ArticulationsArticulationsAKAAKA
JointsJoints
ArticulationsArticulations
Where two bones Where two bones meet. (Joint)meet. (Joint)
ReviewReview
LigamentsLigaments::Connect bone to boneConnect bone to boneTendonsTendonsConnect muscle to boneConnect muscle to bone
Types of JointsTypes of Joints
Fibrous:Fibrous: Joint with Joint with
NO NO movement. movement. (sutures in (sutures in cranium)cranium)
Types of JointsTypes of Joints
CartilaginousCartilaginous: : Slightly Slightly moveable moveable joints. joints. (vertebrate)(vertebrate)
Types of JointsTypes of Joints
3. Synovial: 3. Synovial: Freely moveable Freely moveable (synovial joint) (synovial joint) includes a includes a capsule (bursa) capsule (bursa) that releases that releases synovial fluid for synovial fluid for lubrication. lubrication.
Arthroscopic SurgeryArthroscopic Surgery
TYPESTYPES
1. 1. HingeHinge: Knee and elbow: Knee and elbow2. 2. Ball and SocketBall and Socket: ‘most : ‘most
moveable’ shoulder, hip.moveable’ shoulder, hip.3. 3. PivotPivot: head, radius, ulna: head, radius, ulna4. 4. GlidingGliding: Carpals: Carpals
Actions:Actions:
Look in your text books Look in your text books starting on page 157 and write starting on page 157 and write a brief explanation of the a brief explanation of the following actions:following actions:
Flexion, Extension, Rotation, Flexion, Extension, Rotation, Abduction, Adduction.Abduction, Adduction.
Hormones:Hormones:
PTHPTHSex HormonesSex HormonesCalcitoninCalcitoninHuman Growth HormoneHuman Growth Hormone
PTHPTH
Released by:Released by:ParathyroidParathyroid
Response:Response:Bones release Bones release
calcium into the calcium into the blood stream.blood stream.
CalcitoninCalcitonin
Released by:Released by:ThyroidThyroid
Response:Response:Inhibits Inhibits
osteoclast osteoclast activityactivity
HGHHGH
Released by:Released by:Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland
Response:Response:Increases Calcium Increases Calcium
retention in bones retention in bones and mineralizationand mineralization
Sex HormonesSex Hormones
Estrogen and Testosterone:Estrogen and Testosterone:Secreted by:Secreted by:
Testes, OvariesTestes, Ovaries
Response:Response: Increase bone density and maturation.Increase bone density and maturation.
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