BIODIESEL Purchase Policy & Specifications
BIODIESEL Purchase Policy & Specifications
BIODIESEL R&D at IOC
• Jatropha Plantation• Trans-esterification Process Optimization • Biodiesel Quality Control Lab • Emission Studies • Field Trials on Buses Jointly with Haryana
Roadways and Ashok Leyland• Field Trials on Trains, Jointly with Indian Railways• Field Trials on Automobiles, Jointly with Tata
Motors, Escorts Tractors and Mahindra & Mahindra
VALUE CHAIN R&D TO ACHIEVE B20 BLENDING
Biodiesel Purchase Policy
• MoPN&G declared Biodiesel Purchase Policy on 9th Oct. 2005
• Effective from 1.1.2006• Emphasis on
– Standard Quality (as per BIS Spec)– Uniform Price (Rs. 25 / Litre)– Setting up of 20 Purchase Centres by Oil PSUs– Assured Market to Farmers & Entrepreneurs
Biodiesel Purchase Centres
• Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand & Orissa – Ghatkesar, AP (HPC)
• Chattisgarh – Mandirhasaud (HPC)• Delhi – Bijwasan (IOC)• Gujarat – Kandla (BPC)• Haryana – Rewari (IOC)• Karnataka – Devanagunthi, Bangalore
(IOC) & Mangalore (IOC)
Biodiesel Purchase Centres
• Madhya Pradesh – Mangliagaon,Indore, (IOC)• Maharashtra – Manmad (BPC); Nagpur (BPC); Loni
(HPC) & Vashi (HPC)• Punjab – Bhatinda (IOC)• Rajasthan – Jaipur (BPC); Salawas (HPC)• Tamilnadu – Chennai (IOC); Narimanam (IBP) & Karur
(BPC)• UP & Uttaranchal – Panki (IOC) & Amousi (IBP)
Biodiesel Purchase Policy
• Biodiesel manufacturers to approach State Level Coordinators (SLC) for registration as supplier
• SLC to assess the production capacity and credibility of the supplier and quality of the product
• Registration valid for one year and renewable on change of manufacturing process or raw material
• Priority to be given to producers using non-edible tree borne seed oils and supporting farmers in this context
Biodiesel Quality Checks
• Product to meet all specifications prescribed in PCD3(2242)C Draft BIS Specifications dated 26.7.2004
• Industry Manual on Operations, Quality & Safety for Biodiesel to be made available by OMCs to Biodiesel Manufacturers
• Every consignment to meet the specifications for six critical tests
• Testing charges at oil terminals to be borne by OMCs
Critical Biodiesel Tests
• Density @ 15oC• Kinematic Viscosity @ 40oC• Flash Point• Water Content• Copper Corrosion• Acid Value
• Delivery in tank trucks of capacity not less than 10 KL • Every consignment to be tested for above parameters
TRANS-ESTERIFICATION PROCESS
CH2OCOR’
|
CHOCOR”
|
CH2OCOR”’
TRIGLYCERIDES
3 ROH
ALCOHOL
Catalyst
CH2OH
|
CHOH
|
CH2OH
GLYCEROL
ROCOR’
+
ROCOR’’
+
ROCOR’’’
FAME OR BIODIESEL
Biodiesel to be free from residual Vegetable Oil, FFA, gums, water, catalyst, methanol and glycerine
Property (Units)
Test Methods
(Limits) Significance
Flash Point
(°C)
D-93
(Min 120)
Temperature at which fuel produce ignitable
vapor-air mixture on exposure to a flame Mechanism to limit level of unreacted
alcohol remaining in biodiesel
Phosphorus (mg/Kg)
ASTM D-4951
(Max 10)
Phosphorus damages catalytic converters
used in emissions control systems
Water content (mg/Kg)
ASTM D-2709
(Max 500)
Causes corrosion of tanks & equipments Check trace of water remaining after washing
Density at 15oC, Kg/m3
ISO-3675
(860-900)
To match with typical test values
Biodiesel Specifications
Property (Units)
ASTM Methods
(Limits) Significance
Carbon Residue (Ramsbottom)
(% mass)
D- 4530
(Max 0.05)
Measure of carbonaceous material left in
a fuel after all volatile components are
vaporized in absence of air and carbon
depositing tendencies of a fuel oil
Sulfated Ash
(% mass)
D- 874
(Max 0.02)
To check the presence of residual catalyst and other impurities Results in injector, fuel pump, piston &
ring wear, engine deposits & filter
plugging
Viscosity at 40°C (cSt)
D- 445
(2.5-6.0)
Measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow Imp. for estimation of optimum handling & operational conditions
Biodiesel Specifications
Property (Units)
Test Methods
(Limits) Significance
Sulfur
(mg/Kg)
ASTM D- 5453
(Max. 50)
Effects engine wear & deposits in
combustion chamber & on pistons Effects emissions control systems
performance
Cetane number
P:9
(Min 51)
Measure of ignition quality of fuel
Influences white smoke & combustion
roughness Requirement depends on engine design, size,
nature of speed, load variations, on starting &
atmospheric conditions
Copper Corrosion
(3 hrs at 50oC)
P:15
(Max 1)
Measure of possible difficulties with Cu and
brass/bronze parts of fuel system Test is designed to assess relative degree of
corrosivity of a Fuel
Biodiesel Specifications
Property (Units)
ASTM Methods
(Limits) Significance
Acid Value (mg KOH/g)
D-664 (Max 0.50)
Measure of total acidity of fuel & indicates its tendency to corrode metals Check level of FFA Its high value in biodiesel increases fueling system deposits
Free Glycerin
(% mass)
D-6584
(Max 0.02)
Check byproduct glycerin in biodiesel Cause injector deposits, clogged fueling
systems & build up of free glycerin in the
bottom during storage & fueling system
Total Glycerin
(% mass)
D-6584
(Max 0.25)
Includes free glycerin & glycerin portion of any unreacted/partially reacted oil/fat Check level of intermediate glycerides Cause injector deposits & adversely
affect cold weather operation
Biodiesel Specifications
Other Salient Proposals of Biodiesel Purchase Policy
• Networking of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI) with NOVOD Board, DBT & NBRI for good quality seeds and saplings
• Networking of PRIs with entrepreneurs for seed collection, oil extraction & biodiesel production
• PCRA in association with Ministry of Panchayati Raj and State Govts to conduct mass awareness programs on Jatropha & Biodiesel
Other Salient Proposals of Biodiesel Purchase Policy
• R&D studies and field trials to be continued to achieve 20% Biodiesel blending and to be coordinated by IOC R&D
• Progress of the implementation of the Biodiesel Purchase Policy by OMCs to be monitored by Petroleum Policy and Analysis Cell (PPAC) and report the progress to MoP&NG on regular basis
Conclusions
• Biodiesel to be free from residual Vegetable Oil, FFA, gums, water, catalyst, methanol and glycerine
• To achieve 20% Biodiesel Blending – India needs > 10 MMT of Biodiesel
• That requires Jatropha plantation on approx. 10 million hectares
• Leading to creation of millions of jobs and substantial reduction in pollution level
Thank You
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