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*Gregor Mendel
*Vocabulary
*Pisum sativum
*Genetic Crosses
*Mendels Laws
*Dominance
*$100$200$300$400$500$100$200$300$400$500$100$200$300$400$500$100$200$300$400$500$100$200$300$400$500$100$200$300$400$500Gregor MendelVocabularyPisum sativumGenetic CrossesMendels LawsDominance
*Took courses in this subject at the University of Vienna that later helped him with his genetic studies
*What is mathematics or statistics?
*Mendel did research on this --- the transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring
*What is heredity?
*Number of traits Mendel observed in his study with pea plants
*What is Seven?
*Mendel used this to transfer pollen from the anther to the stigma of flowers
*What is a small paint brush?
*Mendel was able to document the traits of each pea generation by controlling this
*What is pollination?
*Two forms of a Gene
*What are alleles?
*Genotype referred to as being Pure
*What is homozygous?
*Heterozygous genotypes are also called this
*What are hybrids?
*Two forms that a gene or allele may take
*What are dominant or recessive?
*Mendel stated that physical traits were inherited as these
*What are particles?
*Pure parent pea plants are obtained by doing this
*What is allow to self-pollinate?
*Recessive seed shape in Mendels peas
*What is wrinkled?
*Flower part that produces pollen
*What is the stamen?
*Mendel was able to cross 2 hybrids by doing this
*What is transfer pollen himself or cross-pollinate?
*Actual observed ratio that Mendel got from an F1 monohybrid Cross
*What is 2.96:1?
*Cross involving 2 traits
*What is dihybrid?
*Used to solve genetic crosses
*What is a Punnett Square?
*Percentage of tall pea plants resulting from an F1 Monohybrid Cross
*What is 75%?
*Another name for an F2 Monohybrid Cross
*What is a testcross?
*Genotypic ratio for an F2 Monohybrid Cross
*What is 1:1?
*Number of P1 traits that fail to appear in Mendels F1 pea plants
*What is one?
*Trait that appeared in the F1 generation was controlled by this factor or allele
*What is dominant?
*Separation of factors or alleles during the formation of gametes
*What is the Law of Segregation?
*Dihybrid Crosses showed that alleles arent connected when being distributed to gametes
*What is the Law of Independent Assortment?
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*Number of Possible allele Combinations in an F1 Dihybrid Cross
*What is four?
*Used to represent alleles or factors that mask others
*What is a Capital Letter?
*States that recessive trait alleles have no effect on phenotype when paired with a dominant trait allele
*What is the Law of Dominance?
*Gives hybrids an appearance in between the phenotypes of the two parents
*What is Incomplete Dominance?
*Multiple alleles for human blood type is an example
*What is Codominance?
*Type of dominance shown in Mendels pea plant crosses
*What is Complete Dominance?
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*Genetic Ratios
*Genetic Disorders
*Genes
*Sex-Linked
*Mutations
*Human Genetics
*$200$400$600$800$1000$200$400$600$800$1000$200$400$600$800$1000$200$400$600$800$1000$200$400$600$800$1000$200$400$600$800$1000Genetic RatiosGenetic DisordersGenesSex-linkedMutationsHuman Genetics
*P1 Monohybrid genotypic ratio
*What is All Alike?
*F1 Monohybrid genotypic ratio
*What is 1:2:1?
*F2 Monohybrid genotypic ratio
*What is 1:1?
*F1 Dihybrid Phenotypic ratio
*What is 9:3:3:1?
*Probability of getting hybrids from an F1 Monohybrid Cross
*What is 50% or ?
*Family record showing the inheritance of a trait over several generations
*What is a pedigree?
*Type of mutation that causes death, often before birth
*What is a lethal mutation?
*Genetic disorder that produces a defective form of hemoglobin
*What is sickle cell anemia?
*Chromosome mutation resulting in Down Syndrome
*What is nondisjunction?
*Genetic disorder in which the body can not metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine
*What is PKU?
*Alternate forms of a Gene
*What are alleles?
*Genes are carried on these
*What are chromosomes?
*Shows the linear sequence of genes on a chromosome
*What is a chromosome map?
*Gene mutation involving a single nucleotide
*What is a point mutation?
*Genes found on the same chromosome are said to be this
*What is linked?
*Genotype for males
*What is XY?
*Sex chromosome that carries the most genes
*What is the X chromosome?
*X-linked disease usually in males that impairs the ability of blood to clot
*What is hemophilia?
*Females that do not express a trait but can pass the trait on to their offspring
*What are carriers?
*The presence of male or female hormones affects these traits
*What are sex-influenced traits?
*A mutation may take place in any of these
*What is a cell?
*Mutations that arent passed on to offspring
*What are somatic mutations?
*Organisms with these have a better chance of reproducing
*What is a beneficial mutation?
*Loss of a piece of a chromosome due to chromosomal breakage
*What is a deletion?
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*Condition in which a zygote has only 45 chromosomes
*What is monosomy?
*Trait controlled by two or more genes such as eye or skin color
*What is a polygenic trait?
*Genetic disorder found in European Jews in which the nervous system of infants deteriorates
*What is Tay-Sachs disease?
*Genetic disorder carried on the X chromosome resulting in the wasting away of muscles
*What is muscular dystrophy?
*XXY chromosomes in a male
*What is Klinefelters syndrome?
*Screening for this disorder is performed immediately after birth in the United States
*What is PKU?
*Final Jeopardy
*This type of dominance occurs when heterozygous individuals & dominant homozygous individuals are indistinguishable in phenotype
*What is complete dominance?
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