COMPARISON OF NERVOUS SYSTEM AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 2 Long
lasting Lasts a short while Slow acting Fast acting Hormones travel
through blood to their target Direct cell to cell communication
Produceshormones Produces neurotransmitters Endocrine System
Nervous System
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GENERAL THINGS TO KNOW Endocrine = Hormone System Hormones are
chemicals produced in minute amounts All hormones in body together
weigh less than 5 ounces. 3
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GENERAL THINGS TO KNOW Control the slow processes in our bodies
Rate of growth Metabolism Development before birth Pregnancy, birth
process, lactation Initiation of puberty & sexual maturity
Storing & breakdown of food Maintaining water & mineral
levels 4
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GENERAL THINGS TO KNOW Hormones are chemical messengers
Produced in a gland Travel through the blood stream Act on a target
cell. Hormones are created in glands called ENDOCRINE glands
(ductless glands) Because the glands secrete into the blood stream,
not into a body cavity (exocrine). 5
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TYPES OF HORMONES 1. Local Hormones Not typical hormones Act
immediately on area near secretion Action is local and rapid
Example = histamines Released by tissues when affected by a foreign
substance pollen Increases blood flow and fluid leaks into tissues
Inflammation, redness, swelling 6
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TYPES OF HORMONES 2. Circulating Hormones Typical Produced by
endocrine glands Travel through blood To target cell Combine with
receptor on or in the target cell Receptor site is either on the
membrane or in cytoplasm Initiates a change in the target cell
7
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CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF HORMONES We are concerned with 2 types 1.
Protein or Peptide Hormones Made up of peptide chains or long
proteins Water soluble / lipid insoluble Cannot cross phospholipid
bilayer Includes hormones from 1. Hypothalamus 2. Pituitary 3.
Pancreas 8
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2. Steroid Hormones Chemically related to cholesterol Water
insoluble / lipid soluble Can pass right through the cell membrane
Includes Sex hormones Thyroxin Hormones from the adrenal cortex 9
Chemical Structure of Hormones
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ANATOMY OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ASSIGNMENT Identify the
following endocrine glands on a diagram of a human 10 Pituitary
Gland Hypothalamus Pineal Gland ThyroidParathyroidTestesOvaries
Adrenal Glands PancreasThymus
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LETS ZOOM IN ON THE HEAD.
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ANATOMY OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Hypothalamus hormones produced
here are secreted into the blood through the posterior pituitary.
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SOURCE = ADRENAL GLANDS 88 SourceHormoneTargetEffect Adrenal
Medulla Epinephrine(Adrenalin) Liver & Muscle Stimulates
Glucose release Short term stress Adrenal Medulla Norepinephrine
(noradrenalin) General Heart
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SOURCE = ADRENAL GLANDS 89 SourceHormoneTargetEffect Adrenal
Medulla Epinephrine(Adrenalin) Liver & Muscle Stimulates
Glucose release Short term stress Adrenal Medulla Norepinephrine
(noradrenalin) General Heart Constrict Blood Vessels Increase Heart
Rate
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SOURCE = PANCREAS 91 SourceHormoneTargetEffect Pancreas Beta
Cells of Islets of Langerhans
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SOURCE = PANCREAS 92 SourceHormoneTargetEffect Pancreas Beta
Cells of Islets of Langerhans Insulin
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SOURCE = PANCREAS 93 SourceHormoneTargetEffect Pancreas Beta
Cells of Islets of Langerhans InsulinGeneral
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SOURCE = PANCREAS 94 SourceHormoneTargetEffect Pancreas Beta
Cells of Islets of Langerhans InsulinGeneral Lowers blood glucose
levels Stimulates uptake of glucose into cells
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SOURCE = PANCREAS 95 SourceHormoneTargetEffect Pancreas Beta
Cells of Islets of Langerhans InsulinGeneral Lowers blood glucose
levels Stimulates uptake of glucose into cells Pancreas Alpha Cells
of Islets of Langerhans
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SOURCE = PANCREAS 96 SourceHormoneTargetEffect Pancreas Beta
Cells of Islets of Langerhans InsulinGeneral Lowers blood glucose
levels Stimulates uptake of glucose into cells Pancreas Alpha Cells
of Islets of Langerhans Glucagon
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SOURCE = PANCREAS 97 SourceHormoneTargetEffect Pancreas Beta
Cells of Islets of Langerhans InsulinGeneral Lowers blood glucose
levels Stimulates uptake of glucose into cells Pancreas Alpha Cells
of Islets of Langerhans Glucagon Liver & Fatty Tissue
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SOURCE = PANCREAS 98 SourceHormoneTargetEffect Pancreas Beta
Cells of Islets of Langerhans InsulinGeneral Lowers blood glucose
levels Stimulates uptake of glucose into cells Pancreas Alpha Cells
of Islets of Langerhans Glucagon Liver & Fatty Tissue Raises
blood glucose levels by stimulating liver to convert glycogen back
into glucose
SOURCE = TESTES 112 SourceHormoneTargetEffect
TestesTestosterone General & Reprod- uctive Structures Develop
& Maintain secondary male characteristics Promotes
spermatogenesis
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VIDEO TUTORIALS ON HORMONES AND GLANDS Teacher Video Crash
Course Video
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NOW THAT YOU KNOW WHAT THEY ARE Lets find out how and when they
are produced and how the system can be shut off when things are
fine.
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HORMONES & FEEDBACK Hormone levels are regulated through a
process called negative feedback When the brain detects an
inappropriate level of a certain hormone, it will do things to fix
the problem. When the problem is solved, the brain stops trying to
fix it. Lets look at an example. 115
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HORMONES & FEEDBACK When insufficient levels of thyroxin in
body 1. the pituitary releases TSH 2. Thyroid then produces
Thyroxin 3. Soon thyroxin levels are high enough for pituitary to
stop releasing TSH. 4. As a result, thyroxin release stops.
116
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HORMONES & FEEDBACK
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A DIPLOMA EXAM DIAGRAM 122
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HORMONAL CONTROL ASSIGNMENT Using your textbook and class
notes, describe each the following disorders by 1. indicating the
symptoms 2. identifying the hormones involved 3. identifying if
this hormone is in hypersecretion or hyposecretion. 123 1.
hypothyroidism 2. hyperthyroidism 3. goiter 4. diabetes mellitus 5.
gigantism 6. dwarfism 7. acromegaly