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Biodeisel Production From Jatropha
Muhammad HassanRoll # 1311
Msc 4th SemesterDepartment Of Applied Chemistry and
BiochemistryGC University Faisalabad
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Biodiesel
Conetents:
History and Background
Introduction
Production process
Application
Difference between Bioethanol and Biodiesel
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History and Background
Developed in the 1890s byinventor Rudolph Diesel,the diesel enginehas becomethe engine of choicefor power, reliability, and high fuel economy, worldwide.
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Introduction
Bio-diesel, an alternative diesel fuelIt is made from re-new able biological sources likevegetable oils and animal fats.
Similar to petroleum diesel fuel in structure(straight chain) and number of carbon atoms (10 to21)
The Bio-diesel can be prepared byTransesterification.
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Biodiesel FeedStock
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Production Process
Process steps:
Feedstock pretreatment
Reactions
Product purification
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Feedstock Pretreatment
Common feedstock used in biodiesel production include yellow grease (recycled vegetable oil), "virgin" vegetable oil, and tallow.
Recycled oil is processed to remove impurities from cooking, storage, and handling, such as dirt, charred food, and water.
Virgin oils are refined
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Biodiesel Reaction
Transestrification:
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Biodiesel Production
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Product purification
Products of the reaction include not only biodiesel, but also byproducts, soap, glycerol, excess alcohol, and trace amounts of water.
Residual methanol is typically recovered by distillation and reused.
Soaps can be removed or converted into acids.
Residual water is also removed from the fuel.
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Biodiesel from Different Oil
Plant Oil Alcohol Temperature Reaction Time Catalyst
Soybean and Castor (Brazil)
Ethyl 70 3 Hours NaOH
Wastes frying oil Methyl 60 1 Hours NaOH
Rapeseed Methyl 60 33 mins KOH
Sunflower Methyl 25 45 mins KOH
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Application of Biodiesel
• Railway usage
• Aircraft use
• As a heating oil
• Cleaning oil spills
• Biodiesel in generators
• Vehicles
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Advantages-Disadvantages of Biodiesel
Can be used pure biodiesel B100. Biodiesel is significantly more expensive compared to standard diesel
Biodiesel has shorter ignition delay compared to standard diesel
Biodiesel can release nitrogen oxide which can lead to the formation of smog.
Biodiesel has no sulfur content, and so it doesn't contribute to acid rain formation
Pure biodiesel has significant problems with low temperatures
Biodiesel has good lubricating properties better than standard diesel
Food Shortage can be occurred
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Comparison between Bioethanol & Biodiesel
Bioethanol Biodiesel
Process Fermentation Transesterification
Environmental Benefit Both reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Compatibility Blended E85 % B100 %
Costs Cheaper More expensiveGallons per acre 420 gallons per acre 60 gallons per acre
soybeans.
Energy provides 93% more net energy per gallon
produces only 25% more net energy.
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