Ad Hoc Working Group on Article 3.9 of the Kyoto Protocol
Battling global climate change - the EU’s
perspective(Part II)
Artur Runge-Metzger
European Union
Ad Hoc Working Group on Article 3.9 of the Kyoto Protocol
The EU’s Kyoto challenge until 2012
Sou
rce:
Eu
rop
ean
C
om
mis
sion
Ad Hoc Working Group on Article 3.9 of the Kyoto Protocol
Sectoral trends (EU): 1990-2004/1990-2010
Total GHG2004
Energy use excluding transport
59%
Industrial processes
8%
Agriculture9%
Waste3%
Transport21%
27.2%
-7.1%
-15.6%
-3.6%
34.5%
26.0%
-2.4%
-16.4%
-47.0%
-16%
-10%
-33%
-2%
-44.9%
-10.4%
-60% -40% -20% 0% 20% 40%
Waste
Agriculture
Industrial processes
Transport
Energy excl. transport
Waste
Agriculture
Industrial processes
Transport
Energy excl. transport
Waste
Agriculture
Industrial processes
Transport
Energy excl. transport
Pro
ject
ion
s w
ith
ad
dit
ion
al
mea
sure
s b
ase
year
-201
0P
ast
emis
sio
ns
bas
e ye
ar-
2004
Pro
ject
ion
s w
ith
exi
stin
g
mea
sure
s b
ase
year
-201
0
Ad Hoc Working Group on Article 3.9 of the Kyoto Protocol
EU climate policies: The ‘broadbrush’ overview
Ad Hoc Working Group on Article 3.9 of the Kyoto Protocol
Emissions trading: EU is implementing a company-based scheme since 1.1.2005
CO2 emissions from energy intensive industry above specific capacity thresholds (45–50 % of EU CO2 emissions)
Around 10,500 installations electricity generators heat & steam production mineral oil refineries ferrous metals: production
& processing cement, lime glass, bricks and
ceramics pulp & paper sector
Ad Hoc Working Group on Article 3.9 of the Kyoto Protocol
Use of Kyoto Mechanisms: Planned purchases by Member States (in addition to company use!)
Almost 520 Million tonnes of CO2eq (2008-2012)
Allocated resources thus far: € 2.7 billion
Million tonnes of CO2 eq.
Austria 35.00
Belgium 42.00
Denmark 22.50
Finland At least 3.0
Ireland 18.50
Italy 198.00
Luxembourg 15.00
Netherlands 100.00
Spain 100.00
Sweden At least 5.0
Ad Hoc Working Group on Article 3.9 of the Kyoto Protocol
Carbon Market is taking off
Sourc
e:
Worl
d B
ank/
IETA
Sep
t. 2
006
Ad Hoc Working Group on Article 3.9 of the Kyoto Protocol
“Offsetting” alone cannot solve the climate change problem
Figure 1: Projected development of greenhouse gas emissions in different regions of the world
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1990 2050
Gig
aton
nes
CO
2 eq
uiv
alen
ts
Rest of World
Other annex 1
EU
Source: Greenhouse gas reduction pathways in the UNFCCC process up to 2025, CNRS/LEPII-EPE, RIVM/MNP, ICCS-NTUA, CES-KUL (2003).
... If Annex I alone reduces emissions to zero
... Global emission path compatible with 2°C
Ad Hoc Working Group on Article 3.9 of the Kyoto Protocol
Still, the EU will not wait
Estimates for full energy saving potential in the EU end-use sectors
„Saving 20% by 2020“ results in annual savings of
780 Mt CO2 in 2020 (twice the EUs Kyoto commitment)
Ad Hoc Working Group on Article 3.9 of the Kyoto Protocol
The EU will not wait
Proposal to include aviation into the EU ETS (end 2006)
CO2 and cars (end 2006) Energy package (beginning 2007):
renewables, biofuels, clean coal EU ETS review (mid 2007) CCS (2nd half 2007)
Ad Hoc Working Group on Article 3.9 of the Kyoto Protocol
Complementing carbon finance: The Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fund (GEEREF)
Launched in early Oct 2006
EU initial contribution of € 80 million over 4 years risk capital for local private sector
Mobilise between € 300 million – € 1 billion commercial capital
Potential to complement carbon finance
Ad Hoc Working Group on Article 3.9 of the Kyoto Protocol
Work of the AWG
The EU is looking forward to constructively contributing to further work in the AWG
All issues of relevance to the consideration of further commitments for Annex I countries should be analysed
Make best use of time available to ensure that there‘s no gap before next commitment periods
Ad Hoc Working Group on Article 3.9 of the Kyoto Protocol
Conclusions
Urgent need for joint global efforts to reduce GHG emissions in all major economies
Build on the Kyoto Protocol – improve as necessary – including deeper reductions by all developed countries – the EU is ready to do its part
All sectors (esp. bunker fuels and deforestation) and more gases should be included
Deploy and develop technologies on a larger scale
Cooperate in adapting to unavoided climate change
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