Baseball and the Law
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Carolina Academic PressLaw Advisory Board
❦
Gary J. Simson, ChairmanMercer University School of Law
Raj BhalaUniversity of Kansas School of Law
Davison M. DouglasDean, Marshall-Wythe School of Law,
College of William and Mary
Paul FinkelmanAlbany Law School
Robert M. JarvisShepard Broad College of LawNova Southeastern University
Linda JellumMercer University School of Law
Vincent R. JohnsonSt. Mary’s University School of Law
Peter NicolasUniversity of Washington School of Law
Michael A. OlivasUniversity of Houston Law Center
Kenneth L. PortWilliam Mitchell College of Law
H. Jefferson PowellDuke University School of Law
Suzanne RoweUniversity of Oregon School of Law
Michael P. ScharfCase Western Reserve University School of Law
Michael Hunter SchwartzDean, William H. Bowen School of LawUniversity of Arkansas at Little Rock
Peter M. ShaneMichael E. Moritz College of Law
The Ohio State University
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Baseball and the Law
Cases and Materials
Louis H. SchiffJudge of the County Court— Broward County, Florida
andAdjunct Professor of Law
Mitchell | Hamline School of Law
Robert M. JarvisProfessor of Law
Nova Southeastern University
Carolina Academic PressDurham, North Carolina
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Copyright © 2016Carolina Academic PressAll Rights Reserved
ISBN 978-1-61163-502-7LCCN 2015955459
Carolina Academic Press700 Kent StreetDurham, North Carolina 27701Telephone (919) 489-7486Fax (919) 493-5668www.cap-press.com
Printed in the United States of America
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To my mom and dad, Sally and Mel Schiff,for teaching me the love of baseball
and encouraging me to pursue a career in law
L.H.S.
For Rachel, Misty, and Jennifer
R.M.J.
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“It’s a great day for a ball game. Let’s play two!”
— Chicago Cubs shortstop and Hall of Famer Ernie Banks
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Table of Contents
Table of Cases xv
Preface xxv
Chapter 1 · Introduction 3A. America’s National Pastimes: Baseball and the Law 3
Roger I. Abrams, Even the Best Lawyers Must Know Baseball 3Notes 3
Howard W. Brill, Baseball and the Legal Profession 10Notes 13
Mahn v. Harwood 16Notes 17
B. Early Baseball Labor- Management Disputes 18Metropolitan Exhibition Co. v. Ward 18
Notes 23Baltimore Baseball Club v. Pickett 24
Notes 26Griffin v. Brooklyn Ball Club 27
Notes 33Philadelphia Ball Club v. Lajoie 34
Notes 38American League Baseball Club of Chicago v. Chase 39
Notes 49C. Baseball and the Nation’s Anti- Trust Laws 50
Federal Baseball Club of Baltimore, Inc. v. National League of Professional Baseball Clubs 50Notes 51
Toolson v. New York Yankees, Inc. 53Notes 56
Flood v. Kuhn 61Notes 73
Chapter 2 · Commissioners 79A. Antecedents 79
Metropolitan Base Ball Association v. Simmons 79Notes 83
O’Connor v. St. Louis American League Baseball Co. 84Notes 89
American League Baseball Club of New York v. Johnson 90Notes 96
vii
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B. Responsibilities 981. Player Conduct 98
(a) Gambling 98State of Illinois v. Cicotte 98Notes 99
Rose v. Giamatti 107Notes 111
(b) Drugs 112Major League Baseball Players Association v. Commissioner of Major League Baseball (Howe) 112Notes 128
Major League Baseball Players Association v. Office of the Commissioner of Baseball (Rodriguez) 131Notes 148
(c) Off- Field Behavior 155Major League Baseball Players Association v. Commissioner of
Major League Baseball (Rocker) 155Notes 166
2. Owner Conduct 170Atlanta National League Baseball Club, Inc. v. Kuhn 170
Notes 183Steinbrenner v. Esquire Reporting Company, Inc. 186
Notes 1963. Competitive Balance 198
Milwaukee American Association v. Landis 198Notes 205
Charles O. Finley & Co., Inc. v. Kuhn 207Notes 213
Chicago National League Ball Club, Inc. v. Vincent 214Notes 220
4. Operations 223Ludtke v. Kuhn 223
Notes 234Office of the Commissioner of Baseball v. World Umpires
Association 237Notes 242
5. Marketing 250Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. v. Opening Day
Productions, Inc. 250Notes 259
ESPN, Inc. v. Office of the Commissioner of Baseball 260Notes 270
Chapter 3 · Teams 275A. Ownership 275
1. Formation 275Morsani v. Major League Baseball 275
Notes 278Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Ltd. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue 281
Notes 287
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2. Sales 287Farmer v. Hersh 287
Notes 289Atlantic City Professional Baseball Club, Inc. v. Rodman 291
Notes 295In re Texas Rangers Baseball Partners 296
Notes 3023. Relocations 304
State v. Milwaukee Braves, Inc. 304Notes 318
Hollywood Baseball Association v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue 321Notes 330
City of San Jose v. Office of the Commissioner of Baseball 332Notes 336
Selig v. United States 337Notes 346
4. Dissolution 348Canadian American Association of Professional Baseball, Ltd.
v. Ottawa Rapidz 348Notes 355
Metropolitan Sports Facilities Commission v. Minnesota Twins Partnership 356Notes 365
B. Nicknames 366Las Vegas Diamondbacks, Inc. v. Arizona Diamondbacks, Inc. 366
Notes 369City of Anaheim v. Angels Baseball, L.P. 374
Notes 390Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. v. Sed Non Olet Denarius, Ltd. 392
Notes 410C. Broadcast Rights 413
Pittsburgh Athletic Co. v. KQV Broadcasting Co. 413Notes 417
Baltimore Orioles, Inc. v. Major League Baseball Players Association 418Notes 428
In re Los Angeles Dodgers LLC 428Notes 437
Laumann v. National Hockey League 439Notes 450
TCR Sports Broadcasting Holding, LLP v. Washington Nationals Baseball Club 453Notes 458
Chapter 4 · Stadiums 461A. Construction 461
1. Funding 461Savage v. State 461
Notes 4742. Location 484
Southeast Land Development Associates, L.P. v. District of Columbia 484Notes 490
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3. Transparency 493Shapiro v. San Diego City Council 493
Notes 500B. Operations 501
1. Internal 501City of New York v. New York Yankees 501
Notes 504Schoeneck v. Chicago National League Ball Club, Inc. 506
Notes 510Adams v. Detroit Tigers, Inc. 513
Notes 5172. External 521
Green v. Garrett 521Notes 527
Chicago National League Ball Club, Inc. v. Thompson 528Notes 534
Lewis v. Colorado Rockies Baseball Club, Ltd. 536Notes 544
C. Spectators 5461. Conduct 546
Swiecicki v. Delgado 546Notes 556
Hering v. New York Yankees 559Notes 561
2. Dangers 564Cunningham v. Rogers 564
Notes 566Fish v. Los Angeles Dodgers Baseball Club 568
Notes 575Martinez v. Houston McLane Company 576
Notes 585Coomer v. Kansas City Royals Baseball Corporation 586
Notes 599Baker v. Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. 602
Notes 606
Chapter 5 · Players 609A. Discrimination 609
Niemiec v. Seattle Rainier Baseball Club, Inc. 609Notes 616
Moran v. Selig 623Notes 627
Camacho v. Major League Baseball 637Notes 642
B. Compensation 6511. Salaries 651
Kansas City Royals Baseball Corp. v. Major League Baseball Players Association 651Notes 665
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Silverman v. Major League Baseball Player Relations Committee, Inc. 672Notes 680
Silverman v. Major League Baseball Player Relations Committee, Inc. 682Notes 689
Major League Baseball Players Association v. Garvey 694Notes 697
2. Endorsements 716Pirone v. MacMillan, Inc. 716
Notes 7213. Taxes 725
Backman v. Department of Revenue 725Notes 730
United States v. Strawberry 736Notes 739
4. Asset Protection 740Cordero v. Mora 740
Notes 742In re Marriage of Bonds 745
Notes 753J.H. v. Brown 757
Notes 7655. Agents 770
Speakers of Sport, Inc. v. Proserv, Inc. 770Notes 774
C. Injuries 778Maddox v. City of New York 778
Notes 781Brocail v. Detroit Tigers, Inc. 788
Notes 799
Chapter 6 · Fans 803A. Tickets 803
1. Pricing 803Abosh v. New York Yankees, Inc. 803
Notes 804Colorado Cross- Disability Coalition v. Colorado Rockies
Baseball Club, Ltd. 809Notes 816
2. Rights and Duties 818Davidson v. Toronto Blue Jays Baseball Ltd. 818
Notes 825McCoy v. Major League Baseball 826
Notes 830People v. Rishel 831
Notes 8363. Resales 838
Levine v. Brooklyn National League Baseball Club, Inc. 838Notes 841
Lainer v. City of Boston 841
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Notes 845Weinstein v. eBay, Inc. 847
Notes 8544. “Knotholers” 856
Detroit Base- Ball Club v. Deppert 856Notes 859
Right Field Rooftops, LLC v. Chicago Baseball Holdings, LLC 862Notes 877
B. Souvenirs 8781. Ownership 878
In re Marriage of Keedy 878Notes 881
Cohn v. Corinthian Colleges, Inc. 885Notes 888
Popov v. Hayashi 891Notes 898
2. Consumer Protection 902Blumstein v. Sports Immortals, Inc. 902
Notes 905Gentry v. eBay, Inc. 907
Notes 912C. Betting 913
State v. Lawrence 913Notes 915
Miller v. United States 916Notes 919
Chaset v. Fleer/Skybox International, LP 921Notes 923
Humphrey v. Viacom, Inc. 923Notes 931
Office of the Commissioner of Baseball v. Markell 933Notes 935
Chapter 7 · Amateurs 937A. Eligibility 937
1. Age 937Pottgen v. Missouri State High School Activities Association 937
Notes 9432. Residency 944
In re University Interscholastic League 944Notes 946
3. Gender 949National Organization for Women, Essex County Chapter v.
Little League Baseball, Inc. 949Notes 956
Landow v. School Board of Brevard County 958Notes 966
B. Risks 967Yeaman v. Hillerich & Bradsby Co. 967
Notes 975
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Shartz v. Miulli 976Notes 982
C. Officiating 983Coletti v. Florida High School Athletic Association, Inc. 983
Notes 986D. Supervision 986
Swanson v. Wabash College 986Notes 991
Primrose v. Amelia Little League 992Notes 994
Forrester v. WVTM TV, Inc. 995Notes 999
State v. Stoughton 1001Notes 1003
Index 1007
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Table of Cases
Principal cases are in bold
A. G. Spalding & Bros., Inc. v. F.T.C., 18A.V. ex rel. Valichka v. Pennsgrove/ Carneys
Point Regional School District, 983Abosh v. New York Yankees, Inc., 803, 806Access Now, Inc. v. South Florida Stadium
Corp., 816Adams v. Detroit Tigers, Inc., 513Allegheny Baseball Club v. Bennett, 23Alvarado v. Stander, 245Alwine v. Buzz, 198American and National Leagues of Profes-
sional Baseball Clubs v. Major LeagueBaseball Players Ass’n, 672
American Association of Base- Ball Club ofKansas City v. Pickett, 27
American League Baseball Club of Chicagov. Chase, 39
American League Baseball Club of NewYork v. Johnson, 90
American League Baseball Club of New Yorkv. Pasquel, 644
Anderson v. Baseball Club of Seattle, 846Anderson v. Little League Baseball, Inc., 983Application of Roberts, 666Arnold v. Cincinnati Sportservice, Inc., 546Ashby v. Underwriters at Lloyd’s, 801Assmus v. Little League Baseball, Inc., 948Astacio v. Astacio, 755Atlanta Baseball Co. v. Lawrence, 557Atlanta National League Baseball Club, Inc.
v. F.F., 586Atlanta National League Baseball Club, Inc.
v. Kuhn, 170Atlantic City Professional Baseball Club,
Inc. v. Rodman, 291Aubrey v. City of Cincinnati, 557
Averill v. Luttrell, 783Avila v. Citrus Community College District,
782
B.R. v. Little League Baseball, Inc., 1003Backman v. Department of Revenue, 725Baggs v. Little League Baseball, Inc., 958Baker v. Major League Baseball Properties,
Inc., 602Baltimore Baseball Club v. Pickett, 24Baltimore Orioles, Inc. v. Major League
Baseball Players Association, 418, 428,723
Baseball at Trotwood, LLC v. Dayton Pro-fessional Baseball Club, LLC, 291
Baseball Display Co. v. Star Ballplayer Co.,417
Baseball Office of the Commissioner v.Marsh & McLennan, Inc., 280
Baseball Players’ Fraternity, Inc. v. BostonAmerican League Baseball Club, 665
Baseball Quick, LLC v. MLB AdvancedMedia L.P., 17
Battaglia v. Stephens, 890Bellecourt v. City of Cleveland, 372Bertocci v. Indoor Sports Management, Inc.,
975Bickett v. Buffalo Bills, Inc., 826Blumstein v. Sports Immortals, Inc., 902Board of Education of the City of S. ex rel.
S.R. v. New Jersey State InterscholasticAthletic Ass’n, 944
Bonilla v. Bonilla, 755Boston Red Sox Baseball Club Ltd. Part-
nership v. Sherman, 410Bowman Gum, Inc. v. Topps Chewing
Gum, Inc., 882Brandes v. City of Deerfield Beach, 477
xv
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Brocail v. Detroit Tigers, Inc., 788Brooklyn Baseball Club v. McGuire, 38Brooklyn National League Baseball Club v.
Pasquel, 644Brooks ex rel. Estate of Bell v. Topps Co.,
Inc., 882Brown v. Board of Education, 635Buday v. New York Yankees Partnership, 410Bukowski v. Clarkson University, 782Butterworth v. National League of Profes-
sional Baseball Clubs, 278
C.B.C. Distribution and Marketing, Inc. v.Major League Baseball AdvancedMedia, L.P., 723, 932
Calderon v. Baker Concrete Construction,Inc., 518
Camacho v. Major League Baseball, 637 Campeau- Laurion v. Kelly, 557Canadian American Association of Profes-
sional Baseball, Ltd. v. Ottawa Rapidz,348
Cardtoons, L.C. v. Major League BaseballPlayers Ass’n, 723, 882
Carlson v. Town of South Kingstown, 1005Cavers v. Houston McLane Co., Inc., 801Cavoto v. Chicago National League Ball
Club, Inc., 846Central Manufacturing Inc. v. Brett, 975Cepeda v. Cowles Magazines & Broadcast-
ing, Inc., 236Cepeda v. Swift & Co., 723CFI Sales & Marketing, Ltd. v. Florida Mar-
lins Baseball, Ltd., 831Charlebois v. Angels Baseball, LP, 816Charles O. Finley & Co., Inc. v. Kuhn, 207Charlton v. Champaign Park District, 825Chaset v. Fleer/ Skybox International, LP,
921Chasnoff v. Mokwa, 855Chen v. Major League Baseball Properties,
Inc., 517Chicago National League Ball Club, Inc. v.
Thompson, 528Chicago National League Ball Club, Inc. v.
Vincent, 214Cincinnati Entertainment Ass’n, Ltd. v.
Hamilton County Board of Commis-sioners, 491
Cincinnati Exhibition Co. v. Marsans, 49City of Anaheim v. Angels Baseball, L.P.,
374City of Cincinnati v. Cincinnati Reds, 504City of Coral Springs v. Rippe, 1005City of Jackson v. Hersh, 289City of Jacksonville v. Raulerson, 975City of New York v. New York Yankees, 501City of San Diego v. Dunkl, 500City of San Jose v. Office of the Commis-
sioner of Baseball, 332City of Seattle v. Charlesworth, 855City of Seattle v. Kosterman, 855Claim of Weaver, 236CLEAN v. State, 477Clemens v. McNamee, 152Cleveland Indians Baseball Co., L.P. v. New
Hampshire Ins. Co., 567Club 400 v. State ex rel. Thetford, 923CMG Worldwide, Inc. v. Upper Deck Co.,
Inc., 882Cohen v. City of Philadelphia, 477Cohn v. Corinthian Colleges, Inc., 885Coletti v. Florida High School Athletic As-
sociation, Inc., 983Colon v. Strawberry, 739Colorado Cross- Disability Coalition v. Col-
orado Rockies Baseball Club, Ltd., 809Commonwealth v. Meyers, 5Commonwealth ex rel. Woodruff v. Amer-
ican Baseball Club of Philadelphia, 6Compton v. National League of Professional
Baseball Clubs, 244Continental Casualty Co. v. City of South
Daytona, 1005Coomer v. Kansas City Royals Baseball Cor-
poration, 586Corbett v. Chandler, 57Cordero v. Mora, 740Correa v. City of New York, 520Corzine v. Little League Baseball, Inc., 958Costa v. Boston Red Sox Baseball Club, 585Cottage Savings Ass’n v. Commissioner, 697Council of City of New York v. Giuliani,
477County of Brevard v. Miorelli Engineering,
Inc., 478Cox v. Arizona League of Professional Base-
ball Clubs, 244
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Cox v. City of Atlanta, 520Crane v. Kansas City Baseball & Exhibition
Co., 576Crook v. Commonwealth, 6Cuesta v. Immaculate Conception Roman
Catholic Church, 1005Cunningham v. Rogers, 564
Davidson v. Toronto Blue Jays Baseball Ltd.,818
Davis v. Atlantic League of ProfessionalBaseball Clubs, Inc., 244
DePiano v. Montreal Baseball Club, Ltd.,800
Detroit Base- Ball Club v. Deppert, 856,861
Detroit Tigers v. Castillo, 801DiMuro v. Industrial Commission of Ari-
zona, 245Donchez v. Coors Brewing Co., 520Donohue v. City of North Augusta, 484Dorsey v. Pittsburgh Associates, 520Duncan v. Tangipahoa Parish Council, 1003Duran v. Oak Lawn Community High
School District No. 229, 982
Ellison v. Kentucky Farm Bureau MutualInsurance Co., 1005
ESPN, Inc. v. Office of the Commissionerof Baseball, 260
Esposito v. New Britain Baseball Club, Inc.,528
Estate of Mantle v. Rothgeb, 723Everything Baseball Ltd., LLC v. Team Ath-
letic Goods, Inc., 17Ex parte Nall, 975
Farmer v. Hersh, 287Federal Baseball Club of Baltimore, Inc. v.
National League of Professional Base-ball Clubs, 50, 665
Felder v. Physiotherapy Associates, 800Fielder v. Weinstein Design Group, Inc.,
723, 766Finnesey v. Seattle Baseball Club, Inc., 825,
826Fish v. Los Angeles Dodgers Baseball Club,
568Fisher v. Maricopa County Stadium Dis-
trict, 501
Fitl v. Strek, 913Fleer Corp. v. Topps Chewing Gum, Inc.,
882Flood v. Kuhn, 61Florida Marlins Baseball Club, LLC v. Cer-
tain Underwriters at Lloyd’s, 801Florida Sportservice, Inc. v. City of Miami,
546Forrester v. WVTM TV, Inc., 995 Foster v. Shubert Holding Co., 826Francis v. New York Yankees Partnership,
607Fricano v. Chicago White Sox, Ltd., 556
Garber v. Office of the Commissioner ofBaseball, 439
Garcia v. Chapman, 650Gardella v. Chandler, 57, 644Gemignani v. Philadelphia Phillies National
League Baseball Club, Inc., 800Gentry v. eBay, Inc., 907George H. Ruth Candy Co. v. Curtiss Candy
Co., 721Gionfriddo v. Major League Baseball, 723Giraudo v. Buckley, 567Golden West Baseball Co. v. Talley, 505Graham v. Ambridge Area School District,
1003Greater Miami Baseball Club Ltd. Partner-
ship v. Selig, 330Green v. Garrett, 521Greenberg v. Sterling Doubleday Enterprises,
L.P., 899Gregg v. National League of Professional
Baseball Clubs, 244Griffin v. Brooklyn Ball Club, 27Griggs v. United States, 734Gutkowski v. Steinbrenner, 452
Haelen Labs. v. Topps Chewing Gum, 723,882
Hamilton v. Commonwealth, 1003Hanna Mfg. Co. v. Hillerich & Bradsby Co.,
723Harden v. Caravel Academy, Inc., 1005Hart v. Engler, 477Hart v. New York Yankees Partnership, 370Hartzog v. New York Yankees, 801Hawley v. Binghamton Mets Baseball Club,
Inc., 784
TABLE OF CASES xvii
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Haymon v. Pettit, 902Heaney v. Costigan, 556Hendricks v. Clemson University, 948Hering v. New York Yankees, 559Herman v. Admit One Ticket Agency LLC,
846Hernandez v. Childers, 777Herrera v. Chisox Corp., 845Hickey v. National League of Professional
Baseball Clubs, 245Hickman v. Little League Baseball, Inc., 1003Hill v. State of Michigan, 1003Hills v. Bridgeview Little League Ass’n, 994Hirschbeck v. Office of Commissioner of
Baseball, 245Hollywood Baseball Association v. Com-
missioner of Internal Revenue, 321Holway v. Negro Leagues Baseball Museum,
Inc., 629Holzhausen v. Bi- State Development
Agency, 607Hornsby v. Commissioner, 730Hornung v. Commissioner, 734Houston McLane Co., Inc. v. Connecticut
General Life Insurance Co., 801Howe v. Detroit Free Press, Inc., 236Humphrey v. Viacom, Inc., 923Hutchinson Baseball Enterprises, Inc. v.
Commissioner of Internal Revenue,1005
IBEW Local 68 v. Denver MetropolitanMajor League Baseball Stadium Dis-trict, 501
In re Anaheim Angels Baseball Club, Inc., 800In re Baseball Bat Antitrust Litigation, 975In re Dowdell, 923In re International Baseball Association, 948In re Lehigh Valley Professional Sports Club,
Inc., 291In re Los Angeles Dodgers LLC, 428In re Major League Baseball Players Alumni
Ass’n, 411In re Marriage of Bonds, 745In re Marriage of Keedy, 878In re Monus, 392In re Rupp, 5In re Slawson’s Estate, 755In re Strawberry, 739In re Texas Rangers Baseball Partners, 296
In re Trombetta, 916In re University Interscholastic League, 944In the Matter of the Petition of Casino Li-
censees for Approval of a New Game,Rulemaking, and Authorization of aTest, 936
Indiana High School Athletic Ass’n, Inc. v.Reyes, 944
Inquiry Concerning a Judge (Luzzo), 846Interstate Business Men’s Accident Ass’n v.
Greene, 801
J.A. v. Little League Baseball, 1003J.D. 1 ex rel. Dixon v. Mississippi High
School Activities Ass’n, Inc., 947J.H. v. Brown, 757Jackie Robinson West Little League v. Lit-
tle League International, 948Jackson v. Downey, 528Jacksonville Bulls Football, Ltd. v. Blatt, 826Jacob Maxwell, Inc. v. Veeck, 521Jacobs v. Halper, 913James v. City of Long Beach, 826Jansen v. Hilo Packing Co., 723Johnson v. Doodson Insurance Brokerage,
LLC, 567Jones v. Southeast Alabama Baseball Um-
pires Ass’n, 983
Kansas City Royals Baseball Corp. v. Di-rector of Revenue, 889
Kansas City Royals Baseball Corp. v. MajorLeague Baseball Players Association,651
Kaplan v. Little League Baseball, Inc., 958Kaplan v. Vincent, 237Keck v. Scharf, 825Keesee v. Freeman, 562Kelly v. Marylanders for Sports Sanity, Inc.,
477King v. Burris, 246Kosher Sports, Inc. v. Queens Ballpark
Company, LLC, 546Kowalski v. Chandler, 57Kreitenberg v. Los Alamitos Unified School
District, 1003Kuebler v. Kuebler, 755
Ladd v. Uecker, 236Lainer v. City of Boston, 841
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Landow v. School Board of Brevard County,958
Laramore v. Illinois Sports Facilities Au-thority, 491
LaRocca v. Pleasant Valley Little League,1005
Las Vegas Diamondbacks, Inc. v. ArizonaDiamondbacks, Inc., 366
Laumann v. National Hockey League, 439,451
Lawyer v. Borders, 1003Lechnir v. Wells, 484Lee v. National League Baseball Club of Mil-
waukee, Inc., 899Lee v. Ziglar, 650Left Field Media LLC v. City of Chicago,
545Leonard v. Delaware North Cos. Sport Ser-
vice, Inc., 518Leong v. San Francisco Parking, Inc., 563Levering v. Williams, 5Levin v. Commissioner of Revenue, 777Levine v. Brooklyn National League Base-
ball Club, Inc., 838 Lewis v. Colorado Rockies Baseball Club,
Ltd., 536 Lewis v. Milwaukee Brewers Baseball Club,
L.P., 520Lieberman v. Saddle River Township, 528Little League Baseball, Inc. v. Daytona Beach
Little League, Inc., 958Loaiza v. Loaiza, 755Loyola Marymount University v. Hartford
Accident & Indemnity Co., 1005Ludtke v. Kuhn, 223
Mack v. New York Yankees Partnership, 607MacLean v. First Northwest Industries of
America, Inc., 806Maddox v. City of New York, 778, 784 Magielski v. Sheriff of St. Lucie County, 561Mahn v. Harwood, 16 Main Street Baseball, LLC v. Binghamton
Mets Baseball Club, Inc., 290Major League Baseball v. Butterworth, 365Major League Baseball v. Crist, 279, 365Major League Baseball v. Morsani, 280Major League Baseball Players Ass’n v. Dad’s
Kid Corp., 882
Major League Baseball Players Associationv. Commissioner of Major LeagueBaseball (Howe), 112
Major League Baseball Players Associationv. Commissioner of Major LeagueBaseball (Rocker), 155
Major League Baseball Players Associationv. Garvey, 694
Major League Baseball Players Associationv. Office of the Commissioner of Base-ball (Rodriguez), 131
Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. v.Opening Day Productions, Inc., 250
Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. v.Pacific Trading Cards, Inc., 882
Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. v.Salvino, Inc., 411
Major League Baseball Properties, Inc. v.Sed Non Olet Denarius, Ltd., 392
Major League Umpires Association v. Amer-ican League of Professional BaseballClubs, 243
Mandel v. Brooklyn National League Base-ball Club, 841
Marquez v. Gomez, 975Marshall v. Marshall, 756Martin v. City of Philadelphia, 477Martinez v. Houston McLane Company,
576 Marucci Sports, L.L.C. v. National Colle-
giate Athletic Ass’n, 975Mayhugh v. State, 585Mayor and City Council of Baltimore v. Bal-
timore Football Club Inc., 319McCabe v. City of New York, 975McCoy v. Major League Baseball, 826 McElroy v. Pernell, 1003McKee v. Gilg, 561Media Sports League, Inc. v. Commissioner
of Internal Revenue, 1005Metcalf v. Town of Northbridge, 528Metropolitan Base Ball Association v. Sim-
mons, 79 Metropolitan Exhibition Co. v. Ewing, 23Metropolitan Exhibition Co. v. Ward, 18Metropolitan Sports Facilities Commission
v. Minnesota Twins Partnership, 356 Miles v. Montreal Baseball Club, 801Miller v. Pittsburgh Athletic Co., 837Miller v. United States, 916
TABLE OF CASES xix
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Milwaukee American Association v. Lan-dis, 198
Milwaukee Brewers Baseball Club v. Wis-consin Department of Health and So-cial Services, 528
Minnesota Twins Partnership v. Commis-sioner of Revenue, 889
Mirabelle v. Prospect Little League, Inc.,948
Miranda v. Selig, 206Mississippi High School Activities Ass’n,
Inc. v. Farris, 986Montefusco v. ESPN, Inc., 236Moran v. Selig, 623 Morsani v. Major League Baseball, 275 Morse v. Ripken, 756Moschenross v. St. Louis County, 477Murray v. Town of Hudson, 975Muzikowski v. Paramount Pictures Corp.,
1005
Nathans v. Offerman, 783National Collegiate Athletic Ass’n v. Christie,
936National Exhibition Co. v. Fass, 417National Organization for Women, Essex
County Chapter v. Little League Base-ball, Inc., 949
New York State Division of Human Rightsv. New York- Pennsylvania ProfessionalBaseball League, 244
Newcombe v. Adolf Coors Co., 723Nickelson v. State ex rel. Blitch, 5Niemiec v. Seattle Rainier Baseball Club,
Inc., 609 Nilon Bros. Enterprises v. Lucente, 546Norton v. Anderson, 755Norwell v. Cincinnati, 846
O’Boyle v. Little League Baseball, Inc., 975 O’Connor v. St. Louis American League
Baseball Co., 84 Office of the Commissioner of Baseball v.
Markell, 933 Office of the Commissioner of Baseball v.
World Umpires Association, 237 O’Hara v. Chicago Title & Trust Co., 825Oliver v. National Collegiate Athletic Ass’n,
777
Ollier v. Sweetwater Union High SchoolDistrict, 966
OneBeacon America Insurance Co. v. Cityof Zion, Illinois, 484
Padres L.P. v. Henderson, 500Painter v. State, 923Parks v. Steinbrenner, 245Passante v. McWilliam, 882Pathman v. Grey Flannel Auctions, Inc., 913People v. Cole, 1003People v. Novak, 1003People v. Rishel, 831 People v. Trabucchi, 846Philadelphia Ball Club v. Lajoie, 34 Philadelphia Ball Club, Ltd. v. Hallman, 23Phillips v. Selig, 243Piazza v. Major League Baseball, 278Pilot Air Freight Corporation v. City of Buf-
falo, 482Pirone v. MacMillan, Inc., 716 Pittsburgh Athletic Co. v. KQV Broad-
casting Co., 413 Pittsburgh Baseball, Inc. v. Stadium Au-
thority of City of Pittsburgh, 348Platinum Links Entertainment v. Atlantic
City Surf Professional Baseball Club,Inc., 295
Plessy v. Ferguson, 628Pomeroy v. Little League Baseball of
Collingswood, 1005Popov v. Hayashi, 891Postema v. National League of Professional
Baseball Clubs, 244Pottgen v. Missouri State High School Ac-
tivities Association, 937 Primrose v. Amelia Little League, 992 Prince William Professional Baseball Club,
Inc. v. Boulton, 291ProBatter Sports, LLC v. Sports Tutor, Inc.,
17Professional Sports, Inc. v. Gillette Secu-
rity, Inc., 563Puerto Rico Amateur Baseball Federation
v. USA Baseball, 948
Rasmussen v. Rasmussen, 755Ratledge v. Perdue, 800Ravelo Monegro v. Rosa, 1003
xx TABLE OF CASES
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Rector v. Major League Baseball AdvancedMedia, 236
Reebok International Ltd. v. McLaughlin,740
Reed- Jennings v. Baseball Club of Seattle,L.P., 600
Reyes v. City of New York, 1005Ricci v. DeStefano, 692Right Field Rooftops, LLC v. Chicago Base-
ball Holdings, LLC, 862 Right Field Rooftops, LLC v. Chicago Cubs
Baseball Club, LLC, 877Ritter v. Shamas, 755Robbins v. Kentucky High School Athletic
Ass’n, 947Robert Siegel, Inc. v. District of Columbia,
490Roper v. City of Clearwater, 477Rose v. Giamatti, 107 Ruff v. Board of Directors of Alliance Hot
Stove League, 1005Ruffino v. New York City Transit Author-
ity, 608Rung v. Pittsburgh Associates, LP, 607Runge v. National League of Baseball, 245Ruth v. Educational Films, Inc., 721Ryan v. Volpone Stamp Co., Inc., 723
Salerno v. American League of ProfessionalBaseball Clubs, 52, 243
Salerno v. Kuhn, 53San Francisco Baseball Associates, L.P. v.
Ravelo Monegro, 1003Sarasota Citizens for Responsible Govern-
ment v. City of Sarasota, 501Savage v. State, 461 Schneider v. City of Jackson, 501Schoeneck v. Chicago National League Ball
Club, Inc., 506 Score Board, Inc. v. Upper Deck Co., 725Scott v. State, 975Seko Air Freight, Inc. v. Transworld Sys-
tems, Inc., 830Selig v. United States, 337 Senne v. Kansas City Royals Baseball Corp.,
206Shamsky v. Garan, Inc., 723Shapiro v. San Diego City Council, 493 Shartz v. Miulli, 976
Shenkman v. O’Malley, 198Sielicki v. New York Yankees, 801Silverman v. Major League Baseball Player
Relations Committee, Inc., 672, 682 Simmons v. United States, 734Singley v. Smith, 10Sisson v. Virginia High School League, Inc.,
943Smith v. McMullen, 198Smith & Edwards v. Golden Spike Little
League, 1003Snider v. Cleveland Indians Baseball Co.,
564Soderholm v. Chicago National League Ball
Club, Inc., 825Solares v. City of Miami, 477Soule v. Town of Colonie, 528South Shore Baseball, LLC v. DeJesus, 586Southeast Land Development Associates,
L.P. v. District of Columbia, 484 Southport Little League v. Vaughan, 1003Spahn v. Julian Messner, Inc., 723Speakers of Sport, Inc. v. Proserv, Inc., 770 Sportservice Corp. v. Pittsburgh Athletic
Co. Inc., 546SSG Baseball, LLC v. Select Sports Group,
LLC, 774State v. Hayes, 906State v. Hogriever, 5State v. Jimenez, 1003State v. Lawrence, 913 State v. Milwaukee Braves, Inc., 304 State v. O’Rourk, 5State v. Postorino, 919State v. Powell, 5State v. Regan, 913State v. Stoughton, 1001 State v. Warner, 906State ex rel. Bowers v. Scott, 1003State of Illinois v. Cicotte, 98 State of Washington v. American League of
Professional Baseball Clubs, 348Steele v. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.,
521Stefanoni v. Darien Little League, Inc., 1003Steinbrenner v. Esquire Reporting Com-
pany, Inc., 186 Sterling Industries v. Ball Bearing Pen Corp.,
667
TABLE OF CASES xxi
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Stineman v. Fontbonne College, 991Stow v. Los Angeles Dodgers, 608Sundra v. St. Louis American League Base-
ball Club, 618Swanson v. Wabash College, 986 SWB Yankees LLC v. Wintermantel, 501Sweeney v. City of Bettendorf, 976Swiecicki v. Delgado, 546 Swingaway Sports Products, Inc. v. Escalade,
Inc., 17
Tacopina v. O’Keeffe, 236Talladega Little League, Inc. v. Anderson,
943Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Ltd. v. Commis-
sioner of Internal Revenue, 281 Tampa Bay Devil Rays, Ltd. v. Standard Se-
curity Life Insurance Co. of New York,801
Tarantino v. Queens Ballpark CompanyLLC, 600
TCR Sports Broadcasting Holding, LLP v.Washington Nationals Baseball Club,453
TCR Sports Broadcasting Holding, LLP v.WN Partner, LLC, 458, 459
Thayer v. Spaulding, 5The Sparta Group, Inc. v. Morgan Stanley
Smith Barney, LLC, 774Thiel v. Louisiana High School Athletic
Ass’n, 982Thomas v. Kearney Little League Baseball
Ass’n, 1003Thomas Jefferson University v. Shalala, 697Tiger Stadium Fan Club, Inc. v. Governor,
477Times Publishing Company, Inc. v. City of
St. Petersburg, 501Toledo Mud Hens Baseball Club, Inc. v.
Mudhen Espresso, Inc., 370Toolson v. New York Yankees, Inc., 53, 57 Toone v. Adams, 245, 246Topps Chewing Gum, Inc. v. Fleer Corp.,
882Truex v. Hearst Communications, Inc., 236Twin City Sportservice, Inc. v. Charles O.
Finley & Co., Inc., 546
Uhlaender v. Henricksen, 723
United Church of Christ v. Gateway Eco-nomic Development Corp. of GreaterCleveland, Inc., 372
United States v. Bonds, 150, 698United States v. Cleveland Indians Baseball
Co., 697United States v. Comprehensive Drug Test-
ing, Inc., 149United States v. Dominguez, 650United States v. McLain, 740United States v. Mount, 855United States v. Roberts, 1003United States v. Spira, 197United States v. Strawberry, 736 USA Baseball v. City of New York, 975
Vaughn v. Commonwealth, Department ofPublic Welfare, 975
Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton, 983Villone v. Villone, 755
Wallace v. Kato, 556Walsh v. St. Louis National Baseball Club,
Inc., 826Warren v. United States Specialty Sports
Ass’n, 986Washington v. Baenziger, 777Washington Nationals Baseball Club, LLC v.
TCR Sports Broadcasting Holding, LLP,458
Washington State Major League BaseballStadium Public Facilities District v.Huber, Hunt & Nichols- Kiewit Con-struction Co., 478
Watson v. Avery, 17Watts v. Thompson, 477Wayne Baseball, Inc. v. Commissioner, 1005Weegham v. Killefer, 49Wein v. St. Lucie County, Florida, 816Weinstein v. eBay, Inc., 847 Welch v. Young, 1005West v. Sundown Little League of Stockton,
Inc., 975White v. Kolinsky, 777Williams v. The MLB Network, Inc., 994Wills v. Commissioner, 733Wilson Sporting Goods Co. v. Hickox, 245Winner v. Winner, 755
xxii TABLE OF CASES
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Wisconsin Department of Revenue v. Mil-waukee Brewers Baseball, 889
Wolf v. Rawlings Sporting Goods Co., Inc.,783
Woodford v. City of St. Petersburg, 528,902
Woy v. Turner, 775Wright v. Bonds, 775Wright v. SunTrust Bank, Inc., 777
Yanero v. Davis, 975Yeaman v. Hillerich & Bradsby Co., 967 Young v. Swirsky, 913
Zachardy v. Geneva College, 783Zimbauer v. Milwaukee Orthopaedic Group,
Ltd., 800Zona v. Clark University, 983
TABLE OF CASES xxiii
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xxv
* We know of 13 such schools: Capital University, Case Western Reserve University, Hamline Uni-versity, Harvard University, IIT Chicago- Kent College of Law, Massachusetts School of Law, RutgersUniversity— Camden, South Texas College of Law, Texas Southern University, University of Arkansas—Fayetteville, University of Houston, University of Michigan, and University of Virginia.
Preface
Due to the lack of an organizing text, only a handful of law schools have ever of-fered a “Baseball and the Law” course.* We hope this casebook helps lead to a muchlonger list.
No book of any sort is ever the work of just the individuals whose names appear onthe cover. This one is no exception. We are particularly grateful to our wives, Judith A.Jarvis and Leslee L. Schiff, who supported us through many long days and nights of writ-ing and editing. Other family members also provided assistance, including Richard M. Berger,Mark H. Mellman, Amber L. Schiff, Erik L. Schiff, and Fred Schiff.
We owe many thanks to our publisher, Dr. Keith R. Sipe, and all the staff members atCarolina Academic Press. Their enthusiasm and constant encouragement have been mostgratifying.
Special recognition is due to Professor Ross E. Davies of George Mason University,who reviewed Chapters 1– 6, and Professor Douglas E. Abrams of the University of Mis-souri, who reviewed Chapter 7. Their comments greatly improved the final product.
Numerous other individuals helped us along our journey, including Richard W. Arpi,Araceli V. Bareng, Robert J. Beharriell, Edwin J. Butterfoss, Phyllis G. Coleman, MarkM. Dobson, Patricia A. Ferrugia, Marc H. Gold, Mark C. Gordon, Morgan L. Holcomb,Jean F. Holloway, David M. Jarzyna, Malick Kane, Elena B. Langan, Mary E. Lannon,Donald M. Lewis, Charles L. Miller, Steve L. Morris, Patrick T. Nohrden, Victoria L. Nor-man, Nicholas A. Noto, Philip G. Schlissel, Vincent M. Scirghio, Mary Paige Smith, Lind-sey B. Straus, Randy S. Thompson, John Thorn, Eric W. Young, and Andrew J. Zaslow.It truly takes a village to make a book.
We also wish to express our appreciation to Professor Roger I. Abrams for allowing usto excerpt his essay Even the Best Lawyers Must Know Baseball and to Professor HowardW. Brill for permission to reprint his speech Baseball and the Legal Profession. Likewise,the photographs that appear throughout the book have been licensed from either CorbisImages or Getty Images.
A few final thoughts:
First, we welcome your feedback. You can e- mail us at [email protected] jarvisb@ nova.edu.
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xxvi PREFACE
Second, our research closed November 15, 2015. Due to space limitations, we had tobe judicious (some might say ruthless) in deciding what to put in and what to leave out.If we omitted your favorite player or team, we apologize. Baseball in general, and base-ball law in particular, is so rich with good stories that we easily could have filled severalvolumes.
Third, in editing the materials that appear herein, we employed the following con-ventions: (a) footnotes were either deleted or moved to the text; (b) obvious spelling orgrammatical mistakes were corrected; (c) ellipses were used only when not using them wouldhave left the reader with some uncertainty; and, (d) while we normally followed the Blue-book, we did not do so when circumstances called for a different approach.
Fourth, common abbreviations, such as “MLB” for Major League Baseball, “AL” forAmerican League, and “NL” for National League, appear throughout the Notes. More es-oteric abbreviations also occasionally pop up, but we believe readers will have no trou-ble deciphering them.
Fifth, except when the context required otherwise, we identified players by their best- known team and position.
Sixth, given that baseball is the country’s national pastime, we have assumed that any-one reading this book has at least a little bit of baseball knowledge. For those totally newto the game, cites to various primers can be found in Chapter 1A.
Lastly, we leave you with what we consider to be one of baseball’s greatest trivia ques-tions: What occupational oddity do Babe Ruth, Willie Mays, and Hank Aaron have incommon? The first reader who sends us an e-mail with the correct answer will receive agift (so please include your mailing address).
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