ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
Petronas Twin Tower – K.L.C.C
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
School of Medical Sciences - USM
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
School of Medical Sciences - USM
Established in 1979
The main activities are: Teaching Patient care Research
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
Hospital USM
The Medical School is serviced by a 716-
bed teaching hospital functioning at
tertiary care level with international
standard facilities.
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
School of Medical Sciences – USMCourses Offered;
MD M.Med (16 specialities) M.Sc; Ph.D M.Sc (Sports Science),& (Sports
Medicine) Postgraduate Diploma in Medical
Therapeutics
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
MD Program
In general this program is taught with an integrated multidisciplinary approach, based on organ and system with emphasis on problem solving.
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
CurriculumThe program runs for 5 years and is divided into 3 phases; (with professional examinations at the end
of each phase)
Phase I - First year
Phase II - Second year
Third year
Phase III - Fourth year
Fifth year
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
Phase I Bioethics and Nursing – 1 week General Block – 5 weeks Haemopoeitic and lymphoid system – 2 weeks Musculo-skeletal system – 4 weeks Nervous system – 4 weeks Reproductive system – 1 week Gastrointestinal and nutrition – 4 weeks Endocrine system and metabolism – 3 weeks Cardiovascular system – 3 weeks Respiratory system – 2 weeks Urinary system – 2 weeks Host and environment 4 weeks First aid – 1 week
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
Phase II General Block Haemopoeitic and lymphoid system Reproductive system Musculo-skeletal system Psychological medicine Infectious disease Cardiovascular system Respiratory system Genito-urinary system Gastrointestinal system Endocrine system Nervous system
In phase II students are introduced to clinical clerkship, community and family case studies and will undergo 6 weeks of elective posting.
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
Phase III
General block lectures and Interdisciplinary activities
Clinical postings – Rotation through all clinical disciplines
Community and family case studies Elective (year 4)
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
Mode of teaching Formal lectures Small group discussions Problem-based learning Fixed learning module Self-study Seminars Interdisciplinary activities (symposium-like
presentations presented by students) Therapeutic ward round (problem-based) Clinical ward rounds
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
Co-curriculum
Wednesday afternoons are reserved for
co-curricular activities whereby students
are required to participate in uniformed
brigades like military cadets, sports or
socio-cultural activities and self-defence
art.
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
Teaching of pharmacology and therapeutics Phase I- Introduction- Autonomic pharmacology- Pharmacokinetics anf pharmacodynamics Phase II- Pharmacology teaching follows the blocks according
to system Phase III- Pharmacology teaching is given in the general block
lectures, interdisciplinary activities, seminars and therapeutic ward rounds.
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
2nd P-Drug workshop 1999 - Hieizan
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
Rational Use of Drugs - what are the Issues?
Assoc. Professor Haji Abd Rahman Noor
Departments of Pharmacology and Paediatrics
School of Medical Sciences
Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus,
Kubang Kerian, Kelantan,
MALAYSIA
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
No. of physicians in the U.S. = 70,000
Accidental death caused by physicians per year
= 120,000
accidental death per physicians = 0.171
(source: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services)
cf.
No. of gun owners in the U.S. = 80,000,000
No. of accidental gun death per year = 1500
No. of accidental gun death per gun owner = 0.0000188
Statistically doctors are approximately 9000 more dangerous than gun owners.
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
Instrument left by a surgeon removed from patient’s abdomen
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
Rational Use of Drugs:
Are there any issues? Yes! Evidence – literature reference Activities by WHO Activities by individual countries
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
In Australia
National Medicines Policy is well established,
which includes Quality Use of Medicines
Quality Use of Medicines achieved by partnership approach with “medication team” concept involving doctors, pharmacists, nurses and consumers, based on the following principles;
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
R. Kausal et al – JAMA 2001;285:16;2114-2120
Conducted a study in 2 teaching hospitals in Boston to assess the rates of medication errors, adverse drug events and potential ADE’s in paediatric patients;
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
Kausal R. (cont).
10778 medication orders were reviewed:
616 (5.7%) showed medication errors
115 (1.1%) showed potential ADE’s
26 (0.24%) showed ADE’s ( 19% were preventable ).
The preventable ADE’s were similar to a previous study in adults but the potential ADE’s rate was 3 times higher.
ARN14 Feb. 2002 JSPS visit Showa University
Netherlands;
Medications that are initiated by specialists are continued by G.Ps.
G.Ps admit that their prescribing behaviour partly results from repeat prescriptions by specialists.
Communications between specialists and G.Ps are crucial.
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