BIOCOMPOSITE BOARD - BASED WOOD WASTE AND
AGROFIBER WASTE FOR WOOD CARVING FURNITURE
BY ACHMAD SOLIKHIN
SUPERVISORS :
Prof. Dr. Ir. Yusuf Sudo Hadi, M.Agr
Prof. Dr. Ir. Yusram Massijaya, M.Sc
FOREST PRODUCTS DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF FORESTRY
BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
2012
PROJECT PROPOSAL
FAO’s Global Forest Resources Assesment estimated that the global forest area was 4.033
billion hectares where net deforestration at the global level occurred at the rate of 0.14 % per year
between 2005-2010 (FAO 2010, FAO 2012). One of the above reasons isn’t optimalized utilization
of wood so that there were in excess of waste wood. According to Pemkab Jepara (2012), there are
64.546 m3/year of wood waste obtained by wood industries in Jepara Regency. In other hand, there
are abundant agrofibers of agriculture wastes such as sugar cane, bagasse, rice straw, wheat straw,
sunflower stalks, bamboo, sisal, jute, and so forth. These wastes are not managed properly so that
they pollute environment and disturb the activities of societies. In recent years, wood waste and
agrofiber waste are apparently lignocellulosic materials that are potential to be converted into an eco-
products. They contain cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, ash, water, and so forth. The eco-product
will be renewable, recyclable, and biodegradable products caused it comprises natural fibers (Ashori
2010, Pan et al. 2012).
Yet, wood waste and agrofiber waste have used to produce renewable fuel, bricket, animal
feed, fertilizer, and so on. For instance, some furniture industries in Jepara use wood wastes as
source of renewable fuel and component of bricket. Meanwhile, some cities of Indonesia have started
to use agricultural waste such as rice straw and sugar cane for producing biogas. In addition,
agricultural residues from sunflower stalks are used the least for animal feed or as a source of fuel
(Khristova et al. 1996). As part of lignocelluloses from wood forest products, used paper taken from
magazine, tissue, newspaper and sludge have been narrowly developed by industries to produce
wood composite. The above case is a demand for substituting solid wood as timber resources in
natural forests decline. They are used to typical applications as flooring, wall and ceiling panels,
office dividers, bulletin boards, furniture, cabinets, counter tops, and desk tops (Wang et al. 2007).
From the mentioned above, some researchers and I, under auspices of Prof. Yusuf Sudohadi
and Prof. Yusram Massijaya, attempt to develop the new initiative of eco-projects called
Biocomposite Board - Based Wood Waste and Agrofiber Waste for Wood Carving Furniture. This
project aims:
1. to alleviate and mitigate deforestration and degradated environment by optimizing the
abundant of wood waste and agrofiber waste;
2. to substitute solid wood confronting declining and to gain the benefit of biocomposite board
use as implemented as component of wood carving furniture;
3. to maintain the local indigeneous and culture of societies in carving wood with several
traditional features of Indonesia.
The above research and eco-project will be conducted in Biocomposite Labolatory of Forest Products
Department, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) and Jepara Regency.
In fact, biocomposite materials coming from forestry and agricultural wastes are not new to
the world. There are several kinds of biocomposite which are oriented strand board, cement board,
particle board, fiber board (hardboard, medium density board, insulation board) and LVL. Yet, solid
woods have been widely utilized to obtain particle board but wood waste and agrofiber waste have
been narrowly used and been developed in wood industries due to limited information on how to
produce particle board well with high quality and recovery. In nature, wood and agrofiber are
naturally occurring composites consisting of cellulose fibers (reinforcement) in lignin (matrix).
Composites having superior properties such as high modulus, and creep, impact, and heat resistance
have replaced steel, concrete, and wood in transportation, building/construction, engineering, marine,
aerospace, and chemical industries (Kumar et al. 2011). In other hand, the utilization of
biocomposite board is caused by the global environmental concerns for materials that are
biodegradable. Accordingly, it would be desirable to provide composite systems that (1) are
biodegradable in the environment, (2) are thermoplastic so that they can be moulded, cast, extruded,
or otherwise melt-processed into various forms including films, fibres, coatings, and foams, (3) can
be manufactured at reasonable cost, (4) have sufficient toughness, strength and stability during use
(Onyeagoro 2012).
In making biocomposite board - based wood waste and agrofiber waste, there is a procedure
should be executed as follows:
a) Wood waste particles are used. In addition, the agricultural lignocellulosic fibers used in this
study are sugar cane, bagasse, rice straw, wheat straw, sunflower stalks, bamboo, sisal, jute,
and so forth. We can add used newspaper, magazine, tissue, sludge to reinforce the board if
they are provided .
b) The particles are prepared by cutting each of the sections into 2 or 4 cm lengths. Commercial
UF resin adhesive (65 wt.% of solid content) is used as the composite binder added with 10 wt
% NH4Cl solution as a hardener;
c) Wood particles and agrofiber particles are manufactured and converted into several kinds of
biocomposite board such as oriented strand board, cement board, particle board, fiber board
(hardboard, medium density board, insulation board) and LVL;
d) Wood particles and agrofiber particles could be mixed or be separated based on the final
objective. Then they are sprayed with 10 wt% (based on the weight of the oven dried raw
material) commercial UF resin adhesive while rotating the mixer;
e) Then, the particles was cold pressed at 30 psi and left for 2 minutes before hot pressing.The
mixture was then hot pressed, to form composite boards at a peak pressure of 500 psi and a
temperature of 140 oC. Total pressing time was 4 min (1 min to reach full pressure). Board
samples were pre-conditioned at 25 oC and 5% RH before using;
f) The next process is the carving of biocomposite board or the utilization of board as component
of wood carving furniture.
In executing the research and the project above, the budget is an essential thing needed to be
filled. The total of budget in committing the above project is IDR 30.000.000,00 including material,
manpower, facilities and services. The budget is provided by my self and by drafting financial
assistance to certain institution which are Faculty of Forestry IPB. Another partners of my research
are Forest Products Department-IPB and Faculty of Forestry as well as IGaF-Indonesian Greenaction
Forum. If it is allowed by UNESCO Jakarta Office and IGaF, I will involve this project into the
proposal of IGaF’s in Action by looking for the UNESCO Youth-Ied Grant Scheme fund.
The sustainable forest products of biocomposite board could be gained by accelerating three pillars
of SFM-Sustainable Foret Management, which is in accordance with Sustainable Environment,
which are economic, ecological, and social benefits. These benefits can be achieved directly and
indirectly or tangible and intangible material as well. Economically, this project helps furniture
industries to benefit the wood waste and agrofiber waste to manufacture biocomposite products so
that it will add the economic value of the designated products. In addition, it will helps to increase
the income of industries by optimizing the wastes and by adding aesthetics of the furniture products.
Socially, it helps to maintain the local indigenous and culture in carving wood. Another social
benefit, it helps to societies especially unemployments in seeking the job. In environmental aspects,
It helps to alleviate and mitigate the forest degradation and degradated environment.
REFERENCES
FAO. 2012. State of the World’s Forests. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture of The United States.
Khristova P, Yossifov N, Gabir S. 1996. Particle board from sunflower stalks: preliminary trials.
Bioresources Technology 58 (1996) 319-321.
Kumar V, Tyagi L, Sinha S. 2011. Wood fl our – reinforced plastic composites: a review. Rev Chem
Eng 27 (2011): 253–264.
Onyeagoro GN. 2012. Effect of fibre acetylation on some mechanical properties of cellulose acetate
butyrate (cab)/yellow poplar wood fibre composites. International Journal of Academic
Research Vol. 4 (2012).
Pemkab Jepara. 2012. Profil Investasi Kabupaten Jepara 2012. Jepara: Pemerintah Kabupaten
Jepara.
Pan M, Mei C, and Song Y. 2012. A novel fire retardant affects fire performance and mechanical
properties of wood flour-high density polyethylene composites. BioResources 7(2), 1760-1770.
Wang SY, Yang TH, Lin LT, Lin CJ, Tsai MJ. 2007. Fire-retardant-treated low-formaldehyde-
emission particleboard made from recycled wood-waste. Bioresource Technology 99 (2008)
2072–2077.
ANNEXES
Wood waste from furniture industry in Jepara and rice straw fiber of agro waste
Kinds of particles (chips, strand, flakes) taken after chipping for manufacture biocomposite
Biocomposite boards (oriented strand board, particle board, fiber board) from wood and agrofiber wastes
Pattern of wood carving and biocomposite carving manually
Application of biocomposite board in furniture
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