Dr.M.Bhuvaneswari
Final year PG
Scholar
Dr.N.R.S.G.A.C. Vja
AUSHADA NIRMANA
RAW DRUG COLLECTION
IDENTIFICATION
SELECTION
COLLECTION
STORAGE
PREPARATION OF MEDICINES
TECHNOLOGY IN MAKING
FORMULATIONS
STORAGE
SHELF LIFE
PACKAGING
RAW DRUG
IDENTIFICATIONIDENTIFICATION ch. Su.1/121
su.su.37/11
– on basis of morphological characters with the help of synonyms mentioned in nighantus
Eg. Katuki – Matsya sakala – surface of rhizome
Satavari – Phanijihwa patrika - Leaves
COLLECTION – Sa. Pra.Kh 1/57 – 58
COLLECTION
PLANTS SHOULD NOT
COLLECT
COLLECTION BASED ON
RITU
RITU PART TO BE COLLECTED
Grisma / Sisira Mula
Varsa / Vasanta Patra, Sakha
Yadharutu Pushpa, Phala
Hemanta Sara
Sarat Twak, Kanda, Ksira
Based on
PANCHAMAHABHUTAS
Ref – Su. Su 37/7
SELECTION OF DRUGS
ACC to SARANGADHARA
Akhila
karyardham
Sarad ritu
Vasanta ritu
Vamana
virechanartham
STORAGE
Drugs are more difficult to preserve than
to manufacture
Collected drugs should be kept in an air
tight jars or porcelain jars
Labelling should be done
Primary
kalpana
AUSHADAAHARA
General classification
Kalpana
Secondary
kalpana
Manda, Peya, Vilepi,
Takra,Yusha..
13
OUSHADHA KALPANA
BASED ON USAGE
BAHYAKalpana (External
application)Ex: Lepa, Malahara, etc.
ABHYANTARA Kalpana
(Internal Administration)
Ex: Vati, Avaleha etc.
Kalpanas Technique
SWARASA Grinding & squeezing
KALKA Grinding on stone
KWATHA 1/16 water reduction to ¼
HIMA Aqueous extraction from cold water
PHANTA Aqueous extraction from hot water
CHURNA Pounding to fine powder
VATI Fine powder made into pills
AVALEHA Kashaya made into paka
SNEHA
KALPANA
preparations in which Taila / Gritha is boiled with a
prescribed drava dravya and Kalka of drugs according to
formula
SANDHANA
KALPANA
medicinal preparation made by soaking the drug either in
the powder form or in Kashaya form in a solution of sugar
or jaggery
SWARASA
स्वरस इति सध्यो रसः। श.क.द्रु यन्त्र तिष्पीडििाि ्द्रव्यि ् रसः स्वरस उच्यिे।
च.सू.४The freshly extracted juice from the drug is
known as Swarasa.
Ex: Tulasi Swarasa
USES:
It is used as Anupana
Used in secondary preparation.
Used as Shodhana dravya.
Used as a Bhavana dravya.
KALKA
यः पपण्िो रसः पपष्ठािाां सकल्कां पररककतिििः।
च.सू.४Kalka is a soft paste of a wet or dry drug
prepared by grinding wet drug without
adding water and dry one with little water.
Ex: Nimba patra kalka.
KWATHA
वन्त्हौ िु क्वथििां द्रव्यां श्रिृqÉÉहुश्चचककत्सकाः।
च.सू.६/१One part of coarsely powdered drug is boiled with 16 parts of water in an earthen pot and kept over fire till liquid is reduced to 1/8 part of original quantity.
Ex: Triphala kwatha.
HIMA
शीतो रात्रिं द्रवे त्थितः। अ.हृ.क ६/१०
One part of drug is put in 6 parts of cold water and kept
overnight.
Ex: Dhanyakadi hima
USES:
In secondary preparations
Seka - Kriyakalpa
PHANTA
क्षिप्िोष्णा िोये मदृििां िि ्फाण्टमभिधीयिे।च.
सू. ४/१०A coarse powder of a drug is put in hot water and it is rubbed and filtered with a cloth.
Ex: Panchakola phanta
USES:
In secondary preparations
SNEHA KALPANA
Taila / Gritha are preparations in which Taila / Gritha is boiled with a prescribed drava dravyaand Kalka of drugs according to formula. This process ensures absorption of active therapeutic principles of the ingredients used.
Ex: Triphala ghrita.
USES:
Used internally as well as externally.
SANDHANA KALPANA
Asava and Aristha are medicinal preparation made by soaking the drug either in the powder form or in Kashaya form in a solution of sugar or jaggery for specific period of time for fermentation to generate alcohol, thus facilitating the extraction of active principles contained in the drug. The alcohol so generated also serves as a preservative.
Ex: Dashamularishta, Kanakasava.
CHURNA
Churna is a powder of single drug or a
mixture of two or more drugs. The drugs are
finely powdered and they are filtered through
a cloth.
Ex: Sitopaladi churna
VATI KALPANA
Medicines prepared in the form of tablet or pills
are known as Vati or Gutika etc. These are
made of one or more drugs either of plant,
animal or mineral origin or in combination.
Ex: Chandraprabha vati
LEPA KALPANA
The medicine in the form of a paste used
for external application are called as
Lepas .
Ex: Dashanga Lepa , Vishaghna Lepa.
MALAHARA KALPANA
Malahara are ointment preparation. It
contains beewax and oil as base to this fine
powder of various ingredients are used and
mixed well.
Ex : Sarjarasa malahara
UPANAHA
Upanaha is the application of thick and
warm paste of different drugs to the
body and covering it with cloth.
Ex : Atasi upanaha
GUGGULU KALPANA
The formulation which contain Guggulu
as a main ingredient is known as
Guggulu kalpana.
It is mainly in pills form.
Ex: Triphala Guggulu, Yogaraja
Guggulu.
PATHYA KALPANA
Pathya kalpanas are the dietetic preparations which
helps in treating the disease and helps in maintenance of good
health.
Manda :14 part of water with 1 part of broken rice.
Peya : 14 part of water with 1 part of broken rice.
Vilepi : It is more thicker than peya.
Anna : 5 part of water and 1 part of rice is used.
Yusa : It is obtained by boiling any types of pulses, but not rice.
ANCIENT ERA PRESENT ERA
KHALVA YANTRA JUICE EXTRACTOR,
MECHANICAL KHALVA
YANTRA
ULUKHALA YANTRA PULVERISER
HEATING DEVICE AS
KOSHTI
STOVE OR ELECTRIC
HEATERS, FURNACE
PILL MAKING - MANUAL TABLET MAKING
MACHINE30
RAW MATERIAL
COLLECTION
AUTHENTICATION
RAW DRUG STORAGE
WASHING
31
DISPENSING
Final product
SECONDARY
PREPARATION
PRIMARY PREPARAT
ION
PACKING SEALING LABELLING
QUALI
TY
CONT
ROL
DOSAGE FORMS
S.NO Kalpana dosage
1 Swarasa 1 Pala
2 Kalka 1 karsha
3 Kwatha 2 Pala
4 Phanta 2Pala
5 Hima 2Pala
6 Churna 1 karsha
7 Vati 1karsha
8 Avaleha 1 karsha
9 Taila/Ghrita 2karsha
10 Sandhana 2 pala
11 Guggulu 1 karsha
CONCLUSION
Samyoga, Vishlesha, Kala and Samskara plays important role in designing formulations.
Kalpana have been designed to increase shelf life, alter the Potency and Palatability.
Selection of different dosage forms is left to the Yukti of the BHISHAK as per the needs of the patient.
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