- Found only in Northern Hemisphere
Monday, March 25, 13
TaigaLocation: Canada, Washington (State), Russia, China- Found only in Northern Hemisphere
Climate: long cold Winters, short Summers, frequent Rain
Monday, March 25, 13
TaigaLocation: Canada, Washington (State), Russia, China- Found only in Northern Hemisphere
Climate: long cold Winters, short Summers, frequent Rain
Plants: Evergreens (think Christmas Trees), Pines, Spruces, Cedars
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TaigaLocation: Canada, Washington (State), Russia, China- Found only in Northern Hemisphere
Climate: long cold Winters, short Summers, frequent Rain
Plants: Evergreens (think Christmas Trees), Pines, Spruces, Cedars
Animals: Moose, Bear, Lynx, Hibernating Animals, Migrating Animals
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Monday, March 25, 13
Abiotic factorsWinters are long and cold
Averages 100 in/yr precipitation—mostly snow
Soil poor in nutrients and very acidic
Growing season is very short
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Plant adaptations
Animal AdaptationsAdapt for cold winters
Burrow, hibernate, warm coat, insulation, etc.
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Plant adaptations
Coniferous (needle-bearing) trees are abundant
Animal AdaptationsAdapt for cold winters
Burrow, hibernate, warm coat, insulation, etc.
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Plant adaptations
Coniferous (needle-bearing) trees are abundant
Roots long to anchor trees
Animal AdaptationsAdapt for cold winters
Burrow, hibernate, warm coat, insulation, etc.
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Plant adaptations
Coniferous (needle-bearing) trees are abundant
Roots long to anchor trees
Needles long, thin and waxy
Animal AdaptationsAdapt for cold winters
Burrow, hibernate, warm coat, insulation, etc.
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Plant adaptations
Coniferous (needle-bearing) trees are abundant
Roots long to anchor trees
Needles long, thin and waxy
Low sunlight and poor soil keeps plants from growing on forest
Animal AdaptationsAdapt for cold winters
Burrow, hibernate, warm coat, insulation, etc.
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Tropical Rain Forest
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Tropical Rain ForestLocation: near the Equator, Africa, & South America
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Tropical Rain ForestLocation: near the Equator, Africa, & South America
Climate: Hot and Humid, rains everyday
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Tropical Rain ForestLocation: near the Equator, Africa, & South America
Climate: Hot and Humid, rains everyday
Plants: Jungle (think Tarzan), very tall trees, thick vegetation on the ground, dense canopy
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Tropical Rain ForestLocation: near the Equator, Africa, & South America
Climate: Hot and Humid, rains everyday
Plants: Jungle (think Tarzan), very tall trees, thick vegetation on the ground, dense canopy
Animals: parrots, Apes, Toucans, Monkeys, Leopards, other predatory Cats, Snakes
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Earth's most complex land
biomeMonday, March 25, 13
Earth's most complex land
biome
Abiotic factors
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Earth's most complex land
biome
Abiotic factors
high biodiversity and biomass
Monday, March 25, 13
Earth's most complex land
biome
Abiotic factors
high biodiversity and biomass
both hot and moist;
Monday, March 25, 13
Earth's most complex land
biome
Abiotic factors
high biodiversity and biomass
both hot and moist;
ideal for bacteria and other microorganisms; they quickly decompose matter on the forest floor allowing nutrients to be recycled.
Monday, March 25, 13
Earth's most complex land
biome
Abiotic factors
high biodiversity and biomass
both hot and moist;
ideal for bacteria and other microorganisms; they quickly decompose matter on the forest floor allowing nutrients to be recycled.
<1 cm of topsoil
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Earth's most complex land
biome
Abiotic factors
high biodiversity and biomass
both hot and moist;
ideal for bacteria and other microorganisms; they quickly decompose matter on the forest floor allowing nutrients to be recycled.
<1 cm of topsoil
About 100 in/yr of rainfall
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Plant adaptations
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Plant adaptations
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Sunlight is a major limiting factor
Plant adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
Sunlight is a major limiting factor
Plant adaptations
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Sunlight is a major limiting factor
Plants grow in layers (canopy receives most light)
Plant adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
Sunlight is a major limiting factor
Plants grow in layers (canopy receives most light)
Plant adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
Sunlight is a major limiting factor
Plants grow in layers (canopy receives most light)
Shallow, wide roots since soil is so thin and poor in nutrients
Plant adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
Sunlight is a major limiting factor
Plants grow in layers (canopy receives most light)
Shallow, wide roots since soil is so thin and poor in nutrients
Plant adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
Sunlight is a major limiting factor
Plants grow in layers (canopy receives most light)
Shallow, wide roots since soil is so thin and poor in nutrients
Little sun reaches the floor
Plant adaptations
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Monday, March 25, 13
Animal AdaptationsMany animals are specialists and require special habitat components to survive
Camouflage is common
Many symbiotic relationships
Live in different levels of canopy
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Deciduous Forest
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Deciduous ForestLocation: eastern United States (think about where we live), most of Europe, Australia
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Deciduous ForestLocation: eastern United States (think about where we live), most of Europe, Australia
Climate: hot Summers, cold Winters, Rainfall throughout the year
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Deciduous ForestLocation: eastern United States (think about where we live), most of Europe, Australia
Climate: hot Summers, cold Winters, Rainfall throughout the year
Plants: Trees that lose their leaves, Maples, Oaks, Hickories, Sycamores, Willows
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Deciduous ForestLocation: eastern United States (think about where we live), most of Europe, Australia
Climate: hot Summers, cold Winters, Rainfall throughout the year
Plants: Trees that lose their leaves, Maples, Oaks, Hickories, Sycamores, Willows
Animals: Bears, Foxes, Raccoons, Deer, Squirrels, Birds
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Abiotic Factors Plant adaptations
Animal Adaptations
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Characterized by an abundance of deciduous (leaf bearing) trees
Characterized by 4 seasons
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in nutrients
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.)
Abiotic Factors Plant adaptations
Animal Adaptations
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Characterized by an abundance of deciduous (leaf bearing) trees
Characterized by 4 seasons
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in nutrients
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.)
Abiotic Factors Plant adaptationsDeciduous forests grow in layers
Animal Adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
Characterized by an abundance of deciduous (leaf bearing) trees
Characterized by 4 seasons
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in nutrients
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.)
Abiotic Factors Plant adaptationsDeciduous forests grow in layers
More sunlight reaches the ground compared to a rainforest so you will find more ground dwelling plants.
Animal Adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
Characterized by an abundance of deciduous (leaf bearing) trees
Characterized by 4 seasons
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in nutrients
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.)
Abiotic Factors Plant adaptationsDeciduous forests grow in layers
More sunlight reaches the ground compared to a rainforest so you will find more ground dwelling plants.
More diversity in the deciduous forest vs. the coniferous forest due to increased sunlight.
Animal Adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
Characterized by an abundance of deciduous (leaf bearing) trees
Characterized by 4 seasons
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in nutrients
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.)
Abiotic Factors Plant adaptationsDeciduous forests grow in layers
More sunlight reaches the ground compared to a rainforest so you will find more ground dwelling plants.
More diversity in the deciduous forest vs. the coniferous forest due to increased sunlight.
Trees adapt to varied climate by becoming dormant in winter
Animal Adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
Characterized by an abundance of deciduous (leaf bearing) trees
Characterized by 4 seasons
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in nutrients
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.)
Abiotic Factors Plant adaptationsDeciduous forests grow in layers
More sunlight reaches the ground compared to a rainforest so you will find more ground dwelling plants.
More diversity in the deciduous forest vs. the coniferous forest due to increased sunlight.
Trees adapt to varied climate by becoming dormant in winter
Lose Winter Coat
Animal Adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
Characterized by an abundance of deciduous (leaf bearing) trees
Characterized by 4 seasons
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in nutrients
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.)
Abiotic Factors Plant adaptationsDeciduous forests grow in layers
More sunlight reaches the ground compared to a rainforest so you will find more ground dwelling plants.
More diversity in the deciduous forest vs. the coniferous forest due to increased sunlight.
Trees adapt to varied climate by becoming dormant in winter
Lose Winter Coat
Adapt to many seasons
Animal Adaptations
Monday, March 25, 13
Characterized by an abundance of deciduous (leaf bearing) trees
Characterized by 4 seasons
Soils: Deep soil layers, rich in nutrients
Precipitation: 30–100 in/yr in all forms (snow, rain, hail, fog, etc.)
Abiotic Factors Plant adaptationsDeciduous forests grow in layers
More sunlight reaches the ground compared to a rainforest so you will find more ground dwelling plants.
More diversity in the deciduous forest vs. the coniferous forest due to increased sunlight.
Trees adapt to varied climate by becoming dormant in winter
Lose Winter Coat
Adapt to many seasons
Eat from different layers of the forest
Animal Adaptations
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Desert
Location: Africa, Middle East, parts of North America
Climate: Hot in the day and cold at night, little rainfall
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DesertPlants: Succulent Plants (retain water in the leaves), Cacti, and small Shrubs
Location: Africa, Middle East, parts of North America
Climate: Hot in the day and cold at night, little rainfall
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DesertPlants: Succulent Plants (retain water in the leaves), Cacti, and small Shrubs
Animals: Lizards, Snakes, small Rodents, other Rodents
Location: Africa, Middle East, parts of North America
Climate: Hot in the day and cold at night, little rainfall
Abiotic factors
<10 in/yr of rain
Little to no topsoil due to high winds.
Minerals not deep in soil.
Too dry for decay
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Monday, March 25, 13
Desert Plant Adaptations:
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Desert Plant Adaptations:
• Spines
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Desert Plant Adaptations:
• Spines• Succulents
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Desert Plant Adaptations:
• Spines• Succulents• Thick, waxy cuticle
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Desert Plant Adaptations:
• Spines• Succulents• Thick, waxy cuticle• Shallow, broad
roots
Monday, March 25, 13
Desert Plant Adaptations:
• Spines• Succulents• Thick, waxy cuticle• Shallow, broad
roots
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Monday, March 25, 13
Desert Animal Adaptations:
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Desert Animal Adaptations:• Get water from food
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Desert Animal Adaptations:• Get water from food• Thick outer coat
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Desert Animal Adaptations:• Get water from food• Thick outer coat• Burrow during day
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Desert Animal Adaptations:• Get water from food• Thick outer coat• Burrow during day• Large ears
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Desert Animal Adaptations:• Get water from food• Thick outer coat• Burrow during day• Large ears• Smaller animals = less surface area
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Aquatic BiomesMarine (Salt Water)
Freshwater
– Location: Oceans & Estuaries
– Types of Organisms: Kelp, Whales, Dolphins, Sharks, Tuna, Crabs, Shrimp, Lobsters, Salmon, Eels, Plankton
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Aquatic Biomes
– Location: Wetlands, Rivers, Streams, Ponds, Lakes, & Creeks
– Types of Organisms: Algae, Muskrats, Ducks, Geese, Fish, Pike, Carp, Bass, & Catfish
Marine (Salt Water)
Freshwater
– Location: Oceans & Estuaries
– Types of Organisms: Kelp, Whales, Dolphins, Sharks, Tuna, Crabs, Shrimp, Lobsters, Salmon, Eels, Plankton
Monday, March 25, 13
Aquatic Biomes
– Location: Wetlands, Rivers, Streams, Ponds, Lakes, & Creeks
– Types of Organisms: Algae, Muskrats, Ducks, Geese, Fish, Pike, Carp, Bass, & Catfish
Marine (Salt Water)
Freshwater
– Location: Oceans & Estuaries
– Types of Organisms: Kelp, Whales, Dolphins, Sharks, Tuna, Crabs, Shrimp, Lobsters, Salmon, Eels, Plankton
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Estuaries • Streams and rivers merge with ocean water in areas known as estuaries. • Estuary organisms experience changes in salt concentration and temperature as
the fresh water and salt water mix. • Estuaries serve as breeding grounds for many invertebrate and fish species, and
as nesting and feeding areas for a great diversity of birds. • Along most of the east coast of the United States, the major ecosystems found in
estuaries are salt marshes. • In tropical areas, the typical estuary ecosystems are mangrove swamps. • These swamps are dominated by mangrove trees, which are anchored by tangled
networks of arching roots.
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• The area of shore between the high-tide and low-tide lines. • Pounded by waves during high tide and exposed to the sun and drying winds
during low tide, benthic organisms in this zone must be well-adapted to survive these harsh conditions
Intertidal Zone
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Near Shore Zone • The area of the ocean from the low-tide line out to the edge of the
continental shelf. • Since the ocean here is fairly shallow, some sunlight reaches the
bottom in most of the zone. • As a result, many organisms that require light for photosynthesis can
live in this zone, including seaweeds and phytoplankton.
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Open-Ocean Zone • The vast open ocean from the edge of the continental shelf outward. • Phytoplankton drifting near the surface are the major producers in this
zone. • Microscopic animals called zooplankton also inhabit this area and in turn
are a source of food for other animals.
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Deforestation The removal of large amounts of trees for the resources those
trees or land provide
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Reclamation The planting of new vegetation on land that has been previously harvested or
used.
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Strip Mining
The removing of earth's resources by removing layer by layer, this destroys the land and makes it impossible to replant.
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Terrence
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