Bacterial Transformation
By Joyce Simko, Anita Beebe, Judy King and Sr. Clare Marie Klein
Overview:What is Bacterial Transformation?
The transformation of bacteria!
The genetic information of a
bacterial cell actually takes in new
genetic information and makes it a
part of itself! It can then copy that
sequence over and over and over
and over and over and over……..
How? Why? Stay tuned!
E. coli
Escherichia coli is the most common bacterium in the human gut. It has been extensively studied in the laboratory and is an important research organism for molecular biology.
E. coli reproduce very rapidly; a single microscopic cell can divide to form a visible colony with millions of cells overnight. Like all bacteria, E. coli has no nuclear envelope surrounding the bacterial chromosome and thus no true nucleus. All of the genes required for basic survival and reproduction are found in the single chromosome.
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Plasmids
Plasmids are circular pieces of DNA that exist outside the main bacterial chromosome and carry their own genes for specialized functions. In genetic
engineering, plasmids are one means used to introduce foreign genes into a bacterial cell.
Some plasmids have the ampR gene, which confers resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin. E. coli cells containing this plasmid, can survive and form colonies on LB agar that has been supplemented with ampicillin. Cells lacking the ampR plasmid are sensitive to the antibiotic, which kills them. An ampicillin-sensitive cell can be transformed to an ampicillin-resistant cell by its uptake of a foreign plasmid containing the ampR gene. The same can be said for the lac gene, which codes for lactose. If this gene is taken in, the organism can break down lactose.
To transform cells, you first need to make them competent to take up extracellular DNA. http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab6/concepts1.html
In the Beginning…
God said, “Let there be transformation!!!”
http://www.dnalc.org/ddnalc/resources/transformation2.html
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Transformation Procedure
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Results
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TEST TIME!!!
Place the Stages of Transformation in Order:
C,B,D,E,A
In the ClassroomSTANDARDS RICH!
Unique & interesting ways to expand the scientific world of students
History of science (DNA Timeline) Integrates Math, Science and History Allows students to use many scientific
instruments and processes Explores new methods Scientific inquiry—allows students to explore Careers in science Future of Science Research
Lab Work
S t r e t c h i n g Our Abilities!
Working with high tech equipment:
Modern Lab
Modeling GREAT Science Teaching
Active Learners with our Colleagues
Opportunity to Share Curriculum
Grow in Confidence with new Computer Knowledge
Best and Brightest Teachers
Concluding Thoughts
Thank you!!!
The End!
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