BIOSAFETY
BIOSAFETY
Biosafety Awareness
BIOSAFETY
What is Biosafety
Where we do Biosafety
Why we do Biosafety Who/what is it protecting
BIOSECURITY
What is Biosecurity
Where we do Biosecurity
Why we do Biosecurity Who/what it is protecting
BIOSAFETY IS: Biosafety are safety measures taken with
respect to the effects of biological research on humans, animals, plants & the environment.
Any thing or environment referred to as Biohazard means it is a biological agent or condition that constitutes a hazard to humans, animal, plants or the environment.
A FOCUS ON THE LABORATORY Laboratory Biosafety
A set of preventive measures designed to reduce the risk of accidental exposure to or release of a biological agent
Laboratory Biosecurity A set of preventive measures to reduce the risk
of intentional removal(theft) and misuse of a biological agent– intent to cause harm
Fundamentally there are risks to working with pathogens and toxins
CLASSIFICATION OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
Infectious substances
Diagnostic specimens
WHY BIOSAFETY PRACTICES?
Protection: workers “products” co-workers lab support personnel environment
Biosafety
biological materials Collection Transport Manipulation
Collection, transport & manipulation
Any biological sample may be infectiousand therefore presents a hazard to anyperson handling
during collection during transport during opening and proceeding
Sample Collection
by patients» faeces urine sputum
by medical staff» blood sternal punctureaspiration liquids pus
Precautions during sample collection
Protect collector, colleague, staff... wear gloves, coat, (mask, glasses)
VHF: double gloves, filter-masks, boots dispose needles in special containers,
without re-capping, disinfection (sodium hypochlorite 2.5%), incineration
clean working surfaces (hypochlorite) decontaminate material (hypochlorite 10%)
HIV OR AIDS (ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME)
35,000 people are infected annually An infected person may carry the virus for
years before symptoms appear No cure and no vaccine at present
HBV OR HEPATITIS Inflammation of the liver - most common
blood borne disease Symptoms range from flu-like to none at
all No symptoms - person is infectious and
can spread the disease Hepatitis infects about Millions of people
around the globe annually
BLOODBORNE DISEASES
HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes AIDS - no cure or vaccination
HBV: Hepatitis B virus causes liver disease - vaccination available
Non-A or Non-B Hepatitis Syphilis Malaria
MEANS OF TRANSMISSION - MUST ENTER BODY
HBV, HIV virus present in blood, body fluids
Sexual contact with an infected partner
Sharing infected needles
Accidentally cutting yourself with a sharp object that is contaminated with infected blood, body fluids
Infected blood or body fluid on skin especially with open cuts, sores
Getting contaminated blood or body fluid in eyes, mouth.
GENERAL LAB REQUIREMENTS: SAFETY
Knowledgeable supervisor
Knowledgeable personnel Aware of potential hazardsProficient in practices &
techniques
Lab specific biosafety manual
SPECIAL PRACTICES
Strictly follow guidelines: Demonstrate proficiency Receive appropriate training Report incidents Participate in medical surveillance
BIOSAFETY LEVELS Biosafety Level is a level of laboratory
Biosafety also called biocontainment precautions required to isolate dangerous biological agents in an enclosed facility.
The levels of containment range from the lowest Biosafety level 1 to the highest at level 4. The greater the level the more precautions & care if required for biocontainment.
Biosafety Level 1 ( BSL 1 ) : Dealing with those biological agents which are unlikely to cause disease in healthy humans & are off minimal hazard to the laboratory environment & personnel
Biosafety Levels : Level 1
BSL - 1Agents not known to cause disease:
Bacillus anthracis Naegleria gurberi Infectious canine hepatitis virus Escherichia coli
No Special air handling requirements. Biological Safety Cabinet not required. Separated from public areas. Hand washing sinks. Eyewash Separate hanging areas for outside & lab clothes. Windows that can be opened protected from fly screens. Floors, walls & lab furniture must be washable. No eating or drinking in the laboratory Decontamination of waste by effective disinfectants
Biosafety Level 1 Requirement
Biosafety Level 1 Laboratory
No Eating / Drinking
Hand Wash
LABORATORY SAFETY
Biosafety Level 2 ( BSL 2 ) : Dealing with those pathogens that can cause disease in humans or animals but not a serious hazard; effective treatment is available; limited risk of spread.
Biosafety Levels : Level 2
BSL – 2Agents associated with human
disease*:
Measles Salmonellae Toxoplasma Spp Hepatitis B virus
* Immunization or antibiotic treatment available
BIOSAFETY LEVEL 2 REQUIREMENT
Proper Signs. Doors should be self-closing. Coat hooks for lab coats near exit. Lab located away from public areas, general areas,
patient care areas. Floors, walls & furniture must be impervious for
disinfection. An autoclave must be in or near the lab. Inward directional airflow & negative pressure in
the lab area is recommended. Centrifugation procedures must be contained.
-Class II Biological Safety Cabinet is required for procedures generating aerosols for e.g. for liquid handling, the cabinet should be certified annually & equipped certified HEPA filter which can re-circulate the air.
- All cleaning staff must be aware hazards & precaution.- Decontamination of waste by effective disinfectants- No Eating or Drinking in the laboratory.
Biosafety Level 2 Laboratory
Eye Wash
Proper Signs
Autoclave
Needles & SharpsDon’t touch broken glasses
Biosafety Level 2 Laboratory
BSL - 3Indigenous / exotic agents associated with
human disease and with potential for aerosol transmission:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis St. Louis encephalitis virus Coxiella burnetii
BSL - 4Dangerous / exotic agents of life
threatening nature:
Ebola virus Sin Nombre virus Rift valley fever
SPECIAL PROCEDURES
Decontaminate work surfaces
Report spills and accidents No animals in laboratories
DECONTAMINATION AGENT SELECTION:
Degree of microbial killing required Nature of item/ surface to be treated Ease of use Safety Cost
Sample preparation
Prefer vials such as vacutainers coagulation at room temp. centrifuge carefully avoid aerosols store
– serology: -20 C - 4 C– virology: freeze rapidly– bacteriology: store at room temperature
CENTRIFUGE HAZARD:
Mechanical failure of machine Lab equipment failure (tubes etc.) Aerosol generation Operator error
CONT….
Use safety cups whenever possible Disinfect weekly and after all spills or
breakages Lubricate O- rings and rotor threads weekly Do not use rotors that have been dropped
Check tubes for cracks/ chips. Use matched sets of tubes, buckets
etc. Tightly seal all tubes and safety cups. Ensure that rotor is locked to spindle
and bucket seated. Close lid during operation. Allow to come to complete stop before
opening.
SOLUTIONSEDUCATION
•SENDERS•CARRIERS•RECEIVERS•“EXPERTS”
MONEY•PACKAGING
FLEXIBILITY
PROTECT YOURSELF
Universal Precautions TREAT ALL BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS AS
POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS. Skin protects from pathogens - cuts, dermatitis,
chapping, small cracks allow germs to enter the body
First aid - use gloves, have as little contact as possible with blood or body fluids
Wash hands with antibacterial soap after contact After contact, flush eyes and face with fresh water
for several minutes
CLEAN-UP AND SAFE HOUSEKEEPING
After an accident, the entire area must be cleaned with disinfectant
Cleaning equipment must be disinfected Wear gloves while cleaning, apron or
goggles if appropriate Restrict access to the area Use disposable towels - dispose of
properly
OTHER EXPOSURE HAZARDS
Cleaning surfaces contaminated with blood,body fluids
ALWAYS wear gloves and protective apron or clothing Be alert for sharp objects, broken glassware, used
syringes in trash Do not pick up broken glass - use brush or broom &
dustpan Dispose of glass, sharp objects safely Laundry - bloody or contaminated linens or sharp
objects
COMMON SENSE RULES
Wash hands & remove protective clothing before eating, drinking, smoking, handling contact lenses, applying lip balm or cosmetics
Keep hands away from eyes, nose, mouth while cleaning
Frequent hand washing is best defense against spreading infection
SUMMARY Protect yourself on and off the
Laboratory- know the facts Practice good personal hygiene Follow work rules, use gloves and
protective clothing Wash your hands often, after work or
exposure Keep areas clean - report problems
immediately to supervisors
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