- ““The variety of life in The variety of life in all its forms, levels and all its forms, levels and
combinations” combinations”
- Includes:Includes:ecosystem diversity, species ecosystem diversity, species
diversity, and genetic diversitydiversity, and genetic diversity
• Scientists have identified more than 2 million species. Tens of millions -- remain unknown
•The tremendous variety of life on Earth is made possible by complex interactions among all living things.
There are 3 components of There are 3 components of biodiversity biodiversity
1.1. Diversity of genesDiversity of genesChihuahuas, Greyhound and Newfies are all dogs—Chihuahuas, Greyhound and Newfies are all dogs—but they're not the same because their genes are but they're not the same because their genes are
different.different.
ChihuahuaChihuahua NewfoundlandNewfoundlandGreyhoundGreyhound
Diversity of speciesDiversity of species. .
Hoary Bat
There are 3 components of There are 3 components of biodiversity biodiversity
Iwi Kahuli
Variety of ecosystemsVariety of ecosystemsEach one is different, with its own set of Each one is different, with its own set of species living in it.species living in it.
Desert Tropical Rain Forest tiaga
There are 3 components of There are 3 components of biodiversity biodiversity
Biodiversity has Intrinsic Value
Intrinsic Value = Something that has value in and of itself
Source: Burmbaugh © AMNH-CBC
Biodiversity also has Utilitarian Biodiversity also has Utilitarian ValueValue
Utilitarian Value = the value something has as a means to another’s end.
Utilitarian values include:• Goods• Services• Information
What do we get from What do we get from biodiversity?biodiversity?
OxygenOxygen FoodFood Clean WaterClean Water MedicineMedicine AestheticsAesthetics IdeasIdeas
Should we be concerned about Should we be concerned about biodiversity?biodiversity?
What we know:What we know: The Earth is losing species at an alarming The Earth is losing species at an alarming raterate
Some scientists estimate that as many as 3 Some scientists estimate that as many as 3 species per hour are going extinct and species per hour are going extinct and 20,000 extinctions occur each year.20,000 extinctions occur each year.
when species of plants and animals go when species of plants and animals go extinct, many other species are affectedextinct, many other species are affected . .
Threats to biodiversityThreats to biodiversity
HHabitatabitat LossLoss
IIntroducedntroduced SpeciesSpecies
PPollutionollution
PPopulationopulation GrowthGrowth
OOver-consumptionver-consumption
HIPPO Dilemma
• Biodiversity Biodiversity
• Collections on O’ahuCollections on O’ahu
• Accreditation criteriaAccreditation criteria
• Apply to campus tree Apply to campus tree collectionscollections
• Homework: go to a Homework: go to a ‘Collection’‘Collection’
Quiz: Quiz: - MammalsMammals- BirdsBirds- FishFish- InsectsInsects- Flowering PlantsFlowering Plants- Total # of Total # of
species species recordedrecorded
- EstimatedEstimated Total Total # of species in # of species in the Worldthe World
4,675
9,702
23,250
751,000
421,968
1,413,000
~10 - 100 million species
Provide formal documentation of the world’s known biodiversity (living or dead)
Museums, Zoos, Arboreta, Botanical Gardens, Public and Private Research Collections
KaenaPoint
Waikiki
Diamond Head Koko Head
Kailua
WahiawaSea Life Park
Honolulu ZooWaikiki Aquarium
Lyon Arboretum
Foster Botanical Gardens
Honolulu
Kaneohe
Hawaii Kai
EducationEducation ResearchResearch Species Species
distributionsdistributions Species Species
classificationclassification Conservation and recovery programsConservation and recovery programs
BiodiversityCollection
AccreditationOrganization
State Agency orPrivate Organization
Community Visitor Industry
CommunityVolunteers
HistoricalAgreements
B.P. Bishop Museum
Outdoor CircleExceptional Trees Program
Preserved Specimens
Hanauma Bay
City of Honolulu
American Zoo andAquarium Association
- Honolulu Zoo- Waikiki Aquarium- Sea Life Park
Hawai`i AZA Accredited Institutions
Aesthetics
Quality living environmentsHigh level of enrichment and care
Involvement in conservation
Active education programs
Appropriate size Cages?
Good signage?
Structures & walkways are in good repair?
Energy & Resource Conservation?
Under Construction —New elephant enclosure: $6.8 millionNew elephant enclosure: $6.8 million
An effort to improve living conditions:
Behavioral enrichment?
Social Interactions?
Exhibits for the physical, social, and psychological well-being?
Encourage foraging by Encourage foraging by hiding food itemshiding food items
Man-made termite Man-made termite mound encourages use mound encourages use of tools to gather foodof tools to gather food
Frozen fruit treats Frozen fruit treats provide entertainmentprovide entertainment
Interpretive programs: Info on species conservation.
Breeding programs: (ie. rare species)
Participation in field conservation programs
Research examining stress Research examining stress factors in Hawaiian factors in Hawaiian honeycreepershoneycreepers
Captive breeding of Captive breeding of
African HornbillsAfrican Hornbills
Good environmental education?
Info on … ? - conservation issues - role of the institution - contributions to local conservation - promotion of individual stewardship
Cooperative programs with institutions of higher learning?
Part of UH since Part of UH since 19191919
School support School support programprogram
Adult classesAdult classes
The funding for the biodiversity collection has been cut so severely that it may no longer possible to maintain all of the individuals. As curator of the collection how do manage the situation?
You are the facilities manager.The director has some extra funds and wants to expand the collection instead of adding the backup water system that was identified in the master plan. You think the water system is needed to deal with a recent increase in attendance.
The new public relations firm has produced some advertisements that describe the facility as “Wonderful entertainment for the whole family”. Is this the way you would want to advertise the facility? Why or why not?
Your responsibility as a new intern is to take care of the 10 individuals of one species in the collection. When you arrive one morning, one of them is dead. You are relatively certain the death is the direct result of you not following procedures very carefully.
• Write a 1-2 page typed Critique of the Medicinal Garden near Imiloa using AZA criteria.
• Provide background information• Make 5 positive observations on
this biodiversity collection • Make 5 “critical” observations on
this biodiversity collection and suggest specific remediation
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