Biomass Gasification for Hydrogen ProductionPresented By Md Tanvir AlamDepartment of Environmental EngineeringYonsei University
Introduction
Introduction What is biomass?
Introduction What is Gasification?
A process that converts organic or fossil fuel based carbonaceous materials into CO, H2 and CO2
By reacting the material at high temperatures (>700 °C)
With controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam
Introduction What is hydrogen fuel?
Zero-emission fuel when burned with oxygen
Hydrogen (H2) reacts with oxygen (O2) to form water (H2O) and releases energy.
2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g)
IntroductionWhy we need hydrogen fuel?
Renewable energy
Clean energy
Environment friendly
Fuel efficient
IntroductionWhy hydrogen production from bio-
mass? Renewable resource
Most abundant
Carbon neutral
Cost effective
Easy to use
IntroductionPathways from Biomass to Hydrogen Production
Reference: Milne et al. (2001) National Renewable Energy Laborat-ory, USA
Methodology
Methodology
Methodology
Source: Cuiping et al. (2004). Biomass and bioenergy, 27(2), 119-130.
Elemental characteristics of biomass
Methodology
Reference: Higman & Burgt (2008). Gasification (2nd edition), Gulf Professional Publishing
1. C + ½ O2 → CO (-111 MJ/kmol)
2. CO + ½ O2 → CO2 (-283 MJ/kmol)
3. H2 + ½ O2 → H2O (-242 MJ/kmol)
Major chemical reactions within gasification process:
Methodology
Reference: Higman & Burgt (2008). Gasification (2nd edition), Gulf Professional Publishing
7. CO + H2O ↔ CO2 + H2 "Water-Gas-Shift Reaction"(-41 MJ/kmol)
8. CH4 + H2O ↔ CO2 + 3 H2 "Steam-Methane-Reforming Reac-tion"(+206 MJ/kmol)
4. C + H2O ↔ CO + H2 "the Water-Gas Reaction"(+131 MJ/kmol)
5. C + CO2 ↔ 2CO "the Boudouard Reaction"(+172 MJ/kmol)
6. C + 2H2 ↔ CH4 "the Methanation Reaction"(-75 MJ/kmol)
Result & Discussion
Result & DiscussionFeedstock Reactor Catalyst used Hydrogen production (vol
%)References
Sawdust Unknown Na2CO3 48.32 at 700 °C55.40 at 800 °C59.80 at 900 °C
Yongje et al.(1996) Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica
Sawdust Circulating fluidized bed Not used 10.5 at 810 °C Chuangzhi et al. (1997) Acta En-ergiae Solaris Sinica
Wood Fixed bed Not used 7.7 at 550 °C Xia et al. (2000) ) Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica
Sawdust Fluidized bed Unknown 57.4 at 800 °C Turn et al. (1998) Int. Jour. of Hy-drogen Energy
Sawdust Fluidized bed NiK2CO3CaONa2CO3
62.10 at 830 °C11.27 at 964 °C13.32 at 1008 °C14.77 at 1012 °C
Rapagna et al. (1998) Int. Jour. of Hydrogen EnergyChun et al.(2001) Chemistry and Industry of Forest Product
Pine sawdust Fluidized bed Unknown 26-42 at 700-800 °C Zhewei et al. (2002) Jour. Of Fuel Chemistry and Technology
Bagasse Fluidized bed Unknown 29-38 at 700-800 °C Same as above
Cotton stem Fluidized bed Unknown 27-38 at 700-800 °C Same as above
Sewage sludge Downdraft Unknown 10-11 at 700-800 °C Midilli et al. (2002) Int. Jour. of Hydrogen Energy
Almond shell Fluidized bed La-Ni-FePerovskite
62.8 at 800 °C63.7 at 900 °C Rapagna et al. (2002) Biomass &
BioenergySwitchgrass Moving bed Cu-Zn-Al 27.1 Brown (2003) National Renew-
able energy Laboratory
Factors that influence hydrogen productionTemperature
Type of reactor
Feeding materials
Catalysts
Cost Estimation
Source: Bowen et al. (2003) National Renewable Energy Lab, USA
Feedstock Moisture Content
Test Run (tonnes/day)
Bagasse 20% 500,1000,2000
Switchgrass 12% 500,1000,2000
Nutshell 12.5% 500
Fig. Process flow diagram
Cost estimation
Detailed breakdown of capital cost
Including labour, construction and in-stallation
Cost Estimation
Source: Bowen et al. (2003) National Renewable Energy Lab, USA
Cost Estimation
Source: Bowen et al. (2003) National Renewable Energy Lab, USA
Results of economical analysis for gasification of three biomass feedstocks
Future TrendHydrogen Production by Reaction Integrated Novel Gasification (HyPr-RING) process
Source: Lin et al. (2002) Energy Conversion and Management
Future TrendConcept of Hydrogen Production by Reaction Integrated Novel Gasification (HyPr-RING) process
Source: Lin et al. (2002) Energy Conversion and Management
Conclusion
Conclusion It is possible to achieve hydrogen production about 60 vol.% using a flu-
idized bed gasifier along with suitable catalyst. Such high conversion efficiency makes biomass gasification an attractive hydrogen produc-tion alternative.
The cost of hydrogen production by biomass gasification is competitive with natural gas reforming
Based on both economical and environmental consideration hydrogen production from biomass gasification should be a promising option.
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