Development of Eco-‐Heart Indicator for water quality status and riverine community awareness
Azizi ABU BAKAR1, Nik Meriam NIK SULAIMAN1, Noor Zalina MAHMOOD1, Azizan BAHARUDDIN2
1University of Malaya, Malaysia 2InsBtute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM), Malaysia
JSPS Asian Core Program Research and Education Center for the Risk Based Asian Oriented Integrated Watershed Management
River water quality in Malaysia • More than 1000 manual & automaBc river water quality
monitoring staBons in 146 basins maintained by Department of Environment (DOE) alone.
• The primary method to classify the river water quality: Water Quality Index (WQI) which in turn rooted on the Interim NaBonal Water Quality Standards (INWQS) -‐since 1985-‐
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Process for CalculaBn
g WQI
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Collect water sample
Measurement of the 6 parameters
In-‐situ measurement/Laboratory analysis
Data used to calculate individual parameter
quality index or grouped to calculate WQI
Individual parameter score / Group score using
all the 6 parameters (Water Quality Index)
Determine the river quality status under INWQS for Malaysia
Classified into Class I, IIA, IIB, III, IV & V
q WQI is a tool for evaluaBng the quality of river water.
q Firstly, the water is tested for 6 chemical parameters: pH, BOD, COD, AN, TSS & DO.
q Then, the water quality data is
compared with the INWQS to determine their status (class).
Water Quality Index
(WQI)
RIVER CLASSIFICATION (DOE Water Quality Index ClassificaBon)
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DOE-‐WQI = (0.22 × SI DO) + (0.19 × SI BOD) + (0.16 × SI COD) + (0.15 × SI AN) + (0.16 × SI SS) + (0.12 × SI pH)
Source: Zaki, Z. (2010).
• The INWQS defined 6 classes (river classificaBon / segments): • Class I, IIA, IIB, III, IV and V
• Class I being the “best” • Class V being the “worst”
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Interim NaBonal Water Quality Standards (INWQS) for Malaysia
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Interim NaBonal Water Quality Standards (INWQS) for Malaysia Class DefiniPon I • ConservaBon of natural environment.
• Water supply I-‐ PracBcally no treatment necessary (except by disinfecBon or boiling only).
• Fishery I-‐ Very sensiBve aquaBc species.
IIA • Water supply II-‐ ConvenBonal treatment required. • Fishery II-‐ SensiBve aquaBc species.
IIB • RecreaBonal use with body contact. III • Water supply III-‐ Extensive treatment required.
• Fishery III-‐ common of economic value and tolerant species, livestock drinking.
IV • IrrigaBon. V • None of the above.
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• The DOE-‐WQI was introduced to classify river segments but difficult and complex to understand by layperson.
• AlternaBve iniBaBve to streamline water quality index is by developing an indicator i.e. symbol from the surface source water quality parameters:
Eco-‐Heart Indicator (EHI).
Eco-‐Heart Indicator
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Six axes graph for development of Eco-‐Heart Indicator (EHI) based on the six DOE-‐WQI parameters.
Eco-‐Heart Indicator
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monitoring kit
Methods
Figure 3. Test Kit: LaMotte Low Cost Water Monitoring
(3) Evaluate! (2) Connect (1) Mark
Coliform pH
Turbidity
Dissolved oxygen
Phosphorus
Nitrate
1 2
4
sampling
draw the eco-‐heart
analyse 3
monitoring kit
Methods
Figure 3. Test Kit: LaMotte Low Cost Water Monitoring
(3) Evaluate! (2) Connect (1) Mark
Coliform pH
Turbidity
Dissolved oxygen
Phosphorus
Nitrate
1 2
4
sampling
draw the eco-‐heart
analyse 3
monitoring kit
Methods
Figure 3. Test Kit: LaMotte Low Cost Water Monitoring
(3) Evaluate! (2) Connect (1) Mark
Coliform pH
Turbidity
Dissolved oxygen
Phosphorus
Nitrate
1 2
4
sampling
draw the eco-‐heart
analyse 3
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Eco-‐Heart Indicator
!
Class DefiniPon EHI
I • ConservaBon of natural environment.
• Water supply I-‐ PracBcally no treatment necessary (except by disinfecBon or boiling only).
• Fishery I-‐ Very sensiBve aquaBc species.
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Eco-‐Heart Indicator
!
Class DefiniPon EHI
IIA • Water supply II-‐ ConvenBonal treatment required.
• Fishery II-‐ SensiBve aquaBc
species.
IIB • RecreaBonal use with body contact.
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Eco-‐Heart Indicator
!
Class DefiniPon EHI
III • Water supply III-‐ Extensive treatment required.
• Fishery III-‐ common of economic value and tolerant species, livestock drinking.
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Eco-‐Heart Indicator
!
Class DefiniPon EHI
IV • IrrigaBon.
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Eco-‐Heart Indicator
!
Class DefiniPon EHI
V • None of the above.
!
Flexibility of EHI
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Fig. 1: Enriching the data of Selangor River water quality status by Fulazzaky et al. (2010) with Eco-‐Heart Indicator.
Healthy rivers at upstream
Polluted rivers at downstream
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!
Thank you Terima kasih
References: 1. Fulazzaky, M.A., Seong, T.W., Masirin, M.I.M., 2010.
Assessment of water quality status for the Selangor River in Malaysia. Water Air Soil Pollut. 205, 63-‐77.
2. Zaki, Z., 2010. Benchmarking river water quality in Malaysia. Jurutera 12-‐15.
Photo taken at Selangor River Firefly Park, Kampung Kuantan
(Kuala Selangor, Malaysia)
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